Practical microbiology 2
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Sterilization completely eliminates all microbes, including endospores, through physical or chemical means like heat, chemicals, radiation, or mechanical removal. Disinfection reduces microbes but may not kill endospores. Antiseptics are chemicals that prevent or arrest the growth/multiplication of microbes on living tissues. Proper sterilization, disinfection, and antisepsis are important for destroying harmful microorganisms.
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Sterilisation and Disinfection by DR C P PRINCE
This ppt explains about sterilisation and disinfection .
Dr. C P Prince is an eminent microbiology teacher with years of teaching practice.
Decontamination, Disinfection and sterilisation
This document discusses various methods for decontamination, sterilization, and disinfection important for laboratory biosafety. It defines key terms like sterilization, which aims to eliminate all microbial life, versus disinfection, which aims to eliminate pathogens but not bacterial spores. Various physical methods for sterilization are covered, including heat/thermal methods like autoclaving, radiation methods, and filtration. Specific sterilization techniques using heat, chemicals, and gases are then described in more detail. The document emphasizes the importance of choosing the appropriate sterilization or disinfection method based on the level and type of contamination present.
Sterilization
Sterilization is the process of eliminating all microorganisms. Physical sterilization methods include heat, radiation, and filtration. Moist heat using pressurized steam (autoclaving) is most effective, killing through protein denaturation. Dry heat is slower and some materials cannot withstand the required high temperatures. Radiation uses gamma rays, X-rays, or UV light to damage genetic material of microbes. Chemical sterilization employs alcohols, aldehydes, halogens, phenols, or gases like ethylene oxide and formaldehyde to coagulate proteins or disrupt cell membranes. Proper temperature, time, concentration and material compatibility are factors in effective sterilization.
Aseptic technique-1.pptx
Aseptic technique refers to practices that help reduce the risk of infection by preventing the transfer of microorganisms. There are two main types - medical asepsis, which aims to reduce microorganisms, and surgical asepsis, which aims to eliminate them. Key aspects of aseptic technique include cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization. Cleaning removes visible dirt, disinfection eliminates many microorganisms, and sterilization destroys all microorganisms through processes like steam, dry heat, or chemicals. Proper aseptic technique helps protect patients by minimizing exposure to infection-causing pathogens.
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This document discusses fungi and actinomycetes. It defines fungi as eukaryotic organisms and differentiates between yeast, molds, and fleshy fungi. It also describes actinomycetes as bacteria that resemble fungi in forming filaments and hyphae. Key details include that yeast are unicellular and reproduce by budding, while some Candida species can be opportunistic pathogens. Actinomycetes are responsible for decomposition during composting and degrading substances like chitin and cellulose.
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The acid-fast stain is used to identify bacteria with wax-like, impermeable cell walls containing mycolic acid, such as Mycobacterium. During the staining process, a lipid-soluble carbolfuchsin dye penetrates the waxy cell walls when heat is applied. A strong decolorizer then removes the stain from non-acid fast cells while the acid-fast bacteria retain the stain.
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Gram's stain is a method used to differentiate between two large groups of bacteria - Gram positive and Gram negative - based on their cell wall structure and composition. The staining process involves smearing a bacterial sample on a slide, treating it with crystal violet dye and iodine, then decolorizing it with alcohol or acetone before counterstaining with safranin. This allows bacteria to be classified based on whether they retain the primary violet stain (Gram positive) or take up the counterstain (Gram negative).
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Practical microbiology 3
Culture media are used to grow microorganisms in microbiology laboratories. Media can be solid, containing agar, or liquid. Media are classified based on their composition as synthetic using only chemicals or non-synthetic using raw materials, and by their purpose as general purpose supporting many microbes, differential identifying microbes, or selective permitting only certain types of growth. Quantification methods include plate counts where diluted samples are plated and colonies counted to determine original cell numbers, and turbidimetry where optical density correlates to cell concentration.
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dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
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Practical microbiology 2
- 1. PRACTICAL MICROBIOLOGY Sterilization, Disinfection , and Antisepsis. The use of Microscope.
- 3. Sterilization Is the removal of all microbes, including endosores. Can be achieved by mechanical means, heat , chemicals or radiation.
- 5. • Is the process of eliminates most or all microorganisms, with the exception of Endospores. Disinfection Disinfection High level disinfectants Intermediate level disinfectants Low level disinfectants
- 6. • Is the process of destroying or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms in or on living tissue and can also be referred as biocides. Antiseptics
- 7. • Mechanical methods such as scrubbing with a brush are most commonly, but alternatively alcohol-based rubs are also used for hand disinfection. Disinfection of Hands
- 8. The use of Microscope
- 9. The oil immersion objective
- 10. Oil and glass have the same refractive index