A steam power plant generates electrical power through a process of converting the chemical energy in fossil fuels into mechanical energy that drives electric generators. Coal is burned to produce steam and raise the steam's temperature and pressure in boilers. The high-pressure steam spins turbines that are coupled to generators, converting the mechanical energy to electrical energy. Steam power plants provide electric power and steam for industrial processes like manufacturing.
INTRODUCTION
THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE OF STEAM FLOW
RANKINE CYCLE (IDEAL , ACTUAL ,REHEAT)
LAYOUT OF STEAM POWER PLANT
MAJOR COMPONENTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS
ALTERNATOR
EXCITATION SYSTEM
GOVERNING SYSTEM
introduction to thermal powerplant,type of thermal powerplant,captive powerplant,rankin cycle,co-generation powerplant,subcritical powerplant,supercritical powerplant,theory of operation,working principle,parts of powerplant,boiler,turbine,etc
INTRODUCTION
THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE OF STEAM FLOW
RANKINE CYCLE (IDEAL , ACTUAL ,REHEAT)
LAYOUT OF STEAM POWER PLANT
MAJOR COMPONENTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS
ALTERNATOR
EXCITATION SYSTEM
GOVERNING SYSTEM
introduction to thermal powerplant,type of thermal powerplant,captive powerplant,rankin cycle,co-generation powerplant,subcritical powerplant,supercritical powerplant,theory of operation,working principle,parts of powerplant,boiler,turbine,etc
A short presentation about the different components of a steam power plant. It first tells us what's a steam power plant and then explains how electricity is generated by them.
This PPT contains introduction and types of thermal power plants, WORKING PRINCIPLE, LAYOUT AND WORKING OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, WORKING PRINCIPLE OF COAL BASED POWER PLANT, SITE SELECTION OF THERMAL POWER PLANT,GENERAL LAYOUT AND WORKING OF COAL BASED THERMAL POWER PLANT, PRESENT STATUS OF COAL-FIRED THERMAL POWER PLANT, WASTE GENERATED IN THERMAL POWER PLANTS AND MANAGEMENT , TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF WASTE GENERATED IN THERMAL POWER PLANTS.
The Thermal Power Station burns fuel & uses the resultant to make the steam, which derives the turbo generator. The Fuel i.e. coal is burnt in pulverized from. The pressure energy of the steam produce is converted into mechanical energy with the help of turbine. The mechanical energy is fed to the generator where the magnet rotate inside a set of stator winding & thus electricity is produced in India 65% of total power is generated by thermal power stations. To understand the working of the Thermal Power Station plant, we can divide the whole process into following parts.
The presentation details the various components, thermodynamics cycle of a thermal power plant. the complete presentation can be downloaded from www.mechieprojects.com
The Rankine cycle or Rankine Vapor Cycle is the process widely used by power plants such as coal-fired power plants or nuclear reactors. In this mechanism, a fuel is used to produce heat within a boiler, converting water into steam which then expands through a turbine producing useful work.
The steam-electric power station is a power station in which the electric generator is steam driven.
A steam turbine is a prime mover in which the potential energy of the steam is transformed into kinetic energy and later in its turn is transformed into the mechanical energy of rotation of the turbine shaft
A short presentation about the different components of a steam power plant. It first tells us what's a steam power plant and then explains how electricity is generated by them.
This PPT contains introduction and types of thermal power plants, WORKING PRINCIPLE, LAYOUT AND WORKING OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, WORKING PRINCIPLE OF COAL BASED POWER PLANT, SITE SELECTION OF THERMAL POWER PLANT,GENERAL LAYOUT AND WORKING OF COAL BASED THERMAL POWER PLANT, PRESENT STATUS OF COAL-FIRED THERMAL POWER PLANT, WASTE GENERATED IN THERMAL POWER PLANTS AND MANAGEMENT , TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF WASTE GENERATED IN THERMAL POWER PLANTS.
The Thermal Power Station burns fuel & uses the resultant to make the steam, which derives the turbo generator. The Fuel i.e. coal is burnt in pulverized from. The pressure energy of the steam produce is converted into mechanical energy with the help of turbine. The mechanical energy is fed to the generator where the magnet rotate inside a set of stator winding & thus electricity is produced in India 65% of total power is generated by thermal power stations. To understand the working of the Thermal Power Station plant, we can divide the whole process into following parts.
The presentation details the various components, thermodynamics cycle of a thermal power plant. the complete presentation can be downloaded from www.mechieprojects.com
The Rankine cycle or Rankine Vapor Cycle is the process widely used by power plants such as coal-fired power plants or nuclear reactors. In this mechanism, a fuel is used to produce heat within a boiler, converting water into steam which then expands through a turbine producing useful work.
The steam-electric power station is a power station in which the electric generator is steam driven.
A steam turbine is a prime mover in which the potential energy of the steam is transformed into kinetic energy and later in its turn is transformed into the mechanical energy of rotation of the turbine shaft
A generating station in which diesel engine is used as the prime mover for the generation of electrical energy
is known as Diesel power station or Diesel power plant
Microwave wireless power transmission systemUday Wankar
One of the major issue in power system is the losses occurs during the transmission and distribution of electrical power. As the demand increases day by day, the power generation increases and the power loss is also increased. The major amount of power loss occurs during transmission and distribution. The percentage of loss of power during transmission and distribution is approximated as 26%. The main reason for power loss during transmission and distribution is the resistance of wires used for grid. The efficiency of power transmission can be improved to certain level by using high strength composite overhead conductors and underground cables that use high temperature super conductor. But, the transmission is still inefficient. According to the World Resources Institute (WRI), India’s electricity grid has the highest transmission and distribution losses in the world – a whopping 27%. Numbers published by various Indian government agencies put that number at 30%,40% and greater than 40%. This is attributed to technical losses (grid’s inefficiencies) and theft. Any problem can be solved by state of the art technology. The above discussed problem can be solved by choose an alternative option for power transmission which could provide much higher efficiency, low transmission cost and avoid power theft. Microwave Power Transmission is one of the promising technologies and may be the righteous alternative for efficient power transmission.
Energy saving and pollution control in urea plant though prilling tower and o...Prem Baboo
In Prilling Tower the ambient air is used as the cooling air stream for this process. In hot days, the temperature of the product at the bottom of the tower are hot that cannot be packed directly.Prilling tower have variable opening louvers system, this helps to control air intake flow to prilling tower at bottom, which is very useful in rainy seasons as CRH (critical relative humidity) of urea becomes less than atmospheric humidity and prills tends to absorb moisture from air. Humidity of air along the height of tower increases due to evaporation of moisture from prills. Rate of change of humidity at the top is more than that at the bottom indicates most of the moisture is removed at the top when the prills is in the liquid stage. In addition, in hot/ humid days, the prills form lamps and cakes with each other. To overcome this problem the bulk flow cooler (BFC) or cooling fluidized dryer (CFD) are used.
A mathematical hydrodynamics, heat, and mass transfer between the urea and the cooling air is developed. The prilling tower is the source of pollution in form of dust and ammonia and that can be control by simple technic also energy saving in terms of ammonia saving, ammonia is the harmful pollutant if you vent and useful product if you recovers.
Hydrologic data generally consist of a sequence of observations of some phase of the hydrologic cycle made at a particular site. The data may be a record of the discharge of a stream at a particular place, or it may be a record of the amount of rainfall caught in a particular rain gage.
Although for most hydrologic purposes a long record is preferred to a short one, the user should recognize that the longer the record the greater the chance that there has been a change in the physical conditions of the basin or in the methods of data collection. If these are appreciable, the composite record would represent only a nonexistent condition and not one that existed either before or after the change. Such a record is inconsistent.
College minor project and report seminar for electrical engineering student on Thermal power plant.
Project report on electricity generation in thermal power plant using coal.
Mejia Thermal Power Station is located at Durlovpur, Bankura, 35 km from Durgapur city in West Bengal. The power plant is one of the coal based power plants of DVC
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. • A steam power plant converts the chemical energy of the
fossil fuel (Coal) into mechanical energy/electrical energy.
• This is done by raising the steam in the boilers, expanding
it through the turbines and coupling the turbines to the
generators which converts mechanical energy to electrical
energy.
• Purposes of Steam Power Plant
1. to produce electric power
2. to produce steam for industrial processes like textile,
food manufacturers, paper mills etc.
Introduction
3.
4.
5.
6. LAW OF CONSERVATION OF
ENERGY
Chemical energy of fuel
Heat energy in furnace
Heat energy of medium water
Kinetic energy of turbine rotor
Electromotive force
Electricity generation
7. Division of a Steam power plant
Coal Handling Plant
Water Treatment Plant
Fuel and Ash Plant
Feed Water and Steam Plant
Cooling Water Plant
8. Coal and Ash handling plant:
Coal arrives at the storage yard and after necessary handling passes
to the furnace through fuel feeding device. Ash after combustion
collects at the back of the boiler and is removed to the ash storage
yard.
Air and Gas handling plant:
Air is taken in from the atmosphere through the action of a forced
or induced draught fan and passes on to the furnace through the air
preheater, where it has been preheated by the flue gases which pass
to the chimney via preheater.
Feed water and Steam flow plant:
Condensate leaving the condenser is first heated in a closed feed
water heater through extracted steam from the lowest pressure
extraction point of turbine. -deaerator- economiser -boiler.
11. ASH HANDLING PLANT
The Ash from the boiler is collected in two forms:
1. Bottom Ash(Slurry) It’s a waste which is dumped into a Ash Pond
2. Fly ash: Fly ash is separated from Flue Gases in ESP(Electro static
Precipitator).
Fly Ash &
Flue
Gases
Economizer ESP
Bottom
ash(wet ash)
Ash Pond
Boiler
Cylo
Chimney
Fly ash
Flue Gases
Cement Factory
12. In Boiler the water circulates due to difference in density of
water in the lower temp. and higher temperatures of boiler
Wet steam from boiler is heated up in Superheater----
Prime mover---HP turbine---Superheater----LP turbine----
-condenser ---hot well.
Cooling water circuit:
The cooling water supply to the condenser helps in
maintaining a low pressure in it. Water may be taken from
a natural source.
13. Components of Steam Power Plant
1. Boiler 7. Boiler feed pump
• Superheater 8. Wagon Tippler
• Reheater 9. Crusher house
• Economiser 10. Coal Mill
• Air-heater 11. Induced draught fan
2. Steam Turbine 12. Ash Precipitators
3. Generator 13. Boiler Chimney
4. Condenser 14. Forced draught fan
5. Cooling Tower 15. Water treatment plant
6. Circulating Water Pump 16. Control room
17. Switch yard
14. Steam generating plant
The steam generating plant consists of a boiler for the
production of steam and other auxiliary equipment for
the utilization of flue gases
1) Boiler: The heat of combustion
in the boiler is utilized
to convert water into steam at
high temperature and pressure
16. Steam generating plant
2) Super heater: The steam produced in boiler is wet
and is passed through a super heater where it is dried
and superheated. Hence Increases efficiency
17. Steam generating plant
3) Economizer:
It’s essentially a feed
water heater and
derives heat from the
flue gases
18. Steam generating plant
4) Air Preheater: Increases the temperature of the air
supplied for coal burning by deriving heat from flue
gases. Air is drawn from the atmosphere by a forced
drought fan and is passed through air preheater before
supplying to the boiler furnace.
19. Steam Turbine
Dry and superheated steam from superheater is fed to
the steam turbine.
The heat energy of steam when passing over the blades
of turbine is converted into mechanical energy.
After giving energy to the turbine, the steam is
exhausted to the condenser which condenses the
exhausted steam by means of cold water circulation
20. ‘Turbo Machine’ is defined as a device that extracts
energy from a continuously flowing fluid by the dynamic
action of one or more rotating elements .
The prefix ‘turbo’ is a Latin word meaning ‘spin’ or ‘whirl’
implying that turbo machines rotate in some way.
22. A steam turbine is mainly used as an ideal prime mover in
which heat energy is transformed into mechanical energy in
the form of rotary motion.
A steam turbine is used in
1. Electric power generation in thermal power plants.
2. Steam power plants.
3. To propel the ships, submarines.
In steam turbines, the heat energy of the steam is first
converted into kinetic (velocity) energy which in turn is
transformed into mechanical energy of rotation and then
drives the generator for the power generation.
23. Based on action of steam or type of expansion:
1. Impulse or velocity or De Laval turbine
2. Reaction or pressure or Parson’s turbine
3. Combination turbine
Based on number of stages:
1. Single stage turbine 2. Multi-stage turbine
Based on type of steam flow:
1. Axial flow turbine 2. Radial flow turbine
24.
25.
26. The steam is made to fall
in its pressure by
expanding in a nozzle. Due
to this fall in pressure, a
certain amount of heat
energy is converted into
kinetic energy, which sets
the steam to flow with a
greater velocity.
The rapidly moving particles of the steam enter the
rotating part of the turbine, where it undergoes a
change in the direction of motion, which gives rise to
a change of momentum and therefore a force. This
constitutes the driving force of the turbine.
27. Impulse Turbines (De Laval
Turbine)
In this type of turbine, steam is initially expanded in a nozzle from high
pressure to low pressure. High velocity jet of steam coming out of the nozzle
is made to glide over a curved vane, called ‘Blade’.
The jet of steam gliding over the blade gets deflected very closely to
surface. This causes the particles of steam to suffer a change in the
direction of motion, which gives rise to a change of momentum and
therefore a force, which will be centrifugal in nature.
Resultant of all these centrifugal forces acting on the entire curved
surface of the blade causes it to move.
28. Reaction steam Turbine
Principle of working -
In this type of turbine, the high
pressure steam does not
initially expand in the nozzle as
in the case of impulse turbine,
but instead directly passes onto
the moving blades.
Blade shapes of reaction
turbines are designed in such a
way that the steam flowing
between the blades will be
subjected to the nozzle effect.
Hence, the pressure of the
steam drops continuously as it
flows over the blades causing,
simultaneous increase in the
velocity of the steam.
29. Impulse Turbine Reaction Turbine
The steam expands (pressure drops)
completely in nozzles or in the fixed
blades
The steam expands both in the fixed
and moving blades continuously as it
flows over them
The blades have symmetrical profile
of uniform section
The blades have converging (aerofoil)
profile
The steam pressure while passing
over the blades remains constant
The steam pressure while passing
over the blades gradually drops
Because of large initial pressure drop,
the steam and turbine speeds are
very high
Because of gradual pressure drop,
the steam and turbine speeds are low
The nozzles are fitted to the
diaphragm (the partition disc between
the stages of the turbine)
The fixed blades attached to the
casing serve as nozzles
Difference between Impulse & Reaction Turbines
30. Impulse Turbine Reaction Turbine
Power is obtained only due to the
impulsive force of the incoming
steam
Power is obtained due to impulsive
force of incoming steam as well as
reaction of exit steam
Suitable for small capacity of power
generation & occupies less space per
unit power
Suitable for medium & high
capacity power generation and
occupies more space per unit
power
Efficiency is lesser Efficiency is higher
Compounding is necessary to reduce
speed
Compounding is not necessary
31. Compounding of Impulse Turbines
As the complete expansion of steam takes in one stage (i.e., the entire pressure drop from
high pressure to low pressure takes place in only one set of nozzles), the turbine rotor
rotates at very high speed of about 30,000 rpm (K.E. is fully absorbed).
High speed poses number of technical difficulties like destruction of machine by the large
centrifugal forces developed, increase in vibrations, quick overheating of blades,
impossibility of direct coupling to other machines, etc.
To overcome the above difficulties, the expansion of steam is performed in several stages.
Utilization of the high pressure energy of the steam by expanding it in successive stages
is called Compounding.
Methods of Compounding:
Velocity compounding (Curtis Impulse Turbine)
Pressure compounding
Pressure-velocity compounding
32. Velocity compounding
Comprise of nozzles and two or more rows of moving blades arranged in
series. In between two rows of moving blades, one set of guide (fixed)
blades are suitably arranged.
Guide (fixed) blades are fixed to casing and are stationary.
39. Alternator
Steam turbine is coupled to an alternator which
converts the mechanical energy to electrical energy
The electrical output of the alternator is delivered to
the bus bars through transformer, circuit breakers and
isolators.
40. Feed Water
The condensate from the condenser is used as feed
water to the boiler.
The water that may be lost in the cycle is made up
from the external source
The feed water on its way to boiler gets heated up by
water heaters and economiser.
This helps to improve the overall efficiency of the plant
41. Selection of Site
1. Availability of raw material.
2. Nature of land.
3. Cost of land.
4. Availability of water.
5. Transport facilities
6. Ash disposal facilities
7. Availability of labour
8. Size of plant
9. Load centre
10. Public Problems
11. Future Extension