Solution to upgrade stereo microscope to fluorescence microscope observing GFP, mCherry and DAPI. Mshot stereo fluorescence illuminator for Olympus, Nikon, Leica and Zeiss stereomicroscopy.
Principles and application of light, phase constrast and fluorescence microscopeMaitriThakor
This document provides an overview of three types of microscopes: light microscopes, phase contrast microscopes, and fluorescence microscopes. It describes the basic principles and components of each microscope type and their applications. Light microscopes use lenses to magnify specimens and are used widely in biology to study cells. Phase contrast microscopes convert phase differences in light passing through specimens into brightness variations, allowing visualization of transparent structures. Fluorescence microscopes use fluorescent dyes and specific wavelengths of light to enhance contrast and study labeled structures within cells.
Spectrophotometer-MiniScan EZ by HunterLabSohail AD
The document discusses the MiniScan EZ spectrophotometer by HunterLab. It is a portable spectrophotometer that provides accurate color measurements similar to benchtop models. It uses a pulsed xenon lamp and dual-beam technology to measure reflectance across a 400-700nm range with high resolution. The MiniScan EZ is suitable for color quality control in industries like textiles, plastics, paints and others where color is important. It provides measurements of color scales like CIE L*a*b* in under 2 seconds.
The document describes a new NanoESCA system that provides high spatial resolution chemical imaging and spectroscopy capabilities. It uses an innovative double imaging energy analyzer (IDEA) design based on elliptical orbital theory that enables high energy resolution without aberrations. Initial characterization measurements using synchrotron and laboratory sources demonstrated spectroscopy and imaging in UPS and XPS modes with lateral resolution below 20 nm. The system offers potential for advances in nanoscale chemical analysis.
Introduction of Advanced PhotoDetector - Quantum Efficiency System(APD-QE)Enlitech
Introduction of Advanced PhotoDetector - Quantum Efficiency System(APD-QE)
Original link:https://enlitechnology.com/home/products/photo-detector-testing/apd-qe/
*About Enlitech
Enlitech was founded in March 2009.
The core technologies include artificial light source and spectrum analyzing technique.Enlitech’s four main product markets include image sensor testing solutions, advanced photoelectric detector testing systems, quantum efficiency test solutions, and various light simulators.
Our popular products are QER and SS-X solar simulator. If you are interested, please visit the official website to understand more!
https://enlitechnology.com/
The document provides an overview of confocal microscopy. It discusses the history, starting with Minsky's invention of the confocal microscope in 1957. The instrumental design uses a pinhole to reject out-of-focus light and produce optical sections through a specimen. The principle involves illuminating a point on the specimen with a laser and detecting the resulting fluorescence through a pinhole, rejecting out-of-focus light. Applications include analyzing thick fluorescent specimens, 3D reconstruction, and improved resolution over conventional microscopy. Advantages are uniform illumination and better optical sections while limitations include resolution and photobleaching.
This document discusses night vision technology and infrared light. It provides information on the different types of infrared light including near infrared, mid infrared, and thermal infrared. It explains how night vision goggles and thermal imaging cameras work by amplifying or detecting low levels of infrared light that are invisible to the naked eye but allow the user to see in dark conditions. Applications of night vision technology include military, law enforcement, hunting, and security/surveillance.
This document discusses night vision technology. It begins with an introduction and overview of the basics. It then explains that night vision allows humans to see in low-light conditions by amplifying available light or detecting infrared light. It describes how night vision works using either image intensification, which amplifies light using photocathodes, microchannel plates and phosphor screens, or thermal imaging, which detects infrared radiation emitted by objects. The document outlines the main applications of night vision technology and different generations of night vision equipment before concluding with a discussion of the significance of this technology.
Principles and application of light, phase constrast and fluorescence microscopeMaitriThakor
This document provides an overview of three types of microscopes: light microscopes, phase contrast microscopes, and fluorescence microscopes. It describes the basic principles and components of each microscope type and their applications. Light microscopes use lenses to magnify specimens and are used widely in biology to study cells. Phase contrast microscopes convert phase differences in light passing through specimens into brightness variations, allowing visualization of transparent structures. Fluorescence microscopes use fluorescent dyes and specific wavelengths of light to enhance contrast and study labeled structures within cells.
Spectrophotometer-MiniScan EZ by HunterLabSohail AD
The document discusses the MiniScan EZ spectrophotometer by HunterLab. It is a portable spectrophotometer that provides accurate color measurements similar to benchtop models. It uses a pulsed xenon lamp and dual-beam technology to measure reflectance across a 400-700nm range with high resolution. The MiniScan EZ is suitable for color quality control in industries like textiles, plastics, paints and others where color is important. It provides measurements of color scales like CIE L*a*b* in under 2 seconds.
The document describes a new NanoESCA system that provides high spatial resolution chemical imaging and spectroscopy capabilities. It uses an innovative double imaging energy analyzer (IDEA) design based on elliptical orbital theory that enables high energy resolution without aberrations. Initial characterization measurements using synchrotron and laboratory sources demonstrated spectroscopy and imaging in UPS and XPS modes with lateral resolution below 20 nm. The system offers potential for advances in nanoscale chemical analysis.
Introduction of Advanced PhotoDetector - Quantum Efficiency System(APD-QE)Enlitech
Introduction of Advanced PhotoDetector - Quantum Efficiency System(APD-QE)
Original link:https://enlitechnology.com/home/products/photo-detector-testing/apd-qe/
*About Enlitech
Enlitech was founded in March 2009.
The core technologies include artificial light source and spectrum analyzing technique.Enlitech’s four main product markets include image sensor testing solutions, advanced photoelectric detector testing systems, quantum efficiency test solutions, and various light simulators.
Our popular products are QER and SS-X solar simulator. If you are interested, please visit the official website to understand more!
https://enlitechnology.com/
The document provides an overview of confocal microscopy. It discusses the history, starting with Minsky's invention of the confocal microscope in 1957. The instrumental design uses a pinhole to reject out-of-focus light and produce optical sections through a specimen. The principle involves illuminating a point on the specimen with a laser and detecting the resulting fluorescence through a pinhole, rejecting out-of-focus light. Applications include analyzing thick fluorescent specimens, 3D reconstruction, and improved resolution over conventional microscopy. Advantages are uniform illumination and better optical sections while limitations include resolution and photobleaching.
This document discusses night vision technology and infrared light. It provides information on the different types of infrared light including near infrared, mid infrared, and thermal infrared. It explains how night vision goggles and thermal imaging cameras work by amplifying or detecting low levels of infrared light that are invisible to the naked eye but allow the user to see in dark conditions. Applications of night vision technology include military, law enforcement, hunting, and security/surveillance.
This document discusses night vision technology. It begins with an introduction and overview of the basics. It then explains that night vision allows humans to see in low-light conditions by amplifying available light or detecting infrared light. It describes how night vision works using either image intensification, which amplifies light using photocathodes, microchannel plates and phosphor screens, or thermal imaging, which detects infrared radiation emitted by objects. The document outlines the main applications of night vision technology and different generations of night vision equipment before concluding with a discussion of the significance of this technology.
Sir George Stokes first observed fluorescence in the mineral fluorspar when it was illuminated with ultraviolet light in the mid-19th century. He coined the term "fluorescence" to describe this phenomenon. A fluorescence microscope uses a high intensity light source to excite fluorescent molecules in a stained sample, which then emit light of a longer wavelength to produce a magnified image, whereas a conventional microscope uses visible light alone.
The word ‘Night vision’ itself means the ability to see in low light conditions. Humans have poor night vision compared to many other animals.So we all might have a question in our mind that is this really possible to see in the dark night
This document summarizes a seminar on night vision technology presented by Rabinath Jha. It begins with an introduction to night vision and how humans are not well adapted for low light conditions. It then covers the basic science of infrared light and how night vision devices use active imaging or thermal imaging to detect infrared light and amplify images. Key points covered include the different types of infrared light, how image intensification and thermal imaging work, and common applications of night vision technology such as in the military, law enforcement, and wildlife observation.
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) uses an electron beam to produce highly magnified images of very small specimens. It works by passing electrons through a thin specimen, and its high resolution allows it to view structures as small as viruses. TEM consists of an electron gun, image producing system with lenses, and an image recording system. It has applications in fields like medicine, materials science, and nanotechnology for viewing cell structures, bacteria, and nanoparticles. TEM provides powerful magnification and high-quality images but is also expensive to operate and maintain.
This seminar discusses night vision technology, including how it works and its applications. There are two main types of night vision: image enhancement and thermal imaging. Image enhancement amplifies available light using an image intensifier tube to make objects visible, while thermal imaging detects infrared radiation emitted as heat from objects. Night vision provides enhanced vision in low-light conditions and has military, law enforcement, and civilian uses such as hunting and wildlife observation.
This document discusses types of night vision technology, including image intensifiers and thermal imaging. It describes how image intensifiers work by amplifying ambient light using a cathode, microchannel plate, and phosphor screen to produce a visible image. Thermal imaging detects infrared radiation emitted by objects and displays it in various colors based on temperature. Common night vision devices include scopes, goggles, and cameras, which are used for applications like wildlife observation, security, and military purposes. The advantages of night vision technology are the ability to see in low-light conditions and its small size, light weight, and low power requirements.
By studying the iridescent scales of the Morpho butterfly could inspire a new, affordable technology that absorbs the IR photons and gives an optical readout.
TEM uses electron beams to image materials at high magnifications and resolutions. It works by transmitting electrons through a thin sample and forming an image from the electrons. Different imaging modes like bright field and dark field are used by selecting certain electron signals using an aperture. Electron diffraction is also possible, allowing analysis of crystal structures and orientations. Sample preparation into thin foils is important. TEM can reveal details of microstructures like defects, phases, and interfaces.
Examples of Various Imaging Techniques- SEM, AFM, TEM and FluorescenceJacob Feste
This document summarizes an experiment using SEM and AFM microscopy to image and characterize multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). SEM imaging provided estimated diameters of 60.9nm and lengths of 3.21um for the MWCNTs. AFM imaging was unsuccessful likely due to errors in MWCNT preparation that left unwanted material like calcium carbonate binding to the nanotubes, interfering with AFM parameter adjustments needed for clear imaging. While SEM imaging worked as expected for the conductive carbon nanotubes, AFM imaging requires a more uniform sample to produce high-quality images.
Night vision technology allows humans to see in low light conditions using either image intensification or thermal imaging. Image intensification works by amplifying existing light so that the user can see farther on a moonless night than with the naked eye. There are three main types of night vision devices: scopes, goggles, and cameras, which are used for military operations, hunting, security, and navigation applications. While night vision provides advantages for seeing in darkness, its initial costs can be high.
The document discusses the development of a Littrow spectrograph and its advantages over a classical spectrograph. It describes using the Littrow configuration to enable amateur astronomers to conduct research through spectroscopy. Details are provided on constructing the spectrograph, aligning it, and obtaining spectra of various astronomical objects using a DSLR camera mounted to a telescope.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) uses a scanning electron microscope to inspect specimen topographies at high magnifications. SEM works by focusing a beam of electrons onto a specimen, causing secondary electrons to dislodge and be collected to form an image. Magnifications can exceed 300,000x but most semiconductor applications require less than 3,000x. SEM is used to analyze defects on device surfaces. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) works by transmitting an electron beam through a thin specimen. The electron intensity distribution behind the specimen is magnified and viewed on a screen or captured digitally. TEM provides higher resolution than SEM and is used to examine ultrastructures of biological specimens like mitochondria at high magnifications.
Fluorescence microscopy uses fluorescent dyes and ultraviolet light to study samples. When exposed to UV light, the dyes become excited and emit light of longer wavelengths. The microscope filters out the UV light and passes the emitted light through to view fluorescent specimens. Applications include using fluorescent dyes to tag and identify microbes, parasites, and antigens or antibodies in immunofluorescence techniques.
A fluorescence microscope uses fluorescence to enhance its capabilities beyond a regular light microscope. It illuminates samples tagged with fluorescent dyes with high-energy light, which causes the dyes to emit lower-energy light, producing a magnified image. This allows visualization of cell structures and live/dead cell assays. Advanced fluorescence microscopes like confocal microscopes can generate high-resolution 3D images of sample depths using lasers and image reconstruction software. Key applications include imaging cellular components, viability studies, and fluorescence in situ hybridization.
It is well-known that laparoscopy is the consequence of advances made in the field of medical engineering. Each surgical specialty has different requirement of instruments. Laparoscopy was initially criticized owing to the cost of specialized instruments and possible complications due to these sharp long instruments.
This document discusses electron beam lithography. It begins with an introduction and overview of electron beam lithography, explaining that it uses a beam of electrons to selectively expose and develop a resist film in order to create very small structures. It then provides a schematic of the electron beam lithography process and describes the lithography process steps. The document also covers the advantages of high resolution and no diffraction limit but disadvantages of low throughput and high costs. It includes details on electron beam sources and lenses used.
Seminar on night vision technology pptdeepakmarndi
ppt of night vission technology. this is made under the guidance of teacher. withe this report also given in theis side. main things report is given according to the ppt...........
The pdf contain all the information of various technique ,such as chromatography,spectroscopy,centrifugation,electrophoresis special thanks to Dr.Rambir Singh for helping out the topics easily.Contact for help or suggestion @7985214648 whattapp only
Eye microscopy and electron microscopy include differentiation and reflection. Retraction of magnetic fields/electron beams that interact with the image. As well as the scattering of scattered rays or other signals to create the image.
This procedure can be done by inserting a wide-field light sample or by scanning a fine beam over the sample. A microscopy scan probe involves. The interaction of the scanning probe with the surface of the object of interest.
Advances in microscopy transformed living things and exposed the field of histology. And so remain an important strategy for health and natural science.
X-ray microscopy is three-dimensional and unobtrusive. Allowing for repeated photographing of the same sample in situ or 4D subjects. And provides the ability to "see". The sample is readable before devoting it to advanced correction techniques.
The 3D X-ray microscope uses a computed tomography technique, rotating the sample. By 360 degrees and reconstructing images. CT is usually done with a flat panel display. The 3D X-ray microscope uses a series of objectives, e.g., from 4X to 40X, and can include a flat panel.
History of Microscopy
The field of the microscope dates back to at least the 17th century. Early mirrors, single-lens magnifying glasses with limited size. Back to the widespread use of eyeglasses in the 13th century. But the most advanced microscopes first appeared in Europe around 1620 Early.
Microscope doctors included Galileo Galilei, who was discovered in 1610. That he could turn off his telescope to see small objects nearby. And Cornelis Drebbel. Who may have invented the compact microscope in about 1620?
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek developed a simple magnifying microscope. In the 1670s and is often regarded as the first acclaimed microscopist and microbiologist.
Microscope Uses
to view bacteria, parasites, and a variety of human/animal cells
cellular process, cell division
DNA replication
tissue analysis
examining forensic evidence
studying the role of a protein within a cell
studying atomic structures
And in what way are bacteria able to infect human cells, then we use a microscope to study them all. Those studies are done at the micro-level.
We use a microscope to perform the kind of study that we cannot see with the naked eye.
Microscope component
Light
Lence
Optical/Light Microscopy
Bright Field Microscopy
Dark Field Microscopy
Confocal Microscopy
Phase Contrast Microscopy
Fluorescence Microscopy
Electron microscopy
Transmission Electron Microscopy
Scanning Electron Microscopy
Scanning Probe Microscopy
The resolving power of a microscope means
Sir George Stokes first observed fluorescence in the mineral fluorspar when it was illuminated with ultraviolet light in the mid-19th century. He coined the term "fluorescence" to describe this phenomenon. A fluorescence microscope uses a high intensity light source to excite fluorescent molecules in a stained sample, which then emit light of a longer wavelength to produce a magnified image, whereas a conventional microscope uses visible light alone.
The word ‘Night vision’ itself means the ability to see in low light conditions. Humans have poor night vision compared to many other animals.So we all might have a question in our mind that is this really possible to see in the dark night
This document summarizes a seminar on night vision technology presented by Rabinath Jha. It begins with an introduction to night vision and how humans are not well adapted for low light conditions. It then covers the basic science of infrared light and how night vision devices use active imaging or thermal imaging to detect infrared light and amplify images. Key points covered include the different types of infrared light, how image intensification and thermal imaging work, and common applications of night vision technology such as in the military, law enforcement, and wildlife observation.
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) uses an electron beam to produce highly magnified images of very small specimens. It works by passing electrons through a thin specimen, and its high resolution allows it to view structures as small as viruses. TEM consists of an electron gun, image producing system with lenses, and an image recording system. It has applications in fields like medicine, materials science, and nanotechnology for viewing cell structures, bacteria, and nanoparticles. TEM provides powerful magnification and high-quality images but is also expensive to operate and maintain.
This seminar discusses night vision technology, including how it works and its applications. There are two main types of night vision: image enhancement and thermal imaging. Image enhancement amplifies available light using an image intensifier tube to make objects visible, while thermal imaging detects infrared radiation emitted as heat from objects. Night vision provides enhanced vision in low-light conditions and has military, law enforcement, and civilian uses such as hunting and wildlife observation.
This document discusses types of night vision technology, including image intensifiers and thermal imaging. It describes how image intensifiers work by amplifying ambient light using a cathode, microchannel plate, and phosphor screen to produce a visible image. Thermal imaging detects infrared radiation emitted by objects and displays it in various colors based on temperature. Common night vision devices include scopes, goggles, and cameras, which are used for applications like wildlife observation, security, and military purposes. The advantages of night vision technology are the ability to see in low-light conditions and its small size, light weight, and low power requirements.
By studying the iridescent scales of the Morpho butterfly could inspire a new, affordable technology that absorbs the IR photons and gives an optical readout.
TEM uses electron beams to image materials at high magnifications and resolutions. It works by transmitting electrons through a thin sample and forming an image from the electrons. Different imaging modes like bright field and dark field are used by selecting certain electron signals using an aperture. Electron diffraction is also possible, allowing analysis of crystal structures and orientations. Sample preparation into thin foils is important. TEM can reveal details of microstructures like defects, phases, and interfaces.
Examples of Various Imaging Techniques- SEM, AFM, TEM and FluorescenceJacob Feste
This document summarizes an experiment using SEM and AFM microscopy to image and characterize multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). SEM imaging provided estimated diameters of 60.9nm and lengths of 3.21um for the MWCNTs. AFM imaging was unsuccessful likely due to errors in MWCNT preparation that left unwanted material like calcium carbonate binding to the nanotubes, interfering with AFM parameter adjustments needed for clear imaging. While SEM imaging worked as expected for the conductive carbon nanotubes, AFM imaging requires a more uniform sample to produce high-quality images.
Night vision technology allows humans to see in low light conditions using either image intensification or thermal imaging. Image intensification works by amplifying existing light so that the user can see farther on a moonless night than with the naked eye. There are three main types of night vision devices: scopes, goggles, and cameras, which are used for military operations, hunting, security, and navigation applications. While night vision provides advantages for seeing in darkness, its initial costs can be high.
The document discusses the development of a Littrow spectrograph and its advantages over a classical spectrograph. It describes using the Littrow configuration to enable amateur astronomers to conduct research through spectroscopy. Details are provided on constructing the spectrograph, aligning it, and obtaining spectra of various astronomical objects using a DSLR camera mounted to a telescope.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) uses a scanning electron microscope to inspect specimen topographies at high magnifications. SEM works by focusing a beam of electrons onto a specimen, causing secondary electrons to dislodge and be collected to form an image. Magnifications can exceed 300,000x but most semiconductor applications require less than 3,000x. SEM is used to analyze defects on device surfaces. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) works by transmitting an electron beam through a thin specimen. The electron intensity distribution behind the specimen is magnified and viewed on a screen or captured digitally. TEM provides higher resolution than SEM and is used to examine ultrastructures of biological specimens like mitochondria at high magnifications.
Fluorescence microscopy uses fluorescent dyes and ultraviolet light to study samples. When exposed to UV light, the dyes become excited and emit light of longer wavelengths. The microscope filters out the UV light and passes the emitted light through to view fluorescent specimens. Applications include using fluorescent dyes to tag and identify microbes, parasites, and antigens or antibodies in immunofluorescence techniques.
A fluorescence microscope uses fluorescence to enhance its capabilities beyond a regular light microscope. It illuminates samples tagged with fluorescent dyes with high-energy light, which causes the dyes to emit lower-energy light, producing a magnified image. This allows visualization of cell structures and live/dead cell assays. Advanced fluorescence microscopes like confocal microscopes can generate high-resolution 3D images of sample depths using lasers and image reconstruction software. Key applications include imaging cellular components, viability studies, and fluorescence in situ hybridization.
It is well-known that laparoscopy is the consequence of advances made in the field of medical engineering. Each surgical specialty has different requirement of instruments. Laparoscopy was initially criticized owing to the cost of specialized instruments and possible complications due to these sharp long instruments.
This document discusses electron beam lithography. It begins with an introduction and overview of electron beam lithography, explaining that it uses a beam of electrons to selectively expose and develop a resist film in order to create very small structures. It then provides a schematic of the electron beam lithography process and describes the lithography process steps. The document also covers the advantages of high resolution and no diffraction limit but disadvantages of low throughput and high costs. It includes details on electron beam sources and lenses used.
Seminar on night vision technology pptdeepakmarndi
ppt of night vission technology. this is made under the guidance of teacher. withe this report also given in theis side. main things report is given according to the ppt...........
The pdf contain all the information of various technique ,such as chromatography,spectroscopy,centrifugation,electrophoresis special thanks to Dr.Rambir Singh for helping out the topics easily.Contact for help or suggestion @7985214648 whattapp only
Eye microscopy and electron microscopy include differentiation and reflection. Retraction of magnetic fields/electron beams that interact with the image. As well as the scattering of scattered rays or other signals to create the image.
This procedure can be done by inserting a wide-field light sample or by scanning a fine beam over the sample. A microscopy scan probe involves. The interaction of the scanning probe with the surface of the object of interest.
Advances in microscopy transformed living things and exposed the field of histology. And so remain an important strategy for health and natural science.
X-ray microscopy is three-dimensional and unobtrusive. Allowing for repeated photographing of the same sample in situ or 4D subjects. And provides the ability to "see". The sample is readable before devoting it to advanced correction techniques.
The 3D X-ray microscope uses a computed tomography technique, rotating the sample. By 360 degrees and reconstructing images. CT is usually done with a flat panel display. The 3D X-ray microscope uses a series of objectives, e.g., from 4X to 40X, and can include a flat panel.
History of Microscopy
The field of the microscope dates back to at least the 17th century. Early mirrors, single-lens magnifying glasses with limited size. Back to the widespread use of eyeglasses in the 13th century. But the most advanced microscopes first appeared in Europe around 1620 Early.
Microscope doctors included Galileo Galilei, who was discovered in 1610. That he could turn off his telescope to see small objects nearby. And Cornelis Drebbel. Who may have invented the compact microscope in about 1620?
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek developed a simple magnifying microscope. In the 1670s and is often regarded as the first acclaimed microscopist and microbiologist.
Microscope Uses
to view bacteria, parasites, and a variety of human/animal cells
cellular process, cell division
DNA replication
tissue analysis
examining forensic evidence
studying the role of a protein within a cell
studying atomic structures
And in what way are bacteria able to infect human cells, then we use a microscope to study them all. Those studies are done at the micro-level.
We use a microscope to perform the kind of study that we cannot see with the naked eye.
Microscope component
Light
Lence
Optical/Light Microscopy
Bright Field Microscopy
Dark Field Microscopy
Confocal Microscopy
Phase Contrast Microscopy
Fluorescence Microscopy
Electron microscopy
Transmission Electron Microscopy
Scanning Electron Microscopy
Scanning Probe Microscopy
The resolving power of a microscope means
Confocal microscopy was invented by Marvin Minsky in 1957 and aims to improve resolution over traditional microscopy. It uses point illumination and a pinhole to exclude out-of-focus light and produce thin optical sections and high-contrast images. The key components are a laser light source, dichromatic mirror, pinholes, and photodetector. Confocal microscopy finds applications in cell biology and materials science by allowing optical sectioning and 3D reconstruction. It provides advantages like non-invasiveness, live cell imaging, and depth analysis, but has disadvantages such as photobleaching and loss of intensity.
This document discusses different types of microscopes, including their history, parts, uses, and key features. It describes:
1) The early compound microscope invented by Jansen, capable of 3-9x magnification. Compound microscopes can magnify 40-1000x and have a resolution of 0.25um.
2) Electron microscopes, which use electron beams rather than light and have much higher resolutions of 1-10nm. Scanning electron microscopes provide 3D images while transmission electron microscopes have higher magnification but only show black and white 2D images.
3) Other microscope types like binocular, darkfield, and phase contrast microscopes and their applications in biology research. Pre
Introduction to microscopy
Different parts of a microscope & their function
Different types of microscopy
Different types of optical microscopy
Different types of electron microscopy
Different terms used in microscopy
Staining- Simple, Differential, Special
Gram Staining
Confocal microscopy is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of adding a spatial pinhole placed at the confocal plane of the lens to eliminate out-of-focus light.
Bright-field microscopy is the simplest of all the optical microscopy illumination techniques. Sample illumination is transmitted (i.e., illuminated from below and observed from above) white light and contrast in the sample is caused by absorbance of some of the transmitted light in dense areas of the sample.
The document discusses microscopy techniques. It begins by defining microscopy as the technique of viewing tiny objects that are too small to see with the naked eye. It then covers the basic principles of microscopy including resolution, magnification, and illumination. The major components of light microscopes are described as the light source, stand, stage, objective lens, and eyepiece lens. Different types of light microscopes are outlined including brightfield, darkfield, phase contrast, and fluorescence microscopes. Applications of microscopy in various fields like molecular imaging, cellular imaging, and biomedical engineering are also summarized.
Confocal microscopy is an optical imaging technique that increases resolution and contrast in micrographs. It works by using a pinhole to block out-of-focus light and only allow focused light to be detected. This allows the reconstruction of 3D structures from multiple 2D images taken at different depths. Key components include a laser, mirrors to direct the laser light, a pinhole aperture, and detector. It works by scanning a focused point of laser light across the sample and detecting the emitted light through the pinhole from in-focus points only. This provides advantages like better resolution and ability to collect 3D image data. Confocal microscopy has applications in fields like biology, materials science, and semiconductor inspection.
The document discusses different types of microscopes, including compound microscopes and stereomicroscopes. It describes the key parts and principles of operation. Compound microscopes use multiple lenses to magnify specimens and provide a two-dimensional image. Stereomicroscopes use two optical paths to provide a three-dimensional view of surface details. Examples of uses include biology studies, forensics, manufacturing quality control, and more. The document also discusses who may have invented the compound microscope and provides references for further reading.
The document summarizes the history and components of the confocal microscope. It describes how the confocal microscope was initially conceived in the 1950s but lacked the necessary light sources and computing power. Work in the late 1960s adapted the original concept and allowed for the examination of unstained brain and ganglion cells. Further developments in lasers and computing through the 1980s led to more practical confocal microscopes. Modern confocal microscopes integrate optics, detectors, computers and lasers to produce high-resolution 3D electronic images of samples. Confocal microscopes are now used across various fields including biology and medicine.
The stereo microscope is an optical microscope variant designed for low magnification observation of surface samples. It has three key parts: a viewing head/body that houses optical components, a focus block that attaches the head to the stand, and a luminous stand that supports the microscope. Stereo microscopes provide an erect, three-dimensional perspective and are used for applications like insect dissection, microsurgery, watchmaking, and commercial inspection tasks.
Microscope and Microscopy
Principal , Function & Difference of various types of Light & Electron microscope.Microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view samples & objects that cannot be seen with the unaided eye (objects that are not within the resolution range of the normal eye).
Microscopists explore the relationships between structures & properties for a very wide variety of materials ranging from soft to very hard, from inanimate materials to living organisms, in order to better understand it. Zachariaz Janssen 1585 Robert Hooks 1665
Joseph Jackson Lister1830
170male reproductive systemmale reproductive system
xtestis is covered by three layers (from
outside to inwards):
̞visceral layer of tunica vaginalis:
̎it is lined by flat mesothelial cells.ons of seminiferous tubules lined by spermatogonia, primary and secondary
xThese tight junctions form the blood–testis
barrier.
xThe tight junction divides the intercellular
compartment between the Sertoli cells
into basal and luminal compartment.
xBasal compartment contains spermato
gonia and primary spermatocytes.
xLuminal compartment contains secondary
spermatocytes and spermatids (Fig. 19.5).
Functions of Sertoli Cells
xSertoli cells provide support and nutrition
to spermatogenic cells.
xThe bloodtestis barrier protects the
spermatogenic cells from the harmful
substances (antigens) of blood.
xThey phagocytose the residual bodies.
xSertoli cells secrete androgen-binding
protein (ABP), which concentrates the
testosterone.
xIn fetal testis, Sertoli cells produce anti
mullerian hormone, which inhibits the
development of mullerian duct.
xSertoli cells are nondividing cells, highly
resistant to infection, malnutrition, and
radiation.
xThese produce inhibin, which inhibits the
secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone
(FSH).
Interstitial Cells of Leydig
xThese are large polyhedral cells lying in
the connective tissue between seminif
erous tubules.
xThese are pale staining cells with eccen
tric nucleus and cytoplasm shows unique
needleshaped crystalline inclusion
(Reinke’s crystal).
spermatocytes, spermatids, and sperms are seen.
2.Sertoli cells are seen in between the spermatogenic cells.
3.Interstitial ces of Leydig are seen in between the seminiferous tubules.
xThey secrete testoster
̞tunica albuginea:
̎it is a thin layer of connective tissue
containing collagen, blood vessels,
and lymphatics.
̎along the posterior border, tunica
albuginea is thickened to form medi
astinum testis.
̎septa arising from the mediastinum
testis divide the substance of the
testis into 200 to 300 lobules.
̎each lobule contains one to four
seminiferous tubules.
̎seminiferous tubules contain coiled
part in the front and straight part
behind.
̎straight part enters the medi
astinum testis where it joins and
forms a network called as rete testis.
̎from the upper end of rete testis
12 to 14 efferent ductules arise and
enter the epididymis.
̞tunica vasculosa:
̎highly vascularized connective
tissue which covers the individual
lobule.
microscopic structure
oftestis
seminiferous tubule
xthere are 400 to 600 seminiferous tubules
in each testis.
xeach tubule is surrounded by a basal
lamina supported by connective tissue
which contains muscle-like myoid cells.
xcontraction of myoid cells helps to move
the spermatozoa along the tubule.
xeach seminiferous tubule is lined by
stratified seminiferous epithelium which
contains spermatogenic cells and sertoli
cells(figs. 19.2and19.3).
fig. 19.2diagram of testis (h&e pencil). h&e, hematoxylin and eosin. 3.Interstitia
Types of Light Microscopes used in Histological Studies.pptxssuserab552f
Light microscopes relies on glass lenses and visible light to magnify tissue samples. It was
invented in XVII century, and has been improved over the years, resulting in the powerful
modern light microscopes. As individual cellular structures are too small to be seen by the
human eye, microscopy techniques have played a key role in the development of
histological techniques.
This document provides information about microscopy. It begins by defining microscopy and explaining that microscopes are used to view microorganisms that are too small to see with the naked eye. It then discusses the history and basic principles of microscopy, including magnification, resolution, and numerical aperture. The document outlines the key parts of the microscope and describes different types of microscopes in more detail, including light microscopes (brightfield, darkfield, fluorescence, phase contrast, UV) and electron microscopes (TEM, SEM). It provides examples of how each type of microscope is used.
i am HAFIZ M WASEEM from mailsi vehari
BSc in science college Multan Pakistan
MSC university of education Lahore Pakistan
I love Pakistan and my teachers
Microscope ppt, by jitendra kumar pandey,medical micro,2nd yr, mgm medical co...jitendra Pandey
The document summarizes different types of microscopes used to study microorganisms. It discusses light microscopes like brightfield, darkfield and phase contrast microscopes. It also describes electron microscopes like transmission electron microscopes (TEM) and scanning electron microscopes (SEM) that use electron beams instead of light. TEM images internal structures by transmitting electrons through thin samples while SEM scans sample surfaces using secondary electrons. Sample preparation methods for both light and electron microscopy are also outlined.
The document discusses telescopes and microscopes. It describes that telescopes use lenses or mirrors to magnify distant objects and make them appear closer. The two main types of telescopes are refracting and reflecting. Microscopes are used to view objects too small to be seen by the naked eye and the two primary types are optical and electron microscopes. Optical microscopes use lenses and light to magnify, while electron microscopes like transmission and scanning electron microscopes use focused electron beams instead of light.
The catalog contains all of Mshot products line, including optical microscope, LED fluorescence illuminator, microscope camera, thermal plate and other accessories.
Similar to Stereo microscope fluorescence illumination solution (20)
Mshot brochure 2023 - microscope and accessories .pdfMicro-shot
Micro-shot is a Chinese microscope and accessories manufacturer, and it is the leader in fluorescence microscopy. The brand is MSHOT. The brochure contains MSHOT microscopes and accessories. More welcome to visit website www.m-shot.com
MSHOT microscope imaging analysis software V1.3 is a full functional laboratory microscope image analysis system, it is outstanding of fluorescence processing functions.
Mshot LED fluorescence illuminator introduction - looking for distributorMicro-shot
Mshot LED fluorescence illuminator is used for bright field microscope upgrade to fluorescence microscope, such as Olympus CX43-LED. it is a cost effective entry level fluorescence microscope light source solution. Well works for Olympus, Nikon,Leica and Zeiss.
MF31-RB LED fluorescence microscope is used to for tuberculosis sputum slide quick diagnose, such as Zeiss iLED function. Offer 420nm~480nm excitation for Auramine O fluorescein.
MF31-UV is a fluorescence microscope with UV LED light source offer 330~380nm excitation, good to use for DAPI stained silde, such as fungus diagnostic.
The MF31 series fluorescence microscope from Guangzhou Micro-shot Technology Co., Ltd. is a single or multi-color microscope that provides bright field and fluorescence capabilities. It uses LED illumination for both transmitted light and up to three-color fluorescence excitation. Key features include an infinity optical system, trinocular observation tube, interchangeable objectives from 4x to 100x, mechanical stage, focus controls, and optional cameras. Applications include tuberculosis diagnosis, dermatology, education, and research using stains such as GFP, FITC, and DAPI.
Mshot Imaging Analysis System is a professional microscope imaging analysis software for Mshot microscope camera, it has powerful functions and compatible to main Windows OS. Prefer to use by Olympus, Nikon, Leica and Zeiss microscope users.
This document summarizes the products and services offered by a microscope company. They provide LED illumination sources for upright, inverted, and stereo microscopes with excitation wavelengths from 380nm to 560nm. They also offer CCD, CMOS, and sCMOS cameras ranging from 3 to 42 megapixels. In addition to microscopes, the company supplies camera adapters, imaging software, and various accessories. They have grown from initially servicing microscope users in 2003 to employing over 50 people and selling products worldwide by 2017.
Mshot MG wide brand illuminator is high power LED light source for fluorescence microscope, offer multiple wavelength fluorescence excitation. Workable for Olympus, Nikon, Leica and Zeiss. More information welcome contact sales@m-shot.com
Led fluorescence attachment for Upright microscopeMicro-shot
Led fluorescence attachment (illumination) for Upright microscope
1 color module: B/G/UV/V optional
2 color module: B, G
3 color module: B,G,UV
4 color module: G, G, UV, V
You can also contact us for customize
Upgrading conventional microscope to bright field and fluorescent observation function.
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
BREEDING METHODS FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE.pptxRASHMI M G
Plant breeding for disease resistance is a strategy to reduce crop losses caused by disease. Plants have an innate immune system that allows them to recognize pathogens and provide resistance. However, breeding for long-lasting resistance often involves combining multiple resistance genes
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Nucleophilic Addition of carbonyl compounds.pptxSSR02
Nucleophilic addition is the most important reaction of carbonyls. Not just aldehydes and ketones, but also carboxylic acid derivatives in general.
Carbonyls undergo addition reactions with a large range of nucleophiles.
Comparing the relative basicity of the nucleophile and the product is extremely helpful in determining how reversible the addition reaction is. Reactions with Grignards and hydrides are irreversible. Reactions with weak bases like halides and carboxylates generally don’t happen.
Electronic effects (inductive effects, electron donation) have a large impact on reactivity.
Large groups adjacent to the carbonyl will slow the rate of reaction.
Neutral nucleophiles can also add to carbonyls, although their additions are generally slower and more reversible. Acid catalysis is sometimes employed to increase the rate of addition.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
1. Guangzhou Micro-shot Technology Co., Ltd.
www.m-shot.com sales@m-shot.com
Stereo microscope Fluorescence illumination solution
Stereo microscope also is called dissecting microscope is lower zoom magnification times
compared with other type microscopes, it is suitable for whole sample observation (stereo
science) such as zebrafish, drosophila, c.elegans, plant seeds, eggs, embyros, and etc.
Depending on that feature, it is easier to choose objectives and microscope configuration.
Expanding on the basis of stereo microscope to make it functional with fluorescence imaging
function, the most basic configuration is
* Stereo microscope
* Fluorescence illuminator (attachment)
* C-mount adapter
* Microscope camera
Olympus Macro zoom stereo microscope for bright fluorescence
The theory of fluorescence is some object lighting under short wavelength light which has
high energy, will be excited out longer wavelength light, the light shows bright fluorescence
color. In most cases, the sample of interest is labeled with fluorescence dyes and then
illuminated through objective by high energy light lighting from fluorescence illuminator.
2. Guangzhou Micro-shot Technology Co., Ltd.
www.m-shot.com sales@m-shot.com
Image from Researchgate uploaded by Simon Gregersen
Mercury lighting and LED lighting are two normal illuminator for fluorescence microscope
application. Those two illuminator has different advantage and weakness, while considering
universality of stereo fluorescence observation, user safety and experience, environmental
protection and cost, LED lighting is more popular.Mostly known brand stereo fluorescence
microscopes are two German brands (Zeiss and Leica), another two Japan brands (Olympus
and Nikon), they are expensive and therefore workers at lab or facility often share one stereo
fluorescence microscope.
Micro-shot company has designed Mshot brand LED fluorescence illuminator, a less
expensive alternative solution which maintain high quality and allow to use of existing stereo
microscope for stereo fluorescence. To get more information on upgrading your existing
stereo microscope to fluorescence microscope, welcome to contact us.
Mshot MZX-BG-LED stereo fluorescence illuminator
3. Guangzhou Micro-shot Technology Co., Ltd.
www.m-shot.com sales@m-shot.com
* One-stop solution with all accessories needed for stereo fluorescence
* Blue and green two exciting light for mostly used fluorescence dyes GFP, TRITC, PI and
autofluorescence.
* Only three steps to install and use: Take off microscope head - put on Mshot illuminator on
microscope body - put microscope head above on illuminator and fix screw
* Open and close in time, sufficient and safety to laboratory work
* Freely move from different fluorescence observation and bright field observation
With 15 years company history, Micro-shot has serviced for many stereo microscope
fluorescence needed customer on upgrading their existing stereo microscope to
fluorescence.
Olympus SZX7 stereo microscope
Mshot MZX-BG-LED fluorescence illuminator
Mshot microscope camera for fluorescence
Olympus SZX10 stereo microscope
Fish - Zebrash-Egg