Sterilization and Disinfection
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This presentation contains needed information for a medico on different physical methods of sterilization and disinfection. I haven't prepared slides for chemical methods. If anyone wants, he or she can put it in the comments section below. Also, some pictures have not been labeled but are mostly in the sequence (some pictures could be missing). If anyone wants to know any particular picture, he or she can put it in the comments section below.
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STERILIZATION-PRINCIPLES OF STERILIZATION
BASICS OF STERILIZATION FOR STUDENTS.
INSTRUMENT STERILIZATION
PPE
autoclave
methods of sterilization
handwashing
gloving
sterilization of implants and instruments
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- The importance of cleaning instruments before disinfection or sterilization to remove organic materials.
- Categorizing instruments as critical, semi-critical, or non-critical based on infection risk to determine the appropriate level of processing needed.
- Common sterilization methods like steam sterilization, dry heat, and chemical vapor that are used depending on the material.
- Guidelines for disinfecting environmental surfaces and categorizing them based on risk of contamination.
- Recommendations for proper hand hygiene and the use of personal protective equipment to
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Dr. Neetu Singh presented on sterilization and infection control in dentistry. Key points included:
- Classifying dental instruments as critical, semi-critical, or non-critical based on infection risk. Critical instruments must be heat sterilized between uses.
- Methods of sterilization include heat sterilization methods like autoclaving and chemical methods like ethylene oxide and glutaraldehyde. Each method has advantages and limitations.
- Proper cleaning of instruments is essential before sterilization to remove debris. Manual, ultrasonic, and mechanical washing are used.
- Maintaining aseptic techniques and properly packaging and storing sterilized items are important for infection control.
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The document discusses various methods of sterilization and disinfection. It defines sterilization as removing all microorganisms including spores, while disinfection only reduces pathogens and does not necessarily kill spores. Physical methods include heat, radiation, filtration and chemical agents. Moist heat sterilization using an autoclave at 121°C is the most effective method. Other common sterilization techniques mentioned are hot air ovens, pasteurization, and chemical disinfectants such as alcohol, aldehydes, halogens and dyes. Proper sterilization is important for preventing hospital-acquired infections.
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Microorganisms can cause infection and are present everywhere. Sterilization aims to remove or destroy microorganisms from surfaces and materials. Various physical and chemical methods are used for sterilization with different effectiveness against bacterial vegetative cells, spores, viruses, and other microbes. Common physical sterilization methods include heat, radiation, and filtration, while chemical methods include alcohols, aldehydes, phenols, halogens, and other disinfecting agents. The choice of sterilization method depends on the type of material or substance being sterilized.
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The document discusses various methods of sterilization and disinfection. It defines sterilization as the process of destroying all living microorganisms, including bacterial spores, while disinfection refers to reducing microorganisms to a safe level. Physical methods include heat, filtration, and radiation. Chemical methods utilize alcohols, aldehydes, phenols, and other agents. The ideal disinfectant is broad-spectrum, works in various conditions, and is non-toxic. Proper concentration, time, and temperature are important for effective sterilization and disinfection.
Microbial control seminar corrected
This document discusses various methods of microbial control in healthcare settings. It covers the need for microbial control to prevent infection transmission. Various methods are discussed, including sterilization, disinfection, antisepsis and antimicrobial therapy. Physical sterilization methods like heat, filtration and radiation are outlined. Factors that influence the effectiveness of sterilization and disinfection methods are also summarized.
Sterilization process
Sterilization is important to prevent contamination and transmission of pathogenic microorganisms. The goal of sterilization is to remove or destroy all microorganisms, including bacterial spores. There are physical and chemical methods of sterilization. Physical methods include dry heat sterilization using hot air ovens at temperatures over 160°C, and moist heat sterilization using autoclaves above 100°C, which is more effective at killing both vegetative cells and bacterial spores. Autoclaves apply high-pressure steam to sterilize materials for over 15 minutes at 121°C. Sterilization is crucial in healthcare, pharmaceutical, food and other industries to prevent infection and spoilage.
Sterilization and disinfection
This document discusses various methods of sterilization and disinfection. It begins with the historical background of disinfection pioneered by Semmelweis and Lister in the 19th century. It then covers factors that influence disinfection effectiveness like organism type, concentration of disinfectant, and contact time. The document outlines different types of disinfection and various physical (e.g. heat) and chemical methods. Key methods discussed include autoclaving, pasteurization, and the use of chemicals like bleach and alcohols.
4 STERILIZATION & DIS. ಇಂದ ಗೌತಮ್ ಕನ್ನಡಿಗ
Sterilization and disinfectant are the main role in hospitals to keep clean .it is the process of remove the microorganisms from the objects
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Microorganisms are the agents of contamination, infection and decay. Hence it becomes necessary to remove them.
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The document discusses various physical and chemical methods for controlling microbial growth, including sterilization, disinfection, and sanitation. It describes several sterilization techniques such as heat, filtration, radiation, and various chemical disinfectants including phenols, halogens, alcohols, heavy metals, and quaternary ammonium compounds. The methods discussed aim to kill microbes or inhibit their growth on surfaces and in materials like foods and medical supplies.
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Each year in the United States, there are approximately 53,000,000 outpatient surgical procedures and 46,000,000 inpatient surgical procedures.
Each of these procedures involves contact by a medical device or surgical instrument with a patient’s sterile tissue or mucous membranes.
A major risk of all such procedures is the introduction of infection. Failure to properly disinfect or sterilize medical devices and surgical instruments may lead to transmission via these devices.
Furthermore, laboratories worldwide require sterile procedures to carry out their routine work. Heat: Kills microorganisms by denaturing their enzymes and other proteins. Heat resistance varies widely among microbes.
Moist Heat: Kills microorganisms by coagulating their proteins.
Dry Heat: Kills by oxidation effect.
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Sterilization and Disinfection
- 2. INTRODUCTION STERILIZATION : Destroys or removes all living organisms including viable spores • reduction of at least 106 log colony-forming units of microorganisms and their spores • achieved by a physical agent or a chemical agent
- 3. DISINFECTION : Destroys or removes all/ most pathogenic organisms but not bacterial spores • reduction of at least 103 log colony-forming units of microorganism, but not spores • By physical and chemical agents, but used only on inanimate objects ASEPSIS : Chemical agents (called antiseptics) applied on body surface to kill or inhibit microorganisms • prevent the entry of pathogens into sterile tissues and thus prevents infection or sepsis • generally not as toxic as disinfectants as diey must not destroy too much of host tissue
- 4. DECONTAMINATION (OR SANITIZATION) : Reduction of pathogenic microbial population to a level at which items are considered as safe to handle without protective attire • reduction of atleast 1 log colony-forming unit of most of the microorganisms, but not spores • manual or mechanical cleaning by soap and detergents to eliminate debris or organic mater from the medical devices ‘cides’ – to kill microorganisms eg: bactericide, virucide, fungicide ‘statics’ – inhibit microbial growth eg: bacteriostatic, fungistatic
- 5. FACTORS INFLUENCING EFFICACY OF STERILANT/ DISINFECTANT 1. Organism load – Larger microbial populations > smaller microbial populations 2. Nature of Organisms - Prions (highest resistance) > Cryptosporidium oocysts > Bacterial spores > Mycobacteria > Other parasite cysts (e.g. Giardia) > Small non-enveloped viruses> Trophozoites > Gram-negative bacteria> Fungi > Large non-enveloped viruses> Gram-positive bacteria > Enveloped viruses
- 6. 3. Concentration of the chemical sterilization or temperature of heat sterilization 4. Nature of sterilant/ disinfectant 5. Duration of exposure 6. Temperature 7. Local environment • pH – heat kills more readily at an acidic Ph • Organic matter – can provide protection for microbes • Biofilm -
- 8. PHYSICAL AGENTS 1. DRYING : does not affect many microbes and spores 2. HEAT : most common and reliable DRY HEAT - kills by charring, denaturation of bacterial protein, oxidative damage and by the toxic effect of elevated levels of electrolytes • Flaming - Long time (eg: inoculating loops or wires), short time (eg: mouth of test tubes • Incineration – 870-1200 degrees • Hot air oven – electrically heated, at 160 degrees for 2 hrs (eg: glassware, surgical instruments) , lots of precautions, spores destroyed MOIST HEAT - kills by denaturation and coagulation of proteins • Temp < 100 degrees – Pasteurization (non sporing), Water bath (serum, body fluids and vaccines), inspissation (fractional sterilization for serum based media) • Temp = 100 degrees – boiling, steaming, tyndallization • Temp > 100 degrees - Autoclave
- 13. AUTOCLAVE Principal : similar to pressure cooker Components : pressure chamber (with steam jacket), lid, electric heater Biological indicator : Geobacillus stearothermophilus Uses : method of choice for - • Surgical instruments • Culture media • Autoclavable plastic cotainers • Plastic tubes and pipette tips • Solutions and water • Biohazardous waste • Glassware (autoclave resistible)
- 15. 3. Filtration: • Depth filters (candle filters, asbestos filters etc) • Membrane filters – most widely used for bacteria 4. Radiation • Ionizing (highly penetrable, does not heat) – X-rays, gamma rays, cosmic rays • Non ionizing – UV rays and Infrared