Stem cells have the potential to develop into many different cell types and can serve as an internal repair system. There are two main types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells, which are pluripotent and derived from embryos, and adult stem cells, which are multipotent and found in adult tissues. While embryonic stem cells are important for research due to their pluripotency, both types hold promise for regenerative medicine and treatments for conditions like diabetes, heart disease, and spinal cord injuries. However, more research is still needed to fully realize their clinical potential and address ethical concerns.
Stem cells are unspecialized cells capable of renewing themselves through cell division, sometimes after long periods of inactivity.
Stem cell therapy is the most advance therapy which use stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition.
Properties, types and uses of stem cells are summarized in this presentation.
If the cell is able to form all cell types of the embryo & adult (Fertilized egg cell) Totipotent stem cell
Stem cell able to differentiate into all 3 germ layers Pluripotent stem cell (Embryonic stem cell)
Multipotent stem cell Differentiate to form cells of some but not all 3 germ layers (Bone, cartilage, connective tissue)
Unipotent stem cell Able to form just one other cell type (Spermatogonia)
Embryos created in vitro fertilization
Aborted embryos
Limited tissues (bone marrow, muscle, brain)
Discrete populations of adult stem cells generate replacements for cells that are lost through normal wear and tear, injury or disease
Placental cord
Baby teeth
Diabetes patients lose the function of their insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas
Human embryonic stem cells may be grown in cell cultures and stimulate to form insulin-producing cells , that can be transplanted into the patients
Pancreas is digested with collagenase that frees islets from surrounding cells
Centrifugation of isolates containing mainly alpha and beta cells, purified islets beta cells
Transplanted through a catheter into the liver where they become permanently established Caused when key brain cells that produce message carrying chemical/neurotransmitter (dopamine) die off.
Symptoms start with the patients trembling and can end up paralyzed
Harvesting of stem cells from patients bone marrow, foetus or any other source
Culturing of harvested stem cells in lab conditions - to get high concentrations of stem cells
Then purified and high concentration of stem cells are surgically injected in the brain of patient.
Stem cells are unspecialized cells capable of renewing themselves through cell division, sometimes after long periods of inactivity.
Stem cell therapy is the most advance therapy which use stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition.
Properties, types and uses of stem cells are summarized in this presentation.
If the cell is able to form all cell types of the embryo & adult (Fertilized egg cell) Totipotent stem cell
Stem cell able to differentiate into all 3 germ layers Pluripotent stem cell (Embryonic stem cell)
Multipotent stem cell Differentiate to form cells of some but not all 3 germ layers (Bone, cartilage, connective tissue)
Unipotent stem cell Able to form just one other cell type (Spermatogonia)
Embryos created in vitro fertilization
Aborted embryos
Limited tissues (bone marrow, muscle, brain)
Discrete populations of adult stem cells generate replacements for cells that are lost through normal wear and tear, injury or disease
Placental cord
Baby teeth
Diabetes patients lose the function of their insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas
Human embryonic stem cells may be grown in cell cultures and stimulate to form insulin-producing cells , that can be transplanted into the patients
Pancreas is digested with collagenase that frees islets from surrounding cells
Centrifugation of isolates containing mainly alpha and beta cells, purified islets beta cells
Transplanted through a catheter into the liver where they become permanently established Caused when key brain cells that produce message carrying chemical/neurotransmitter (dopamine) die off.
Symptoms start with the patients trembling and can end up paralyzed
Harvesting of stem cells from patients bone marrow, foetus or any other source
Culturing of harvested stem cells in lab conditions - to get high concentrations of stem cells
Then purified and high concentration of stem cells are surgically injected in the brain of patient.
Stem Cell Research: Trends and Perspectives on the Evolving International Lan...Elsevier
This report was jointly prepared by EuroStemCell, Kyoto University’s Institute for Integrated Cell-Material\Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), and Elsevier. It presents the results of a study that uses publication output metrics to gain a bird’s-eye view of the stem cell field, both overall and specifically with regard to embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. While it is beyond the scope of this study to provide in-depth policy analysis or recommendations, we have drawn on expert input across the field to illustrate areas to which the data may relate, including national policies, regulations, funding strategies, and research practices.
Stem Cell Therapy: The Future is Here! Find Out About the Clinical Trial and ...Patients Medical
Dr. Kamau Kokayi, Director of New York Stem Cell Treatment Center at Patients Medical presents research on how stem cell therapy has helped patients already.
Stem cell therapy has a promising therapeutic potential in the treatment of neurological disorders, it is important for all the professionals in the medical field to understand the concepts of this upcoming therapeutic strategy.
Learn about the possibilities of what Adult Stem Cell pose for the future of curing chronic disease, cancers, and how nutrition plays a part in their ability to keeping you healthy.
Animal Stem Cell Therapy Presentation by MediVet Midwestmedivetmidwest
http://medivetmidwest.com/
Provided by MediVet Midwest, this presentation is about animal stem cell regenerative therapies and how they can lengthen and rejuvenate the quality of life for many types of animals.
Copyright 2011 MediVet Midwest. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission from MediVet Midwest.
What is Stem Cell ?
History of Stem Cells ?
Stages of Embryogenesis
Blastocyst Diagram
Three types of stem cells
Differentiation of ESC
Adult Stem Cells
Bone Marrow
Umbilical cord stem cells
Factors known to affect stem cells
Niche cells activates Stem cells
Regenerative Medicine : Indian Scenario
Stem cells are cells with the potential to develop into many different types of cells in the body. They serve as a repair system for the body. There are two main types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells
Stem cells are unspecialized cells capable of renewing themselves through cell division, sometimes after long periods of inactivity.
Stem cell therapy is an advance therapy technique used to treat or prevent a disease or condition using stem cells.
Stem Cell Research: Trends and Perspectives on the Evolving International Lan...Elsevier
This report was jointly prepared by EuroStemCell, Kyoto University’s Institute for Integrated Cell-Material\Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), and Elsevier. It presents the results of a study that uses publication output metrics to gain a bird’s-eye view of the stem cell field, both overall and specifically with regard to embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. While it is beyond the scope of this study to provide in-depth policy analysis or recommendations, we have drawn on expert input across the field to illustrate areas to which the data may relate, including national policies, regulations, funding strategies, and research practices.
Stem Cell Therapy: The Future is Here! Find Out About the Clinical Trial and ...Patients Medical
Dr. Kamau Kokayi, Director of New York Stem Cell Treatment Center at Patients Medical presents research on how stem cell therapy has helped patients already.
Stem cell therapy has a promising therapeutic potential in the treatment of neurological disorders, it is important for all the professionals in the medical field to understand the concepts of this upcoming therapeutic strategy.
Learn about the possibilities of what Adult Stem Cell pose for the future of curing chronic disease, cancers, and how nutrition plays a part in their ability to keeping you healthy.
Animal Stem Cell Therapy Presentation by MediVet Midwestmedivetmidwest
http://medivetmidwest.com/
Provided by MediVet Midwest, this presentation is about animal stem cell regenerative therapies and how they can lengthen and rejuvenate the quality of life for many types of animals.
Copyright 2011 MediVet Midwest. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission from MediVet Midwest.
What is Stem Cell ?
History of Stem Cells ?
Stages of Embryogenesis
Blastocyst Diagram
Three types of stem cells
Differentiation of ESC
Adult Stem Cells
Bone Marrow
Umbilical cord stem cells
Factors known to affect stem cells
Niche cells activates Stem cells
Regenerative Medicine : Indian Scenario
Stem cells are cells with the potential to develop into many different types of cells in the body. They serve as a repair system for the body. There are two main types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells
Stem cells are unspecialized cells capable of renewing themselves through cell division, sometimes after long periods of inactivity.
Stem cell therapy is an advance therapy technique used to treat or prevent a disease or condition using stem cells.
This slide is about the potential uses of stem cells. It describes how they are useful and also puts froward the extraction process and the ares in which stem cells prove to be extremely useful. This slide also lists the various from of cells and the difference between stem cells and the normal differentiated cells. It is also richly supplied with photos and content which would altogether increase the quality of the slide. Hope you enjoy and learn. Please do like and follow. Share with your friends who might benefit from this.
The ISSCR is an independent, nonprofit organization providin.docxoreo10
The ISSCR is an independent, nonprofit
organization providing a global forum for
stem cell research and regenerative medicine.
Stem Cell
Facts
What are stem cells?
Stem cells are the foundation cells for every organ and
tissue in our bodies. The highly specialized cells that make
up these tissues originally came from an initial pool of stem
cells formed shortly after fertilization. Throughout our lives,
we continue to rely on stem cells to replace injured tissues
and cells that are lost every day, such as those in our skin,
hair, blood and the lining of our gut. Stem cells have two
key properties: 1) the ability to self-renew, dividing in a
way that makes copies of themselves, and 2) the ability to
differentiate, giving rise to the mature types of cells that
make up our organs and tissues.
Tissue-specific stem cells
Tissue-specific stem cells, which are sometimes referred to
as “adult” or “somatic” stem cells, are already somewhat
specialized and can produce some or all of the mature
cell types found within the particular tissue or organ in
which they reside. Because of their ability to generate
multiple, organ-specific, cell types, they are described as
“multipotent.” For example, stem cells found within the
adult brain are capable of making neurons and two types of
glial cells, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.
Tissue-specific stem cells have been found in several organs
that need to continuously replenish themselves, such as the
blood, skin and gut and have even been found in other, less
regenerative, organs such as the brain. These types of stem
cells represent a very small population and are often buried
deep within a given tissue, making them difficult to identify,
isolate and grow in a laboratory setting.
Neuron – Dr. Gerry Shaw, EnCor Biotechnology Inc.
Astrocyte – Abcam Inc.
Oligodendrocyte – Dhaunchak and Nave (2007).
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:17813-8
www.isscr.org
Embryonic stem cells
Embryonic stem cells have been derived from a variety
of species, including humans, and are described as
“pluripotent,” meaning that they can generate all the
different types of cells in the body. Embryonic stem cells
can be obtained from the blastocyst, a very early stage
of development that consists of a mostly hollow ball of
approximately 150-200 cells and is barely visible to the
naked eye. At this stage, there are no organs, not even
blood, just an “inner cell mass” from which embryonic stem
cells can be obtained. Human embryonic stem cells are
derived primarily from blastocysts that were created by
in vitro fertilization (IVF) for assisted reproduction but
were no longer needed.
The fertilized egg and the cells that immediately arise in the
first few divisions are “totipotent.” This means that, under
the right conditions, they can generate a viable embryo
(including support tissues such as the placenta). Within a
matter of days, however, these cells transition to become
pluripote ...
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2. What are stem cells?
Stem cells have the remarkable potential
to develop into many different cell types
in the body during early life and growth.
In addition, in many tissues they serve as
a sort of internal repair system, dividing
essentially without limit to replenish
other cells as long as the person or animal
is still alive.
When a stem cell divides, each new cell
has the potential either to remain a stem
cell or become another type of cell with a
more specialized function, such as a
muscle cell, a red blood cell, or a brain
cell.
3. Why are they important for
humanity?
Stem cells are important for living
organisms for many reasons.
In the 3- to 5-day-old embryo, called
a blastocyst, the inner cells give rise to
the entire body of the organism, including
all of the many specialized cell types and
organs such as the heart, lungs, skin,
sperm, eggs and other tissues.
In some adult tissues, such as bone
marrow, muscle, and brain, discrete
populations of adult stem cells generate
replacements for cells that are lost
through normal wear and tear, injury, or
disease.
4. What are Embryonic Stem
Cells?
Embryonic stem cells, as their name
suggests, are derived from embryos.
Most embryonic stem cells are derived
from embryos that develop from eggs that
have been fertilized in vitro—in an in
vitro fertilization clinic—and then
donated for research purposes with
informed consent of the donors.
They are not derived from eggs fertilized
in a woman's body.
5. Why are Embryonic Stem
Cells important ?
As long as the embryonic stem cells in
culture are grown under appropriate
conditions, they can remain undifferentiated
(unspecialized).
But if cells are allowed to clump together to
form embryoid bodies, they begin to
differentiate spontaneously. They can form
muscle cells, nerve cells, and many other
cell types.
Although spontaneous differentiation is a
good indication that a culture of embryonic
stem cells is healthy, the process is
uncontrolled and therefore an inefficient
strategy to produce cultures of specific cell
types.
So, to generate cultures of specific types of
differentiated cells—heart muscle cells,
blood cells, or nerve cells, for example—
scientists try to control the differentiation of
embryonic stem cells.
6. What are Adult stem cells?
An adult stem cell is thought to be an
undifferentiated cell, found among
differentiated cells in a tissue or organ.
The adult stem cell can renew itself and
can differentiate to yield some or all of the
major specialized cell types of the tissue or
organ.
The primary roles of adult stem cells in a
living organism are to maintain and repair
the tissue in which they are found.
Scientists also use the term somatic stem
cell instead of adult stem cell, where
somatic refers to cells of the body (not the
germ cells, sperm or eggs).
Unlike embryonic stem cells, which are
defined by their origin (cells from the
preimplantation-stage embryo), the origin of
adult stem cells in some mature tissues is
still under investigation.
7. What do the Adult stem cells
do?
Typically, there is a very small number of
stem cells in each tissue and, once
removed from the body, their capacity to
divide is limited, making generation of
large quantities of stem cells difficult.
Scientists in many laboratories are trying
to find better ways to grow large
quantities of adult stem cells in cell
culture and to manipulate them to
generate specific cell types so they can
be used to treat injury or disease.
Some examples of potential treatments
include regenerating bone using cells
derived from bone marrow stroma,
developing insulin-producing cells for type
1 diabetes, and repairing damaged heart
muscle following a heart attack with
cardiac muscle cells.
8. What are the differences and
similarities between embryonic
and adult stem cells?
One major difference between adult and
embryonic stem cells is their different
abilities in the number and type of
differentiated cell types they can
become. Embryonic stem cells can
become all cell types of the body because
they are pluripotent. Adult stem cells are
thought to be limited to differentiating
into different cell types of their tissue of
origin.
Embryonic stem cells can be grown
relatively easily in culture. Adult stem
cells are rare in mature tissues, so
isolating these cells from an adult tissue
is challenging, and methods to expand
their numbers in cell culture have not yet
been worked out.
9. Totipotent, Pluripotent and
Multipotent Stem Cells
Totipotent cells can form all the cell
types in a body, plus the extraembryonic,
or placental, cells. Embryonic cells within
the first couple of cell divisions after
fertilization are the only cells that are
totipotent.
Pluripotent cells can give rise to all of the
cell types that make up the body;
embryonic stem cells are considered
pluripotent.
Multipotent cells can develop into more
than one cell type, but are more limited
than pluripotent cells; adult stem cells
and cord blood stem cells are considered
multipotent.
10. Induced pluripotent stem cells
(iPSCs)
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are
adult cells that have been genetically
reprogrammed to an embryonic stem cell–
like state by being forced to express genes
and factors important for maintaining the
defining properties of embryonic stem cells.
Although these cells meet the defining
criteria for pluripotent stem cells, it is not
known if iPSCs and embryonic stem cells
differ in clinically significant ways.
Mouse iPSCs demonstrate important
characteristics of pluripotent stem cells,
including expressing stem cell markers,
forming tumors containing cells from all
three germ layers, and being able to
contribute to many different tissues when
injected into mouse embryos at a very early
stage in development. Human iPSCs also
express stem cell markers and are capable of
generating cells characteristic of all three
germ layers.
11. Regenerative medicine
The use of embryonic and adult-derived
stem cells for cardiac repair is an active
area of research.
A number of stem cell types, including
embryonic stem (ES) cells, cardiac stem
cells that naturally reside within the
heart, myoblasts (muscle stem cells),
adult bone marrow-derived cells including
mesenchymal cells (bone marrow-derived
cells that give rise to tissues such as
muscle, bone, tendons, ligaments, and
adipose tissue), endothelial progenitor
cells (cells that give rise to the
endothelium, the interior lining of blood
vessels), and umbilical cord blood cells,
have been investigated as possible
sources for regenerating damaged heart
tissue.
12. Bioengineering
In people who suffer from type 1
diabetes, the cells of the pancreas that
normally produce insulin are destroyed by
the patient's own immune system.
New studies indicate that it may be
possible to direct the differentiation of
human embryonic stem cells in cell
culture to form insulin-producing cells
that eventually could be used in
transplantation therapy for persons with
diabetes.
13. Synthetic organs
It may become possible to generate
healthy heart muscle cells in the
laboratory and then transplant those cells
into patients with chronic heart disease.
Preliminary research in mice and other
animals indicates that bone marrow
stromal cells, transplanted into a
damaged heart, can have beneficial
effects.
Whether these cells can generate heart
muscle cells or stimulate the growth of
new blood vessels that repopulate the
heart tissue, or help via some other
mechanism is actively under
investigation. For example, injected cells
may accomplish repair by secreting
growth factors, rather than actually
incorporating into the heart.
14. Advantages of using Stem Cells
It provides medical benefits in the fields of therapeutic cloning and regenerative
medicine.
It provides great potential for discovering treatments and cures to a variety of diseases
including Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, cancer, spinal cord
injuries, diabetes and many more.
Limbs and organs could be grown in a lab from stem cells and then used in transplants
or to help treat illnesses.
It will help scientists to learn about human growth and cell development.
Scientists and doctors will be able to test millions of potential drugs and medicine,
without the use of animals or human testers. This necessitates a process of simulating
the effect the drug has on a specific population of cells. This would tell if the drug is
useful or has any problems.
An advantage of the usage of adult stem cells to treat disease is that a patient's own
cells could be used to treat a patient. Risks would be quite reduced because patients'
bodies would not reject their own cells.
15. Disadvantages of using Stem Cells
The use of embryonic stem cells for research involves the destruction of blastocysts
formed from laboratory-fertilized human eggs. For those people who believe that life
begins at conception, the blastocyst is a human life and to destroy it is immoral and
unacceptable.
Like any other new technology, it is also completely unknown what the long-term
effects of such an interference with nature could materialize.
According to a new research, stem cell therapy was used on heart disease patients. It
was found that it can make their coronary arteries narrower.
A disadvantage of most adult stem cells is that they are pre-specialized, for instance,
blood stem cells make only blood, and brain stem cells make only brain cells.
These are derived from embryos that are not a patient's own and the patient's body
may reject them.
16. Our Opinion
In conclusion, Stem Cells offer exciting promise for future therapies, but
there is still research to be done in this domain before we can utilize them to
their fullest potential.