Steam turbines work by converting the heat energy of high-pressure steam into kinetic energy as it passes through stationary and moving blades. The pressure and velocity of the steam decreases as it expands through the turbine. Modern steam turbines use multiple stages, with reheating of steam between stages to improve efficiency. Impulse turbines experience most pressure drop in nozzles before the steam hits moving blades, while reaction turbines see more gradual pressure reduction across both stationary and moving blades. Proper blade design and flow control mechanisms allow steam turbines to efficiently generate power from steam at consistent speeds.
In Combustion Gas Turbines you will learn the operating principles of the compressor, the combustion chamber, and turbine section. You will also learn about the construction of the compressor, combustion chamber, and turbine section; the blading arrangement; and the use of the turbine as a driver and hot-gas generator. Also covered is turbine auxiliary equipment such as starting devices, governors, and overspeed mechanisms, and their functions. In Combustion Gas Turbines presentation you will learn about the functions of casing seals, bearings and lubrication in a combustion gas turbine. The slides also covers the control and operation of combustion gas turbines, including start-up, operating, and shutdown procedures, and the control of vibration, critical speed, and turbine imbalance. Finally, you will learn about temperature control, the use of turning gears, and turbine control using the automated control panel. Through this understanding of turbine principles, construction, and control, you will be better able to secure efficient and safe turbine operation.
In Combustion Gas Turbines you will learn the operating principles of the compressor, the combustion chamber, and turbine section. You will also learn about the construction of the compressor, combustion chamber, and turbine section; the blading arrangement; and the use of the turbine as a driver and hot-gas generator. Also covered is turbine auxiliary equipment such as starting devices, governors, and overspeed mechanisms, and their functions. In Combustion Gas Turbines presentation you will learn about the functions of casing seals, bearings and lubrication in a combustion gas turbine. The slides also covers the control and operation of combustion gas turbines, including start-up, operating, and shutdown procedures, and the control of vibration, critical speed, and turbine imbalance. Finally, you will learn about temperature control, the use of turning gears, and turbine control using the automated control panel. Through this understanding of turbine principles, construction, and control, you will be better able to secure efficient and safe turbine operation.
A steam turbine is a prime mover in which the potential energy of the steam is transformed into kinetic energy and later in its turn is transformed into the mechanical energy of rotation of the turbine shaft
College minor project and report seminar for electrical engineering student on Thermal power plant.
Project report on electricity generation in thermal power plant using coal.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
A steam turbine is a prime mover in which the potential energy of the steam is transformed into kinetic energy and later in its turn is transformed into the mechanical energy of rotation of the turbine shaft
College minor project and report seminar for electrical engineering student on Thermal power plant.
Project report on electricity generation in thermal power plant using coal.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
2. What is a turbine
• A Turbine is a device which converts the heat energy of steam into the kinetic
energy & then to rotational energy.
• The Power in a steam turbine is obtained by the rate of change in momentum of
a high velocity jet of steam impinging on a curved blade which is free to rotate.
• The basic cycle for the steam turbine power plant is the Rankine cycle.
• The modern Power plant uses the rankine cycle modified to include superheating,
regenerative feed water heating & reheating.
3. INTRODUCTION OF STEAM TURBINE
• STEAM TURBINE is a prime mover in which pressure energy of steam is converted
into mechanical energy & further electrical energy.
• CLASSIFICATION OF STEAM TURBINE
• Simple impulse turbine
• Reaction turbine
5. Principles of operation
• The power in a steam turbine is obtained by the rate of change in momentum of
a high velocity jet of steam impinging on a curved blade which is free to rotate.
• The steam from the boiler is expanded in a nozzle, resulting in the emission of a
high velocity jet. This jet of steam impinges on the moving vanes or blades,
mounted on a shaft. Here it undergoes a change of direction of motion which
gives rise to a change in momentum and therefore a force.
• Steam turbines are mostly 'axial flow' types; the steam flows over the blades in a
direction Parallel to the axis of the wheel. 'Radial flow' types are rarely used.
6. Simple Impulse turbine
• In this type, the drop in pressure takes place in fixed nozzles as well as moving
blades. The pressure drops suffered by steam while passing through the moving
blades causes a further generation of kinetic energy within these blades, giving
rise to reaction and add to the propelling force, which is applied through the
rotor to the turbine shaft. The blade passage cross-sectional area is varied
(converging type).
7. Reaction turbine
• In the reaction turbine high pressure steam from the boiler, passes through the
nozzle. When the steam comes out through these nozzles the velocity of steam
increases & then strike on fixed blade. In this type of turbine there is a gradually
pressure drop takes place over fixed & moving blade.
8. Difference b/w Impulse and Reaction Turbine
The main difference between impulse and
reaction turbine lies in the way in which
steam is expanded while it moves throw
them In the former type steam expands in
the nozzle and its pressure doesn’t change as
it moves over the blades while in the later
types the steam expands continuously as it
passes over the blades and thus there is a
gradual fall in pressure during expansion
9. Advantages of Steam turbines:
• Thermal Efficiency of a Steam Turbine is much higher than that of a steam engine
• The Steam Turbine develops power at a uniform rate and hence does not
required Flywheel
• If the Steam Turbine is properly designed and constructed then it is the most
durable Prime Mover
• In a steam turbine there is no loss due to initial condensation of steam
• In Steam Turbine no friction losses are there
10. Disadvantages of steam turbines
• High efficiency is ordinarily obtained only at high speed
• Gas turbine locomotives had similar problems, together with a range of
other difficulties
• These devices are heavy and cumbersome
• Turbines can rotate in only one direction
12. Steam turbines have air foiled shape
When high energy fluid passes over it this air
foiled shape creates pressure difference
This will create a lift force
Lift Force
13. • The lift force rotates the turbine
• The energy of the fluid is transferred
to mechanical energy of rotor
Flow Energy Mechanical Energy
Fluid has three forms of Energy
1. Speed (Kinetic Energy)
2. Pressure
3. Temperature
14. • To increase velocity the fluid is
entered through stator section
• Stator is stationary and is attached to
turbine case
• Flow area decreases along stator
• The speed thus increases
• The stator acts like a nozel
• As the speed of jet increses in stator,
K.E increases
• As there is not net energy transfer in
fluid in stator section, the pressure
and temperature of the jet should
decrease to keep total energy
constant
15. • Next row of rotor is added the stator also makes sure that flow coming out is at
optimum angle of attack to the next rotor set.
• After that another nozel set is added
• Many such sets are used to th esteam turbine
An important Term
Degree of reaction
16. • The degree of reaction decides what type of steam turbine it is
• Impulse or Reaction
• Pressure of steam drastically decreases its volume increses
proportionally
Ideal Gas Law
𝑉 ∝
1
𝑃
17. • To accommodate such an expended steam we have to increase the flow area
otherwise the flow speed will become too high
• This is why steam turbine blades are too long towards the outlet
Last Stage blade
First Stage blade
Twisted blade
High Velocity
Tips of such blades have very
high velocity compared to
the root
Twist is given to all blade
cross-section should remain
at an optimum angle of attack
18. This type of turbine uses to such
symmetrical units
Steam is equally divided between
these units
19. • High capacity power plants uses different stages of steam turbines
20. • All units are attached to single rotating shaft
Shaft connected
to the generator
21. Reason of different stages
Greater steam temperature results in greater plant efficiency
Second Law of Thermodynamics
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1 −
𝑇𝐶
𝑇𝐻
Maximum allowed temperature is 600 deree celcius above this
temperature the blades of turbine will melt
23. After first stage pipe is passed to boiler and more heat is added
This will increase steam temperature again leading to higher plant
efficiency and output
24. One challenging problem is to keep turbine speed constant
This is important because the frequency of electricity produced is
proportional to generator speed
Depending on the load demand
the steam turbine will vary
25. To keep steam turbine constant a steam flow governing mechanism is used
If steam turbine rotates at higher speed the control valve will automatically reduce
the speed of flow rate to turbine until the speed becomes normal
Balance of power demand and power supply will perfectly synchronized
Editor's Notes
As the blades absorb energy from fluid all three forms of energy comes down