Globalization is the process of interacting and sharing technology, skills, knowledge, and culture with other countries through various modes like trade, cultural exchange, political cooperation, science, and media. The history of globalization is divided into three periods from 1492 to the present: globalization of countries from 1492-1800; globalization of companies from 1800-2000; and globalization of individuals from 2000 to the present. Factors influencing globalization include communications, transport, and trade liberalization. While globalization provides benefits like access to new markets and technologies, it also poses challenges such as increased inequality and threats to local cultures.