Gandhi led non-violent protests in India against British rule through civil disobedience and the famous Salt March. Nationalism grew in India in the 1800s as the British exploited the nation's resources and people. Gandhi's tactics of non-compliance with unfair laws through boycotts and refusal to pay taxes put economic pressure on Britain and eventually led to India gaining independence in 1947 after World War II, though the country was partitioned along religious lines into India and Pakistan.

1. WARM UP
#54

2. Who was Gandhi?
What was the Salt March?
How did Gandhi’s idea of non-violent protest
lead to change in India?

3. Independence of India
SS7H3-The student will analyze continuity
and change in Southern and Eastern Asia
leading to the 21st century.
a.Describe how nationalism led to
independence in India and Vietnam.

4. Nationalism – the loyalty a person has
to their own history, culture, and/or
religion.

5. • Nationalism in India began in the 1800s.
• The British treated the Indians unequally in
the following ways:
– Generally bad treatment
– British got the best jobs
– British got the best education
– Traditional Indian business
shut down because of
competition with
British businesses.

6. Example
Tradtional British Imperialism
• Indian cotton processed • Indian cotton shipped to
into Indian cloth and sold to England for processing
Indian people • English cloth from Indian
• Low prices cotton sent back to India
• (No profits for the British) • And then sold to Indian
people for inflated prices.
• British profit is high.

7. To whom else might the British
sell the cloth?
How does demand fit into the
inflated prices when the cloth is sold
to the Indian people?

8. Two groups fighting for Indian rights
1. Indian National Congress (1885) – mainly
made up of Hindu Indians.
2. Muslim League (1906) - Muslim Indians.
As the groups better organized they began to
call for independence

9. During WWI
• Indians fought alongside the British hoping to
gain control of their government.
• Britain promised that India would work
toward self government at the end of the war,
but they broke the promise.
– (Surprise, Surprise…)
– With whom else did the British break a promise at
this same time?

10. Rowlatt Act
• Indians could be sent to jail for 2 years
without a trial.
• Protestors of British rule were arrested under
the Act.

11. Amritsar Massacre
• In April 1919, British troops fired on a large
group of protestors.
• 400 were killed and 1200 wounded.
• This united ALL Indian citizens to call for total
independence.

12. Mohandas Gandhi
• Without violence, Indians should refuse to
follow any unfair British laws.

13. Civil Disobedience
• Gandhi’s non-violent refusal to obey an unfair
law.
– Boycott British made goods
– Refuse to attend 2nd class schools
– Refuse to pay unfair taxes.
• Civil Disobedience began to affect the British
economy.

14. • 1935 – Government of India Act, gave some
self government to India.
• 1939 when WWII began Britain offered to
make India a dominion but Gandhi and Indian
National Congress refused. However they said
they would not take sides.
• The Muslim League supported the British
because they were worried what
independence would bring.

15. • After WWII India was given Independence
• Disputes broke out between Indian Hindus
and Muslims about how the new country
should be organized.
• Each group was influenced more by religion
than by what each had in common.

16. • British colonial leaders decided to divide the
country between the Hindus and Muslims.
– Hindu India (largest)
– East Pakistan
– West Pakistan
• 1947- millions were forced to leave their
homes to move where the government had
ordered.

17. • August 1947, British rule ended and the
independent countries of India, Pakistan and
East Pakistan were formed.