Stages of Project Development

Professor: Dr. Josefina Bitonio
Stages of
PROJECT
DEVELOPMENT
By: Angelico S. Ventenilla, RN & Khemberly B. Peralta, RN
MPA 209 – Project Planning and Development

Project Development
Project Development is the systematic
use of resources, knowledge and
practices to design and implement a
given project and meet its goals and
objectives under specific requirements.
http://www.taskmanagementguide.com/glossary/what-is-project-development.php

Define the project
General Stages in Developing a Project
Select an appropriate strategy of project implementation
Estimate project cost
Mitigate risks and exploit opportunities
Allocate necessary resources
Establish success evaluation criteria
Plan for project sustainability
Implement the project by the plan
Manage change and variance
Test the project against success evaluation criteria
Accept/reject project results.
http://www.taskmanagementguide.com/gl
ossary/what-is-project-development.php

PLANNING TOOLS
Problem Analysis
Strategies Analysis
Alternatives Analysis
Objectives Analysis
Stakeholder Analysis
By: Angelico S. Ventenilla, RN
MPA 209 – Project Planning and Development

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
1. Problem Tree Analysis
Problem tree analysis is central to many
forms of project planning and is well
developed among development agencies.
It helps find solutions by mapping out the
anatomy of cause and effect around an
issue in a similar way to a Mind map, but
with more structure
OVERSEAS DEVELOPMENT INSTITUE
https://www.odi.org/publications/5258
-planning-tools-problem-tree-analysis

http://web.mit.edu/urbanupgrading/upgrading/issues-tools/tools/problem-tree.html
Steps in
Problem Tree Analysis
01 List all problems that come to mind
02 Identify a core problem
03
Determine which problems are
“Causes” and which are “Effects.”
04 Arrange in hierarchy both Causes
and Effects

LOW LEVEL OF
PREPAREDNESS & RESPONSE
Limited DRRM related
trainings done at
Barangay Level
Lack of updated
Barangay Disaster
Contingency Plan
Inadequate simulations/exercises
and drills for different disasters
Affected areas are not
properly identified
Absence of
Evacuation Plan
Increased number of
disaster related death
PANIC
Delayed Emergency
Response
More properties
are lost
People will be at higher
risk of potential injuries
EFFECTS
CAUSES
CORE PROBLEM

Stakeholder analysis is a process of identifying people before
the project begins; grouping them according to their levels of
participation, interest, and influence in the project; and
determining how best to involve and communicate each of
these stakeholder groups throughout
https://www.productplan.com/glossary/stakeholder-analysis/
2. Stakeholder Analysis

Stakeholder analysis is best accomplished before a
project is initiated or at some beginning phase.
The team members should have sufficient levels of
trust amongst themselves to carefully reveal these
issues and deal with potentially undiplomatic
information.
https://www.pmi.org/learning/library/stakeholder-analysis-pivotal-practice-projects-8905

1. To enlist the help of key organizational players.
PURPOSE
2. To gain early alignment among all stakeholders
on goals and plans.
3. To help address conflicts or issues early on..

PowerPoint
Presentation
Determining whether stakeholders in a position of strong influence hold
negative interests may be critical to project success. This level of
understanding can best be reached by conducting a formal assessment of
each stakeholder’s level of importance and influence to the project.
The stakeholders should be listed in a table or spreadsheet with their key interests,
potential level of impact to the project, and priority in relation to other stakeholders.
The key is to keep in mind that identifying interests is done with the stakeholder’s
perspective in mind, not ours.
To be classified as a stakeholder, the person or group must have some
interest or level of influence that can impact the project. We would
benefit not only from understanding their interests, but also from
understanding the potential project impact if a need were not met.
Stakeholder Analysis Approach
1
2
5
4
3
Identify Project
Stakeholders
Identify Stakeholders
Interests, Impact Level,
and Relative Priority
Outline
Assumptions
and Risks
Assess Stakeholders
for Importance
and Influence
Define
Stakeholder
Participation
Project success also depends on the validity of key
assumptions and risks. In relation to stakeholders, risks are
manifest when there are conflicting needs and expectations.
A well-designed project will not only clarify
key stakeholder roles, but will define as
much as possible who participates when.
With some stakeholders it may be crucial to extract interests
by formally asking them questions such as:
•What are your expectations of this project?
•How does the successful completion of the project benefit you?
•Are there any stakeholders that may conflict with your interest?
•Which stakeholders do you believe are in conflict with your interests?
https://www.pmi.org/learning/library/stakeholder-analysis-pivotal-practice-projects-8905
To be classified as a stakeholder, the person or group
must have some interest or level of influence that can
impact the project. We would benefit not only from
understanding their interests, but also from
understanding the potential project impact if a need
were not met.
The stakeholders should be listed in a table or
spreadsheet with their key interests, potential level of
impact to the project, and priority in relation to other
stakeholders.
The key is to keep in mind that identifying interests is
done with the stakeholder’s perspective in mind, not ours.
Determining whether stakeholders in a position of
strong influence hold negative interests may be
critical to project success. This level of
understanding can best be reached by conducting
a formal assessment of each stakeholder’s level of
importance and influence to the project.
Project success also depends on the
validity of key assumptions and risks. In
relation to stakeholders, risks are
manifest when there are conflicting
needs and expectations.
A well-designed project will not only clarify
key stakeholder roles, but will define as
much as possible who participates when.

Key concerns
Stakeholder Matrix
a stakeholder communication matrix can be
developed describing the following, in terms
of each of the identified stakeholders:
Existing communication methods
Key messages
More effective communication methods
Who can help
https://www.iaea.org/resources/nuclear-communicators-toolbox/methods/planning/stakeholder-analysis

Stakeholder
Matrix
Sample
(International Atomic
Energy Agency)

LEGAL
Is the process
supported by laws?
Do they trust the
actors?
Is the regulator
applying laws, etc.
correctly?
ETHICAL
Is this a burden on
future generations?
Is the project
unfairly targeting
poor communities,
indigenous groups,
etc.?
ECONOMIC
What’s in it for them
(benefits)?
Will it destroy
businesses or local
tourism etc.?
(disadvantages)
Is this a correct use
of funds by
government?
TECHNOLOGICAL
They may not trust
the concept or
technology.
They may believe
there are too many
uncertainties.
They may fear
nuclear, especially
waste.
Key Concerns

SOCIETAL
What impacts will there
be on local wildlife?
Will construction destroy
the environment with
impacts from dust?
What about health,
safety, transport?
ECOLOGICAL /
ENVIRONMENTAL
Opponents will not want to
follow the nuclear path,
preferring other energy
sources.
Supporters will not want to
let the lights go out;
they will trust the
technology.
POLITICAL
What will be the cost to the
national budget?
This development was not in
the local plan.
This is not their party’s policy
Can such decisions be left to
politicians, not the people?
Project timescales are longer
than term of office.
Key Concerns

The objectives analysis describes a
future situation that would exist if
all the problems were solved
http://www.fao.org/3/v9741e/v9741e08.htm#:~:text=The%20objectives%20analysis%20describes%20a,into%20positive%20statements%20or%20objectives
Objective Tree Analysis
An Objective Tree is a Problem
Tree that is transformed into a set
of future solutions to the problems.
3. Objectives Analysis

01
Your Text Here
You can simply impress
your audience and add
a unique zing and
appeal to your
Presentations.
As the Objective Tree is transformed from the Problem
Tree, the analysis of problems in the Problem Tree is the
basis and starting point for the Objective Tree analysis.
Aims of the Objective Tree
1. Provide a clear overview of the desired future situation once
problems have been identified and reformulate into objectives
2. Verify the hierarchy of objectives
3. Illustrate the means-ends relationships in a diagram
https://csnm.kku.ac.th/learning/course/module/lesson/108-objective-tree-analysis

https://csnm.kku.ac.th/learning/course/module/lesson/108-objective-tree-analysis
Steps in Formulating
01
02
03
Reformulate all negative statements of the
problem analysis into positive statements that
are desirable and/or realistically achievable
Check the means-ends relationships to ensure
validity and completeness of the hierarchy;
If necessary:
 Revise objective statements
 Add new objectives if these seem to be relevant
and necessary to achieve the objective at the next
higher level
 Delete objectives which are not apparently suitable
or necessary

LOW LEVEL OF
Limited DRRM related
trainings done at
Barangay Level
Lack of updated
Barangay Disaster
Contingency Plan
Inadequate simulations/exercises
and drills for different disasters
Affected areas are not
properly identified
Absence of
Evacuation Plan
Increased number of
disaster related death
PANIC
Delayed Emergency
Response
More properties
are lost
People will be at higher
EFFECTS
CAUSES
CORE PROBLEM
ENDS
MEANS
INCREASED LEVEL OF
More DRRM related
trainings done at
Barangay Level
Conduct adequate
simulations/exercises and drills for
different disasters
Workshop/Seminar for
Barangay Disaster
Contingency Plan done
Affected areas are
properly identified
Presence of
Evacuation Plan
Zero/decreased number
of disaster related death
Calm and Relaxed
Community
On-time Emergency
Response
More properties
are saved
People will be at lower

It is the evaluation of the different choices
available to achieve a particular project
management objective.
A technique used to evaluate identified
options in order to select the options
or approaches to use to execute and
perform the work of the project.
4. Alternatives Analysis
It is an analytical comparison of different
factors like operational cost, risks,
effectiveness as well as the shortfalls
in an operational capability.
Project Management Institute, A Guide to the Project
Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® GUIDE) –
Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute, Inc., 2017

Project Alternative
(Project Option)
“Managing project alternatives means
performing a complex activity dedicated mainly
to identifying alternate methods of achieving
the same results.”
A Project Alternative is another combination of the project’s
costs, schedules, resources, and risks that allow achieving
the same results as compared to the project base-line.
https://mymanagementguide.com/project-alternatives/

Steps in the Implementation
of the Alternatives
Development Process
1. Identification
3. Selection
2. Comparison
https://mymanagementguide.com/project-alternatives/

Thank you
Reporter: ANGELICO S. VENTENILLA, RN

Stages of Project Development

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