International Business basic concept of international business
,
approaches to international business/ modes of ent
,
barriers to international business
,
absolute advantage and comparative advantage
The world may continue to shrink in light of advanced technology, higher demands from markets and faster turnaround times, globalization has become a staple for world commerce and international business.
International Business Dynamics module 2 by Nagarjun ReddyPNagarjunReddyReddy
Complete detail of Second Module International Business Dynamics contents, Globalization – Supporting Institutions in International Conflict Resolution
The world may continue to shrink in light of advanced technology, higher demands from markets and faster turnaround times, globalization has become a staple for world commerce and international business.
International Business Dynamics module 2 by Nagarjun ReddyPNagarjunReddyReddy
Complete detail of Second Module International Business Dynamics contents, Globalization – Supporting Institutions in International Conflict Resolution
01 Globalization and International BusinessBrent Weeks
To define globalization and international business and show how they affect each other
To understand why companies engage in international business and why international business growth has accelerated
To discuss globalization’s future and the major criticisms of globalization
To become familiar with different ways in which a company can accomplish its global objectives
To apply social science disciplines to understanding the differences between international and domestic business
International business; competitive advantages; evolution; nature of international business; reasons and stages of internationalisation; approaches and theories of international business; comparative cost advantage and problems of international business.
> To define globalization and international business and show how they affect each other
> To understand why companies engage in international business and why international business growth has accelerated
> To discuss globalization’s future and the major criticisms of globalization
> To become familiar with different ways in which a company can accomplish its global objectives
> To apply social science disciplines to understanding the differences between international and domestic business
> To define globalization and international business and show how they affect each other
TRENDS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE Forced dynamism
Co operation among countries
Liberalization of cross border movements
Transfer of technology
Growth in emerging markets
international trade theory
,
why is free trade beneficial
,
what role does government have in trade
,
what is mercantilism
,
what is the heckscher-ohlin theory
,
how does the theory of absolute advantage work
,
is a current account deficit bad
,
what is smith’s theory of absolute advantage
,
what is the balance of payments
,
what is new trade theory
,
what is ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage
JM Chapter 1 Overview of International Business.pptxJesilin James
Define International Business and concept of globalization
Differentiate between IB and Domestic Business
Explain the importance of IB
Part 2: Fundamental of International Trade Theories
Outline the theories that attempt to explain why certain goods are traded internationally
Summarise the theory of mercantilism
Detail the theories of absolute advantage and comparative advantage
Detail the factor proportions theory of trade
01 Globalization and International BusinessBrent Weeks
To define globalization and international business and show how they affect each other
To understand why companies engage in international business and why international business growth has accelerated
To discuss globalization’s future and the major criticisms of globalization
To become familiar with different ways in which a company can accomplish its global objectives
To apply social science disciplines to understanding the differences between international and domestic business
International business; competitive advantages; evolution; nature of international business; reasons and stages of internationalisation; approaches and theories of international business; comparative cost advantage and problems of international business.
> To define globalization and international business and show how they affect each other
> To understand why companies engage in international business and why international business growth has accelerated
> To discuss globalization’s future and the major criticisms of globalization
> To become familiar with different ways in which a company can accomplish its global objectives
> To apply social science disciplines to understanding the differences between international and domestic business
> To define globalization and international business and show how they affect each other
TRENDS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE Forced dynamism
Co operation among countries
Liberalization of cross border movements
Transfer of technology
Growth in emerging markets
international trade theory
,
why is free trade beneficial
,
what role does government have in trade
,
what is mercantilism
,
what is the heckscher-ohlin theory
,
how does the theory of absolute advantage work
,
is a current account deficit bad
,
what is smith’s theory of absolute advantage
,
what is the balance of payments
,
what is new trade theory
,
what is ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage
JM Chapter 1 Overview of International Business.pptxJesilin James
Define International Business and concept of globalization
Differentiate between IB and Domestic Business
Explain the importance of IB
Part 2: Fundamental of International Trade Theories
Outline the theories that attempt to explain why certain goods are traded internationally
Summarise the theory of mercantilism
Detail the theories of absolute advantage and comparative advantage
Detail the factor proportions theory of trade
College of Businesswww.derby.ac.ukbusinessSensitivity WilheminaRossi174
College of Business
www.derby.ac.uk/business
Sensitivity: Internal
Marketing across Cultures
Week 4
College of Business
www.derby.ac.uk/business
Sensitivity: Internal
WHY DO WE TRADE
INTERNATIONALLY?
College of Business
www.derby.ac.uk/business
Sensitivity: Internal
• Cost-Benefit exchange
• Today’s links were formed
in the 18th/19th centuries
• Key reasons for
international trade:
• - the theory of
comparative advantage
• - the international
product life cycle
College of Business
www.derby.ac.uk/business
Sensitivity: Internal
Suggests trade takes place between countries because one country can
produce at lower price than elsewhere.
Example:
Japan (e.g. Hitachi, Sony) – domination of the European TV market due
to a strategy of:
• Better product quality and design
• Lower prices due to economies of scale and superior
manufacturing technology
Reasons Countries Trade – the theory
of comparative advantage (Ricardo)
College of Business
www.derby.ac.uk/business
Sensitivity: Internal
• Sustained period of investment in the organisation may lead to
lower operating costs
• Lower labour costs – by locating operations in a newly
industrialised economy (NIE)
• Proximity to raw materials –low inventory and logistics costs
• Subsidies to help native industries
How to Achieve Comparative Advantage?
College of Business
www.derby.ac.uk/business
Sensitivity: Internal
College of Business
www.derby.ac.uk/business
Sensitivity: Internal
College of Business
www.derby.ac.uk/business
Sensitivity: Internal
PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE
College of Business
www.derby.ac.uk/business
Sensitivity: Internal
INTERNATIONAL PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE
College of Business
www.derby.ac.uk/business
Sensitivity: Internal
1. US firms manufacture for home market and start to export
2. Foreign companies begin to manufacture
3. US exports decline
4. Foreign company begins exporting to USA; directly competing.
College of Business
www.derby.ac.uk/business
Sensitivity: Internal
If a country exports a greater value than it imports, it has a trade surplus or
positive trade balance, and conversely, if a country imports a greater value
than it exports, it has a trade deficit or negative trade balance.
BALANCE OF TRADE
College of Business
www.derby.ac.uk/business
Sensitivity: Internal
Balance of Import vs Exports
College of Business
www.derby.ac.uk/business
Sensitivity: Internal
Overt Barriers:
• Direct taxes and charges imposed on imports
• Traditionally used by poorer nations to collect revenue
• Also used to protect the home producer from import competition
Covert Barriers:
• Local subsidy = penalty for importers
• Customs entry procedures and delays in granting permission to
produce/import (Law, Compliance)
• Quotas: restrictions placed on the volume of a product that may be
imported
Barriers to World Trade and Marketing
College of Business
www.derby.ac.uk/business
Sensitivity: Internal
Four Tests for a Successful Tr ...
The given PPT consist of the details about Globalisation,international business and international marketing along with the difference between TNC's & MNC's
Define conflict and conflict behavior in organizations
Distinguish between functional and dysfunctional conflict
Understand different levels and types of conflict in organizations
Analyze conflict episodes and the linkages among them
Explain why conflict arises, and identify the types and sources of conflict in organizations.
Describe conflict management strategies that managers can use to resolve conflict effectively.
Understand the nature of negotiation and why integrative bargaining is more effective than distributive negotiation.
,managing conflict ,politics ,and negotiation
,
capital budgeting
,
concept of capital budgeting
,
the capital budgeting process
,
significance of capital budgeting
,
classification of investment project proposals
,
techniques of capital budgeting
,
types of project
basic organization of computer
,
input unit
,
output unit
,
storage unit
,
arithmetic logic unit (alu)
,
computer codes
,
computer for organization
,
business communication
,
payroll system
,
management information system
operating system
,
os
,
what is an os?
,
types of os
,
logical architecture of a computer system
,
basic task perform by os
,
task switching
,
utility software
,
main functions of an os
,
ddata communications and computer networks
,
basic elements of a communication system
,
coaxial cable
,
star network
,
data transmission media
,
ring network
,
hybrid network
,
completely connected network
,
multi-access bus network
,
network linking devices
,
network interface card (nic)
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At its core, generative artificial intelligence relies on the concept of generative models, which serve as engines that churn out entirely new data resembling their training data. It is like a sculptor who has studied so many forms found in nature and then uses this knowledge to create sculptures from his imagination that have never been seen before anywhere else. If taken to cyberspace, gans work almost the same way.
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A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
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Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
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Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
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Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
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Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
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2. International Business
10/2/2019
International
Business
Very simply international business is the performance of
business activities across the national boundaries.
More broadly IB is defined as the process of extending the
business activities from domestic to any foreign country
with an intention of targeting international customers.
Expansion of business functions to various countries with an
objective of fulfilling the needs and wants of international
customers.
3. Why firms conducting International Business?? Or
Reasons for International Business
• Surplus or excess production capacity
• Capacity utilization
• Scarcity of resources (Raw materials)
• Absolute and Comparative advantage
• To increase profit
• To achieve economics of scale
• Competitive pressure
• Declining domestic sales
• Availability of technology and managerial competency
• To minimize risk
10/2/2019
4. Absolute advantage and Comparative
advantage
• Absolute Advantage: When a country can
produce a product more efficiently than any
other nation
• Comparative Advantage: When a country can
produce one product more efficiently and at
a lower cost than other products in
comparison to other nation
10/2/2019
5. 10/2/2019
Country Labor units to produce Exchange ratio between
wine and clothPer unit wine Per unit cloth
Portugal 80hours,
a1
90 hours,
b1
80/90=1w=0.89c again
90/80=1c=1.13w
England 120 hours
A2
100 hours
B2
120/100=1w=1.2c again
100/120=1c=0.83w
Comparative cost of
Portugal on the basis of
England.
80/120=0.67 90/100=0.90
Comparative cost of
England on the basis of
Portugal.
120/80=1.50 100/90=1.11
6. Basic Concept of International Business
10/2/2019
1. Exporting and Importing:
Exporting refers Selling domestic made goods in another country
Importing means Purchasing goods made in another country.
2. Balance of Trade: The difference between the amount a country
exports and the amount it imports
3. Balance of Payment: The total flow of money into and out of a
country.
4. Exchange Rate: The rate at which one country ‘s currency can be
exchanged for that of another country.
• Fixed exchange rate
• Floating exchange rate
7. Barriers to International Business
1. Cultural and Social Barriers
2. Political Barriers
3. Tariffs and Trade Restrictions:
Import tariff
Quota
Embargo
Exchange control
10/2/2019
8. Approaches to international Business/ Modes
of entering into Foreign Market
• Exporting
• Licensing
• Joint Ventures
• Trading Companies
• Countertrading
• Direct Ownership
• Multinational Corporations
10/2/2019