Biosecurity is a practice designed to prevent the spread of disease onto farm. Biosecurity is the cheapest, most effective means of disease control available. No disease prevention program will work without it, Commercial poultry growers should be familiar with the specifics of their company’s biosecurity protocols and work closely with company representatives to implement those programs

1. STATUS OF LIVE POULTRY AND EVALUATION ON
BIO-SECURITY CONDITIONS AMONG THE
COMMERCIAL BROILER POULTRY FARMS
OF
KATHMANDU, NEPAL
Pradhuman Yadav
B.V.Sc & A.H

2. Introduction
 Livestock is the source of livelihood, income
generation and employment.
 The contribution of the livestock is It 33.1
percent of share to the GDP (MOAD
2014/2015).
 21,956 farm/farmers engaged in commercial
poultry farming.
 Per capita meat availability of commercial
poultry is 4.1 kg/year. Per capita egg availability
is 43.7 egg/year, (CBS, 2016).

3. Introduction contd….
 Biosecurity is a practice designed to prevent the
spread of disease onto farm.
 Biosecurity is the cheapest, most effective means
of disease control available. No disease
prevention program will work without it, (Joan,
1997).
 Commercial poultry growers should be familiar
with the specifics of their company’s biosecurity
protocols and work closely with company
representatives to implement those programs,
(Dan and Brian, 2012).

4. Objectives
 General objective
 To know the status of live poultry and evaluate on
the biosecurity conditions among the commercial
broiler poultry farms of Kathmandu district.

5. Objectives Contd…
 Specific objectives
 To determine the status of live broiler poultry in
Kathmandu district by questionnaire survey
technique.
 To study the evaluation of bio-security conditions in
broiler farms of Kathmandu district by questionnaire
survey technique.

6. Justification of study
 The consumption of white meat is increasing due
to growing health consciousness in the masses.
 Protecting poultry flocks from microorganism
contamination is an extremely important
component of commercial poultry production
environment.

7. Justification Contd…
 The effectiveness of a biosecurity program can be
optimized by regional participation.
 Practicing sound biosecurity procedures every
day as part of a best management program will
help to reduce the possibility of contracting a
disease and will reduce the spread of disease.

8. Limitation of the study
 Time factor and budget
 The limited number of samples
 Study site was confined to Kathmandu district
 Data recording system is not well developed in DLSO
 The data obtained from farmers might be wrong.

9. Methodology
 Site of Study
 Study was conducted in Kathmandu district

10. Methodology Contd...
 Sample Size
 50 broilers poultry farms.
 Questionnaire Survey
 Individual farm from farmers were selected and
history and relevant information was recorded.
 Data Analysis
 Data entry was done in MS Excel.
 Graphs were prepared in Microsoft-Excel.

11. Results And Discussions
Status of live poultry
 Flock size
0
90 %
10 %
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
< 500 500-1000 1000-5000 >5000
flock size

12. Results Contd....
 Distance of farms from market
17 %
31 %
23 %
29 %
0
5
10
15
20
5 km 10 km 15 km 20 km
Distance

13. Results Contd....
Biosecurity
 Practices of Biosecurity conditions in farms
Yes No
All in all out system
followed
50 (100%) 0 (0.00) %
Provision of foot dipping 22 (44%) 28 (56%)
Fenced farm 1 (2%) 49 (98%)
Application of lime 13 (26%) 37 (74%)
Visitors allowed to enter the
farm
4 (8%) 46 (92%)

14. Results Contd....
Yes No
Mix birds from unknown
origin
0 (0.00%) 50 (100%)
Entrance of wild bird 0 (0.00%) 50 (100%)
Separate slippers, goods
etc. while working
50 (100%) 0 (0.00%)
Change dress while
entering farm
4 (8%) 46 (92%)

15. Results Contd....
Yes No
Farm is attached with
technical persons
50 (100%) 0 (0.00%)
Disinfection of farm in
regular basis
50 (100%) 0 (0.00%)
Wash hand with soap
after touching the birds
50 (100%) 0 (0.00%)

16. Results Contd....
 History of disease in farms
56%
44%
History of disease occurrence
yes no

17. Results Contd....
 Provision of spraying the visitor and vehicles
42%
58%
Spraying the visitor and vehicles
yes no

18. Results Contd....
Results of general questions
 Source of feed
0
20
40
60
Ready feeed Own prepared
Source of feed
Source of feed

19. Results Contd....
 Uses of antibiotics
2%
98%
Uses of anitibiotics
As a precautionary measure If a disease is diagnosed

20. Results Contd....
 Main sources of water supply
62%
38%
Source of water
Tap water
Tube well

21. Discussion
 Training and education of poultry handlers regarding
the basic concepts and requirements of personal
hygiene (Adams and Moss, 1997).
 Poultry handlers should furthermore understand the
risks associated with contamination by microbiological
hazards.
 Poultry handlers are found that they won’t were
overalls, hairnets, hardhats and gumboots.
 Van Zyl, (1995), proposed that the overalls, hairnets,
hardhats, gumboots and aprons should at all times be
worn by poultry handlers.

22. Discussions contd…
 Ziady, Small and Louis (1997), explained that the
poultry handlers must undergo medical
examinations.
 Poultry handlers are probable sources of
contaminations from micro organisms.
 The hands of poultry handlers generally reflect the
environment and also the habits of an individual
(Jay, 1996).
 Vehicles are also a potential source of diseases on
the farms. The driver should observe all the
required bio-security protocols, (Ali, 2011).

23. Conclusion
 The production of poultry has not been well sufficient
to fulfill the national demand, production by small
holders being a major limiting factor.
 The products of poultry (egg and meat) have always
been playing in uplifting the life standard of small
holders and total GDP of the country.
 In most of the poultry farms good biosecurity practices
was not enough. Implementation and maintained of a
package of biosecurity measures, regular monitoring
will lower the probability of contamination in poultry
farms.

24. Recommendation
 Government and the consult authority have to take
initiative to the enforcement of biosecurity.
 At least foot bath should be established in each farm
before the entry to the farm.
 Organization of training courses for poultry handlers to
spread awareness about biosecurity principles, training
and capacity building on biosecurity measures.
 No visitors should be allowed to the farms.
 Handling and transportation with best biosecurity
measures.