MSHOT microscope imaging analysis software V1.3 is a full functional laboratory microscope image analysis system, it is outstanding of fluorescence processing functions.
IRJET- Color Balance and Fusion for Underwater Image Enhancement: SurveyIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on methods for enhancing underwater images. It discusses how underwater images suffer from poor visibility due to light scattering and absorption in water. Several approaches are then summarized that aim to restore and enhance degraded underwater images through techniques like color balance and fusion. Specifically, the document surveys methods that use single-image approaches without specialized hardware by fusing color-compensated and white-balanced versions of the original image. It also discusses other literature on underwater image enhancement through techniques like dehazing, wavelength compensation, and contrast adjustment.
The document discusses sources of distortion in underwater images such as light scattering and color change. It proposes a method called Wavelength Compensation and Dehazing (WCID) to enhance underwater image visibility and color fidelity. WCID uses a hazy image formation model and dark channel prior to estimate depth maps and remove haze. It can also detect and remove effects of artificial light sources. The method is shown to outperform other dehazing techniques in experiments by achieving higher signal-to-noise ratios and more robust performance at different water depths.
The document discusses underwater image enhancement techniques. It states that underwater images suffer from light scattering and color changes that reduce visibility and introduce haze. It proposes using the Wavelength Compensation and Dehazing (WCID) algorithm to enhance underwater images by compensating for these effects. WCID achieves superior visibility and color fidelity over other techniques like dark-channel dehazing. It works by using an underwater image formation model and a residual energy ratio to remove haze and restore clarity. The results show WCID produces the highest signal-to-noise ratio, demonstrating its effectiveness for underwater image enhancement.
The absorption of the light by sea water and light scattering by small particles of underwater environment has become an obstacle of underwater vision researches with camera. It gives impact to the limitation of visibility distances camera in the sea water. The research of 3D reconstruction requires image matching technique to find out the keypoints of image pairs.
SIFT is one of the image matching technique where the quality of image matching depends on the quality of the image. This research proposed HSV conversion image with auto level color correction to increase the number of SIFT image matching. The experimental results show the number of image matching is increase until 4 %.
This document provides an overview of display performance and physics. It discusses various techniques for surface reflection control, including neutral density filters, anti-glare coatings, anti-reflection coatings, and nano coatings. It also examines backlight technologies, liquid crystal properties, and performance measurement standards. Emerging display technologies covered include AMOLED, microLED, quantum dot LED, and flexible OLED displays.
The document discusses various illumination models used in computer graphics including ambient light, point light sources, distributed light sources, Beer Lambert's law, chromaticity diagrams, flat shading, Gouraud shading, the Phong illumination model, and the Ward illumination model. It provides details on how each model calculates light intensity and color values for surfaces and polygons in a 3D scene.
The document defines key photography terminology including shutter speed, ISO, aperture, depth of field, automatic and manual exposure, color balance, composition, the rule of thirds, complementary colors, analogous colors, and macro photography. It provides explanations of what each term is used for and examples.
IRJET- Color Balance and Fusion for Underwater Image Enhancement: SurveyIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on methods for enhancing underwater images. It discusses how underwater images suffer from poor visibility due to light scattering and absorption in water. Several approaches are then summarized that aim to restore and enhance degraded underwater images through techniques like color balance and fusion. Specifically, the document surveys methods that use single-image approaches without specialized hardware by fusing color-compensated and white-balanced versions of the original image. It also discusses other literature on underwater image enhancement through techniques like dehazing, wavelength compensation, and contrast adjustment.
The document discusses sources of distortion in underwater images such as light scattering and color change. It proposes a method called Wavelength Compensation and Dehazing (WCID) to enhance underwater image visibility and color fidelity. WCID uses a hazy image formation model and dark channel prior to estimate depth maps and remove haze. It can also detect and remove effects of artificial light sources. The method is shown to outperform other dehazing techniques in experiments by achieving higher signal-to-noise ratios and more robust performance at different water depths.
The document discusses underwater image enhancement techniques. It states that underwater images suffer from light scattering and color changes that reduce visibility and introduce haze. It proposes using the Wavelength Compensation and Dehazing (WCID) algorithm to enhance underwater images by compensating for these effects. WCID achieves superior visibility and color fidelity over other techniques like dark-channel dehazing. It works by using an underwater image formation model and a residual energy ratio to remove haze and restore clarity. The results show WCID produces the highest signal-to-noise ratio, demonstrating its effectiveness for underwater image enhancement.
The absorption of the light by sea water and light scattering by small particles of underwater environment has become an obstacle of underwater vision researches with camera. It gives impact to the limitation of visibility distances camera in the sea water. The research of 3D reconstruction requires image matching technique to find out the keypoints of image pairs.
SIFT is one of the image matching technique where the quality of image matching depends on the quality of the image. This research proposed HSV conversion image with auto level color correction to increase the number of SIFT image matching. The experimental results show the number of image matching is increase until 4 %.
This document provides an overview of display performance and physics. It discusses various techniques for surface reflection control, including neutral density filters, anti-glare coatings, anti-reflection coatings, and nano coatings. It also examines backlight technologies, liquid crystal properties, and performance measurement standards. Emerging display technologies covered include AMOLED, microLED, quantum dot LED, and flexible OLED displays.
The document discusses various illumination models used in computer graphics including ambient light, point light sources, distributed light sources, Beer Lambert's law, chromaticity diagrams, flat shading, Gouraud shading, the Phong illumination model, and the Ward illumination model. It provides details on how each model calculates light intensity and color values for surfaces and polygons in a 3D scene.
The document defines key photography terminology including shutter speed, ISO, aperture, depth of field, automatic and manual exposure, color balance, composition, the rule of thirds, complementary colors, analogous colors, and macro photography. It provides explanations of what each term is used for and examples.
1) The document proposes using an optical cavity and laser light to replicate the electron phase contrast created by a Zernike phase plate in electron microscopes.
2) They tested two cavity designs - a parabolic cavity and a spherical cavity, selecting the spherical cavity design which provided a higher numerical aperture while maintaining a high finesse.
3) They were able to achieve the necessary laser power and prove the viability of the concept by determining the numerical aperture and finesse of the spherical cavity matched the theoretical requirements.
20120417 IMechE YMS Seminar on Daylighting modeling technique in built-enviro...ekwtsang
This document discusses daylight modeling techniques using global illumination programs like RADIANCE. It introduces key terms like daylight factor and glare index used to assess daylighting. It explains the RADIANCE system and common parameters used to control ambient bounces, divisions and accuracy. It also discusses two common misunderstandings - using a large single surface and applying luminance variation to a non-flattened surface. The document provides an overview of global illumination modeling and the RADIANCE software for daylighting studies.
The document discusses principles of illumination design, including definitions of key terms like luminous flux, solid angle, luminous intensity, and color temperature. It covers factors that affect visual tasks like size, luminance, contrast and glare. Basic definitions are provided for concepts such as candela, utilization factor, depreciation factor, candlepower, and mean horizontal candlepower. The document also discusses the light spectrum, types of lighting (natural vs artificial), light sources, luminous efficiency, and color rendering.
The document discusses different types of telescopes:
- Radio telescopes require very large dishes due to the long wavelengths of radio waves. Their resolving power is lower than optical telescopes so signals from multiple dishes need to be combined.
- Infrared and UV telescopes use mirrors to focus radiation onto detectors, as with optical telescopes, but must be launched into space to observe past the Earth's atmosphere.
- X-ray telescopes use a series of nested grazing incidence mirrors to focus x-rays, which do not reflect like other electromagnetic radiation but are either absorbed or pass through materials.
- The Rayleigh criterion equation defines the minimum resolvable angle of telescopes based on wavelength and diameter
One day short course on Green Building Assessment Methods - Daylight Simulationekwtsang
This document provides an overview of different evaluation methods for daylighting design, including scale model measurement, simplified calculation methods like daylight factor and vertical daylight factor, and sophisticated computational methods like Maxwell's electromagnetic wave theory, radiosity, and ray tracing. It discusses components of the Radiance simulation system like sky description, material description, geometry description, and lighting description. It also covers standard CIE skies, daylighting requirements in LEED and BEAM Plus, and proposes using climate-based daylight modeling to provide long-term annual daylighting performance analysis.
The Abbe number indicates the degree of transverse chromatic aberration that a lens material will produce. It is a measure of a material's dispersion or ability to disperse light of different wavelengths. Materials with a lower Abbe number have higher dispersion and will produce greater chromatic aberration at the periphery of a lens. When prescribing higher-power lenses, those with a higher Abbe number should be chosen to reduce chromatic aberration. Common plastic materials have Abbe numbers ranging from 29-59, with higher values indicating lower dispersion and chromatic aberration.
The document discusses the components of a physically based rendering (PBR) bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model. It describes using split-sum approximation and importance sampling by specular lobe for specular image-based lighting, and Riemann sum on polar coordinates for diffuse image-based lighting. It also mentions using texture maps including albedo, metallic, roughness, normal, ambient occlusion and height maps in a rendering pipeline that includes vertex, hull, domain and pixel shaders.
The document describes implementing Phong shading over polygonal surfaces using OpenGL. Key aspects include reading mesh files to obtain vertex and face data, calculating vertex normals, setting up a light source, and applying the Phong illumination model at each point. Phong shading is computationally expensive but produces higher quality results than Gouraud shading by interpolating normals. The implementation subdivides triangles recursively until the pixel level to apply Phong's equations. Results using pyramid and octahedron meshes demonstrated Phong shading generated superior images compared to Gouraud shading.
Photographic Filter by Dr. Anjandev Biswasadritabiswas
Filters are transparent materials that modify the light passing through camera lenses. There are three main types of filters - glass, optical resin, and gels. The filter factor indicates the amount of exposure adjustment needed to compensate for light absorbed by the filter. Common filters include polarizers, neutral density filters, and graduated neutral density filters which are used to reduce glare, extend exposure times, and control strong light gradients respectively. Special effect filters can produce effects like star bursts, soft focus, and multiple images. Filters are available in screw-in and slot-in versions to fit different lens and holder types.
Shutter speed determines the length of time the camera shutter is open when taking a photo. Faster shutter speeds freeze motion while slower speeds create blur effects. ISO controls the camera sensor's light sensitivity, with higher ISO numbers allowing photos in darker conditions but potentially adding noise. Aperture and depth of field are related, with smaller apertures resulting in greater depth of field and a larger range of focus. White balance settings impact photo colors by adjusting for lighting conditions like daylight or tungsten. Complementary colors are opposite each other on the color wheel, like red and green, while analogous colors are adjacent groups of three. Macro photography captures extremely close subjects to pick up fine details. Composition and the rule of thirds provide
Colour plays an important role in film by conveying different moods and emotions through its use. The colour grading process during post-production allows precise control over the colours in a film by manipulating the lightness, darkness and hue of the footage. Effective colour grading adds meaning and triggers emotional responses in audiences by dominating scenes with certain colour palettes like using reds to create warmth or blues to imply coldness.
Troubleshooting, Designing, & Installing Digital & Analog Closed Circuit TV S...Living Online
The document discusses light and optics, comparing the human eye to a camera. It explains that both have lenses that focus light and sensors (retina for the eye, sensor for the camera) that capture images. However, the eye can automatically focus on objects at different distances, while cameras require manual focus adjustment. It also notes that the eye has a blind spot, but we see a continuous image because information from both eyes is combined in the brain.
This document defines photographic terminology including shutter speed, ISO, aperture, depth of field, manual and automatic exposure, color balance, composition, the rule of thirds, analogous colors, complementary colors, and macro photography. Shutter speed controls image blur with fast speeds producing sharp images and slow speeds creating motion trails. Aperture determines depth of field with wide apertures having shallow depth of field. ISO is the camera's light sensitivity setting.
This document provides an overview and specifications for the X2M Water system asset. It describes the water surface effects including surface depth and color variation, reflection, refraction, and quality phases. The system uses Fresnel equations to vary color with distance from the camera and includes reflection, refraction, and caustics effects. It supports three quality phases for high, middle, and low profiles by adjusting reflection render target size, blur filtering, and enabling/disabling caustics effects.
smallpt: Global Illumination in 99 lines of C++鍾誠 陳鍾誠
This document summarizes Kevin Beason's smallpt, a 99 line path tracer written in C++. It begins with an overview of global illumination and path tracing. It then walks through the key parts of smallpt, including ray and vector classes, sphere intersections, scene description, camera setup, the rendering equation, path tracing algorithm, and functions for diffuse reflection, specular reflection, refraction, and more. The document provides explanations of the algorithms and math concepts used in smallpt.
The document describes the parts of a compound microscope and provides instructions for its proper use. It explains that the microscope should be started on low power and the slide placed on the stage. The user focuses using coarse and fine adjustments before changing objectives to higher powers. Finally, the microscope is returned to low power and turned off after use.
20120328 Technical Seminar on Daylighting Environment in Hong Kongekwtsang
The document summarizes a presentation on daylighting environments in Hong Kong. It discusses the benefits of daylighting, key parameters that affect indoor daylighting like building area and orientation, glass type, window area, shading and external obstructions. It also analyzes the daylighting performances of two commercial buildings in Hong Kong through simulation and compares different assessment criteria used in green building standards like PNAP, LEED and BEAM Plus. The presentation raises questions about spatial daylight autonomy calculations required in the new LEED standards and proposes approaches to address issues like weather data and simulation time.
Shutter speed determines how long the camera's shutter is open when taking a photo, affecting how motion is captured. ISO measures the camera's sensitivity to light, with lower numbers producing higher quality in bright conditions and higher numbers needed for darker scenes. Aperture and depth of field refer to the size of the opening through which light enters the camera, affecting the area of the photo that is in focus. Macro photography captures objects at life-size or larger magnification for close-up detail.
Homomorphic filtering is used to simultaneously normalize brightness across an image and increase contrast by removing multiplicative noise. It treats illumination and reflectance components of an image as additive in the logarithmic domain rather than multiplicative in the spatial domain. High-pass filtering is applied to suppress low frequencies representing illumination and amplify high frequencies representing reflectance. This reduces intensity variation while highlighting detail. Histogram modification techniques can be applied to color images but care must be taken to avoid color shifts, such as by applying the modification to one color band and using original ratios or transforming to brightness/lightness.
chapter-03.pptx TV transmission Balck and White ColorSANGRAMJADHAV49
1) Television fundamentals and transmitters are discussed, including aspects ratio, image continuity, pixels, resolution, scanning, and interlaced scanning.
2) Aspect ratio of a TV screen is 4:3. Image continuity is provided through persistence of vision which allows the eye to see a series of images without break.
3) Scanning involves using an electron beam to break an image into lines, both horizontally and vertically. Interlaced scanning scans every other line to increase frame rate without increasing bandwidth.
chapter-03cel.pptx deals with TV fundamentalsJatin Patil
1) Television fundamentals and transmitters are discussed, including aspects ratio, image continuity, pixels, resolution, scanning, and interlaced scanning.
2) Aspect ratio of a TV screen is 4:3. Image continuity is provided through persistence of vision which allows the eye to see a series of images without break.
3) Vertical and horizontal resolution are discussed in relation to number of lines and ability to resolve details. Interlaced scanning involves scanning odd and even lines separately to reduce flicker.
1) The document proposes using an optical cavity and laser light to replicate the electron phase contrast created by a Zernike phase plate in electron microscopes.
2) They tested two cavity designs - a parabolic cavity and a spherical cavity, selecting the spherical cavity design which provided a higher numerical aperture while maintaining a high finesse.
3) They were able to achieve the necessary laser power and prove the viability of the concept by determining the numerical aperture and finesse of the spherical cavity matched the theoretical requirements.
20120417 IMechE YMS Seminar on Daylighting modeling technique in built-enviro...ekwtsang
This document discusses daylight modeling techniques using global illumination programs like RADIANCE. It introduces key terms like daylight factor and glare index used to assess daylighting. It explains the RADIANCE system and common parameters used to control ambient bounces, divisions and accuracy. It also discusses two common misunderstandings - using a large single surface and applying luminance variation to a non-flattened surface. The document provides an overview of global illumination modeling and the RADIANCE software for daylighting studies.
The document discusses principles of illumination design, including definitions of key terms like luminous flux, solid angle, luminous intensity, and color temperature. It covers factors that affect visual tasks like size, luminance, contrast and glare. Basic definitions are provided for concepts such as candela, utilization factor, depreciation factor, candlepower, and mean horizontal candlepower. The document also discusses the light spectrum, types of lighting (natural vs artificial), light sources, luminous efficiency, and color rendering.
The document discusses different types of telescopes:
- Radio telescopes require very large dishes due to the long wavelengths of radio waves. Their resolving power is lower than optical telescopes so signals from multiple dishes need to be combined.
- Infrared and UV telescopes use mirrors to focus radiation onto detectors, as with optical telescopes, but must be launched into space to observe past the Earth's atmosphere.
- X-ray telescopes use a series of nested grazing incidence mirrors to focus x-rays, which do not reflect like other electromagnetic radiation but are either absorbed or pass through materials.
- The Rayleigh criterion equation defines the minimum resolvable angle of telescopes based on wavelength and diameter
One day short course on Green Building Assessment Methods - Daylight Simulationekwtsang
This document provides an overview of different evaluation methods for daylighting design, including scale model measurement, simplified calculation methods like daylight factor and vertical daylight factor, and sophisticated computational methods like Maxwell's electromagnetic wave theory, radiosity, and ray tracing. It discusses components of the Radiance simulation system like sky description, material description, geometry description, and lighting description. It also covers standard CIE skies, daylighting requirements in LEED and BEAM Plus, and proposes using climate-based daylight modeling to provide long-term annual daylighting performance analysis.
The Abbe number indicates the degree of transverse chromatic aberration that a lens material will produce. It is a measure of a material's dispersion or ability to disperse light of different wavelengths. Materials with a lower Abbe number have higher dispersion and will produce greater chromatic aberration at the periphery of a lens. When prescribing higher-power lenses, those with a higher Abbe number should be chosen to reduce chromatic aberration. Common plastic materials have Abbe numbers ranging from 29-59, with higher values indicating lower dispersion and chromatic aberration.
The document discusses the components of a physically based rendering (PBR) bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model. It describes using split-sum approximation and importance sampling by specular lobe for specular image-based lighting, and Riemann sum on polar coordinates for diffuse image-based lighting. It also mentions using texture maps including albedo, metallic, roughness, normal, ambient occlusion and height maps in a rendering pipeline that includes vertex, hull, domain and pixel shaders.
The document describes implementing Phong shading over polygonal surfaces using OpenGL. Key aspects include reading mesh files to obtain vertex and face data, calculating vertex normals, setting up a light source, and applying the Phong illumination model at each point. Phong shading is computationally expensive but produces higher quality results than Gouraud shading by interpolating normals. The implementation subdivides triangles recursively until the pixel level to apply Phong's equations. Results using pyramid and octahedron meshes demonstrated Phong shading generated superior images compared to Gouraud shading.
Photographic Filter by Dr. Anjandev Biswasadritabiswas
Filters are transparent materials that modify the light passing through camera lenses. There are three main types of filters - glass, optical resin, and gels. The filter factor indicates the amount of exposure adjustment needed to compensate for light absorbed by the filter. Common filters include polarizers, neutral density filters, and graduated neutral density filters which are used to reduce glare, extend exposure times, and control strong light gradients respectively. Special effect filters can produce effects like star bursts, soft focus, and multiple images. Filters are available in screw-in and slot-in versions to fit different lens and holder types.
Shutter speed determines the length of time the camera shutter is open when taking a photo. Faster shutter speeds freeze motion while slower speeds create blur effects. ISO controls the camera sensor's light sensitivity, with higher ISO numbers allowing photos in darker conditions but potentially adding noise. Aperture and depth of field are related, with smaller apertures resulting in greater depth of field and a larger range of focus. White balance settings impact photo colors by adjusting for lighting conditions like daylight or tungsten. Complementary colors are opposite each other on the color wheel, like red and green, while analogous colors are adjacent groups of three. Macro photography captures extremely close subjects to pick up fine details. Composition and the rule of thirds provide
Colour plays an important role in film by conveying different moods and emotions through its use. The colour grading process during post-production allows precise control over the colours in a film by manipulating the lightness, darkness and hue of the footage. Effective colour grading adds meaning and triggers emotional responses in audiences by dominating scenes with certain colour palettes like using reds to create warmth or blues to imply coldness.
Troubleshooting, Designing, & Installing Digital & Analog Closed Circuit TV S...Living Online
The document discusses light and optics, comparing the human eye to a camera. It explains that both have lenses that focus light and sensors (retina for the eye, sensor for the camera) that capture images. However, the eye can automatically focus on objects at different distances, while cameras require manual focus adjustment. It also notes that the eye has a blind spot, but we see a continuous image because information from both eyes is combined in the brain.
This document defines photographic terminology including shutter speed, ISO, aperture, depth of field, manual and automatic exposure, color balance, composition, the rule of thirds, analogous colors, complementary colors, and macro photography. Shutter speed controls image blur with fast speeds producing sharp images and slow speeds creating motion trails. Aperture determines depth of field with wide apertures having shallow depth of field. ISO is the camera's light sensitivity setting.
This document provides an overview and specifications for the X2M Water system asset. It describes the water surface effects including surface depth and color variation, reflection, refraction, and quality phases. The system uses Fresnel equations to vary color with distance from the camera and includes reflection, refraction, and caustics effects. It supports three quality phases for high, middle, and low profiles by adjusting reflection render target size, blur filtering, and enabling/disabling caustics effects.
smallpt: Global Illumination in 99 lines of C++鍾誠 陳鍾誠
This document summarizes Kevin Beason's smallpt, a 99 line path tracer written in C++. It begins with an overview of global illumination and path tracing. It then walks through the key parts of smallpt, including ray and vector classes, sphere intersections, scene description, camera setup, the rendering equation, path tracing algorithm, and functions for diffuse reflection, specular reflection, refraction, and more. The document provides explanations of the algorithms and math concepts used in smallpt.
The document describes the parts of a compound microscope and provides instructions for its proper use. It explains that the microscope should be started on low power and the slide placed on the stage. The user focuses using coarse and fine adjustments before changing objectives to higher powers. Finally, the microscope is returned to low power and turned off after use.
20120328 Technical Seminar on Daylighting Environment in Hong Kongekwtsang
The document summarizes a presentation on daylighting environments in Hong Kong. It discusses the benefits of daylighting, key parameters that affect indoor daylighting like building area and orientation, glass type, window area, shading and external obstructions. It also analyzes the daylighting performances of two commercial buildings in Hong Kong through simulation and compares different assessment criteria used in green building standards like PNAP, LEED and BEAM Plus. The presentation raises questions about spatial daylight autonomy calculations required in the new LEED standards and proposes approaches to address issues like weather data and simulation time.
Shutter speed determines how long the camera's shutter is open when taking a photo, affecting how motion is captured. ISO measures the camera's sensitivity to light, with lower numbers producing higher quality in bright conditions and higher numbers needed for darker scenes. Aperture and depth of field refer to the size of the opening through which light enters the camera, affecting the area of the photo that is in focus. Macro photography captures objects at life-size or larger magnification for close-up detail.
Homomorphic filtering is used to simultaneously normalize brightness across an image and increase contrast by removing multiplicative noise. It treats illumination and reflectance components of an image as additive in the logarithmic domain rather than multiplicative in the spatial domain. High-pass filtering is applied to suppress low frequencies representing illumination and amplify high frequencies representing reflectance. This reduces intensity variation while highlighting detail. Histogram modification techniques can be applied to color images but care must be taken to avoid color shifts, such as by applying the modification to one color band and using original ratios or transforming to brightness/lightness.
chapter-03.pptx TV transmission Balck and White ColorSANGRAMJADHAV49
1) Television fundamentals and transmitters are discussed, including aspects ratio, image continuity, pixels, resolution, scanning, and interlaced scanning.
2) Aspect ratio of a TV screen is 4:3. Image continuity is provided through persistence of vision which allows the eye to see a series of images without break.
3) Scanning involves using an electron beam to break an image into lines, both horizontally and vertically. Interlaced scanning scans every other line to increase frame rate without increasing bandwidth.
chapter-03cel.pptx deals with TV fundamentalsJatin Patil
1) Television fundamentals and transmitters are discussed, including aspects ratio, image continuity, pixels, resolution, scanning, and interlaced scanning.
2) Aspect ratio of a TV screen is 4:3. Image continuity is provided through persistence of vision which allows the eye to see a series of images without break.
3) Vertical and horizontal resolution are discussed in relation to number of lines and ability to resolve details. Interlaced scanning involves scanning odd and even lines separately to reduce flicker.
This document discusses various topics related to visual science including:
1. Spatial vision is defined as the perception of objects with different luminance profiles in the visual field. Key attributes of spatial targets are frequency, contrast, phase, and orientation.
2. Fourier transformations can be used to construct complex spatial stimuli by adding sine waves of proper frequency, contrast, phase, and orientation.
3. The spatial modulation transfer function describes how well a lens or lens system transfers spatial information and how image quality is degraded by aberrations and reduced contrast at higher frequencies.
4. Temporal vision involves detecting time-related changes in spatial target properties and is described using concepts like temporal frequency, depth of modulation, and critical
Digital image processing techniques can be used to enhance images in the spatial domain. Spatial averaging reduces noise by replacing each pixel value with the average value of neighboring pixels. As more images are averaged, the output image approaches the true noise-free image. Median filtering removes salt and pepper noise by replacing each pixel with the median value in the local neighborhood. Homomorphic filtering can remove multiplicative noise by separating illumination and reflectance components in the frequency domain and applying a high-pass filter. Histogram equalization can improve contrast in color images by applying the technique to one color band and using original ratios to determine values for other bands.
Digital images can be represented as multidimensional arrays of numbers or vectors. Each component in the image, called a pixel, associates with a pixel value such as intensity or color. To create a digital image, an analog image is sampled and quantized by converting the continuously sensed data into discrete numeric values. Sampling involves assigning numeric coordinates to pixels according to a grid, while quantization assigns numeric values to represent the brightness or color at each pixel location. The number of samples and quantization levels can impact the quality and file size of the digital image.
This document discusses key concepts related to visual information and human vision. It covers the electromagnetic spectrum, properties of light, how the human eye perceives color and brightness, and color theory concepts like additive and subtractive color mixing. Standard color temperatures used in television and for white balancing cameras are also explained.
The Importance of Terminology and sRGB Uncertainty - Notes - 0.5Thomas Mansencal
The organised and formatted embodiment of the Colour Science notes I have taken along the years.
It is aimed at the VFX industry, and is the work-in-progress subset of a broader and generic Colour Science presentation.
This document discusses various topics related to ultrasound imaging including goals, early pioneers, transducer types, Doppler instrumentation and physics, harmonic imaging, spatial compounding, extended field of view, fusion imaging, 3D and 4D ultrasound, and contrast enhanced ultrasound. It provides details on transducer selection, control settings, tissue harmonic imaging principles, spatial compounding benefits, fusion imaging steps, and contrast agent interactions.
This document discusses digital photography concepts related to color management from camera to print. It covers RAW files and their benefits over JPEGs in retaining greater dynamic range and flexibility for editing. It also discusses white balance, color temperature, calibration and profiling needed to accurately translate colors between devices like cameras, monitors and printers. Histograms and using them to analyze image tones and for quality control during editing are also covered.
Digital image Processing fundamentals are accumulated at one place for easy understanding to a layman also in this presentation. Digital image Processing fundamentals are accumulated at one place for easy understanding to a layman also in this presentation. Digital image Processing fundamentals are accumulated at one place for easy understanding to a layman also in this presentation. Digital image Processing fundamentals are accumulated at one place for easy understanding to a layman also in this presentation. Digital image Processing fundamentals are accumulated at one place for easy understanding to a layman also in this presentation. Digital image Processing fundamentals are accumulated at one place for easy understanding to a layman also in this presentation. Digital image Processing fundamentals are accumulated at one place for easy understanding to a layman also in this presentation. Digital image Processing fundamentals are accumulated at one place for easy understanding to a layman also in this presentation. Digital image Processing fundamentals are accumulated at one place for easy understanding to a layman also in this presentation. Digital image Processing fundamentals are accumulated at one place for easy understanding to a layman also in this presentation. Digital image Processing fundamentals are accumulated at one place for easy understanding to a layman also in this presentation. Digital image Processing fundamentals are accumulated at one place for easy understanding to a layman also in this presentation. Digital image Processing fundamentals are accumulated at one place for easy understanding to a layman also in this presentation. Digital image Processing fundamentals are accumulated at one place for easy understanding to a layman also in this presentation. Digital image Processing fundamentals are accumulated at one place for easy understanding to a layman also in this presentation. Digital image Processing fundamentals are accumulated at one place for easy understanding to a layman also in this presentation. Digital image Processing fundamentals are accumulated at one place for easy understanding to a layman also in this presentation. Digital image Processing fundamentals are accumulated at one place for easy understanding to a layman also in this presentation. Digital image Processing fundamentals are accumulated at one place for easy understanding to a layman also in this presentation. Digital image Processing fundamentals are accumulated at one place for easy understanding to a layman also in this presentation. Digital image Processing fundamentals are accumulated at one place for easy understanding to a layman also in this presentation. Digital image Processing fundamentals are accumulated at one place for easy understanding to a layman also in this presentation. Digital image Processing fundamentals are accumulated at one place for easy understanding to a layman also in this presentation. Digital image Processing fundamen
This document discusses chromaticity indices and colorimetry for measuring meat color. It provides information on:
- The physiology of human color perception and the three color cones in the eye.
- Tristimulus colorimetry and the CIE LAB color space system used for objectively specifying color.
- The three properties of color - hue, saturation (chroma), and brightness (lightness).
- Formulas for calculating color difference values and interpreting them.
- Factors that affect color measurement of meat samples like sample preparation, instrument settings, and applications of the data.
The document discusses the basic components and functioning of an ultrasound machine. It describes the transmitter/pulser, transducer, receiver and processor, display, and recording components. The transducer is made of piezoelectric crystals and converts electrical energy to ultrasound energy and vice versa. Different controls like gain, zoom, and Doppler are used by the radiographer to optimize the ultrasound image.
With increasing use of remote sensing, the need for crispier, accurate and enhanced precision has deemed to the improvement in the spectral and spatial resolution of remotely sensed imagery. For most of the systems, panchromatic images typically have higher resolution, while multispectral images offer information in several spectral channels. Resolution merge (also called pan-sharpening) allows us to combine advantages of both kinds of images by merging them into one.
The resolution merge or pan sharpening is the technique used to obtain high resolution multi-spectral images. The color information is collected from the coarse resolution satellite data and the intensity from the high resolution satellite data.
The main constraint is to preserve the spectral information for aspects like land use. Saving theimage from distortion of the spectral characteristics is important in the merged dataset.
The most common techniques for spatial enhancement of low-resolution imagery combining high and low resolution data can be used are: Intensity-Hue-Saturation, Principal Component, Multiplicative and Brovey Transform.
THIS PRESENTATION IS TO HELP YOU PERFORM THE TASK STEP BY STEP.
This document discusses image fusion techniques at different levels of abstraction: pixel level, feature level, and decision level. It describes various fusion methods including numerical (e.g. multiplicative, Brovey), color related (e.g. IHS), statistical (e.g. PCA, Gram Schmidt), and feature level (e.g. Ehlers) techniques. Both qualitative (visual) and quantitative (statistical measures like RMSE, correlation coefficient, entropy) methods to assess fusion quality are outlined. Image fusion has applications in improving classification and displaying sharper resolution images.
Similar to MSHOT fluorescence microscope imaging software (18)
Mshot brochure 2023 - microscope and accessories .pdfMicro-shot
Micro-shot is a Chinese microscope and accessories manufacturer, and it is the leader in fluorescence microscopy. The brand is MSHOT. The brochure contains MSHOT microscopes and accessories. More welcome to visit website www.m-shot.com
The catalog contains all of Mshot products line, including optical microscope, LED fluorescence illuminator, microscope camera, thermal plate and other accessories.
Mshot LED fluorescence illuminator introduction - looking for distributorMicro-shot
Mshot LED fluorescence illuminator is used for bright field microscope upgrade to fluorescence microscope, such as Olympus CX43-LED. it is a cost effective entry level fluorescence microscope light source solution. Well works for Olympus, Nikon,Leica and Zeiss.
Solution to upgrade stereo microscope to fluorescence microscope observing GFP, mCherry and DAPI. Mshot stereo fluorescence illuminator for Olympus, Nikon, Leica and Zeiss stereomicroscopy.
MF31-RB LED fluorescence microscope is used to for tuberculosis sputum slide quick diagnose, such as Zeiss iLED function. Offer 420nm~480nm excitation for Auramine O fluorescein.
MF31-UV is a fluorescence microscope with UV LED light source offer 330~380nm excitation, good to use for DAPI stained silde, such as fungus diagnostic.
The MF31 series fluorescence microscope from Guangzhou Micro-shot Technology Co., Ltd. is a single or multi-color microscope that provides bright field and fluorescence capabilities. It uses LED illumination for both transmitted light and up to three-color fluorescence excitation. Key features include an infinity optical system, trinocular observation tube, interchangeable objectives from 4x to 100x, mechanical stage, focus controls, and optional cameras. Applications include tuberculosis diagnosis, dermatology, education, and research using stains such as GFP, FITC, and DAPI.
Mshot Imaging Analysis System is a professional microscope imaging analysis software for Mshot microscope camera, it has powerful functions and compatible to main Windows OS. Prefer to use by Olympus, Nikon, Leica and Zeiss microscope users.
This document summarizes the products and services offered by a microscope company. They provide LED illumination sources for upright, inverted, and stereo microscopes with excitation wavelengths from 380nm to 560nm. They also offer CCD, CMOS, and sCMOS cameras ranging from 3 to 42 megapixels. In addition to microscopes, the company supplies camera adapters, imaging software, and various accessories. They have grown from initially servicing microscope users in 2003 to employing over 50 people and selling products worldwide by 2017.
Mshot MG wide brand illuminator is high power LED light source for fluorescence microscope, offer multiple wavelength fluorescence excitation. Workable for Olympus, Nikon, Leica and Zeiss. More information welcome contact sales@m-shot.com
Led fluorescence attachment for Upright microscopeMicro-shot
Led fluorescence attachment (illumination) for Upright microscope
1 color module: B/G/UV/V optional
2 color module: B, G
3 color module: B,G,UV
4 color module: G, G, UV, V
You can also contact us for customize
Upgrading conventional microscope to bright field and fluorescent observation function.
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2. Max. & Min value adjustment
• Adjust Maximum value and Minimum value makes fluorescence image more pure by darker
background and higher contrast fluorescence.
Before
After
3. Merge Dynamic Fluorescence
• Merge fluorescence multi-images under live view, there are two applications.
• One is overlying multi-images of the same fluorescence to increase its brightness.
• Another is merging different channel fluorescence images under live.
4. Live overlaying multi-images:
Support up to 7 images for average / weight processing under live view, reduce image
noise (improve SNR) / to enhance fluorescence brightness.
5. Quick merge different channel dynamic fluorescence images
Merging under live view and in time
6. Merge Channels
• Merge different color fluorescence images into a multi-color fluorescence image.
7. Shifing correction
• Different fluorescence dye images of one specimen might be out of original position because
external move and microscope quality, we call it shifting, the tool can move any image position
you want to correct shifing.
Before
After
8. Quickly dye
• Just choose R/G/B channel to dye the monochrome fluorescence image for quilkly observation.
9. Split RGB
• One-push split a multi-channel fluorescence image into single channel images by Red, Green and
Blue to quickly seperate different fluorescence signal.