This document discusses trade barriers such as tariffs and quotas that countries impose on imports. Tariffs are taxes on imported goods that raise their prices, making domestic goods more competitive. Quotas limit the quantity of imports allowed, creating shortages that also raise prices of imported goods. While trade barriers protect domestic industries and jobs, they ultimately hurt consumers by reducing competition and choice, and raising the costs of goods. Most economists agree that free trade is better for economic growth.
International economics deals with the economic relations among nations. The resulting interdependence is very important to the economic well-being of most nations of the world and is on the increase. The economic relations among nations differ from the economic relations among the various part of a nation. This gives rise to different problems, requiring somewhat different tools of analysis, and justifies International Economics as a distinct and separate branch of “Applied” Economics.
International economics deals with
1) The Pure Theory of Trade. This examines the basis for trade and the gains from trade.
2) The Theory of Commercial Policy. This studies the reasons for and the results of obstructions to the free flow of trade.
3) The Balance of Payments. This examines a nation’s total payments to and total receipts from the rest of the world. These involve the exchange of one currency with others.
4) Adjustment in the Balance of Payments. This deals with the mechanism of adjustment to balance of payments disequilibria under different international monetary systems.
International trade is distorted by countries applying tariff and non tariff trade barriers.
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International economics deals with the economic relations among nations. The resulting interdependence is very important to the economic well-being of most nations of the world and is on the increase. The economic relations among nations differ from the economic relations among the various part of a nation. This gives rise to different problems, requiring somewhat different tools of analysis, and justifies International Economics as a distinct and separate branch of “Applied” Economics.
International economics deals with
1) The Pure Theory of Trade. This examines the basis for trade and the gains from trade.
2) The Theory of Commercial Policy. This studies the reasons for and the results of obstructions to the free flow of trade.
3) The Balance of Payments. This examines a nation’s total payments to and total receipts from the rest of the world. These involve the exchange of one currency with others.
4) Adjustment in the Balance of Payments. This deals with the mechanism of adjustment to balance of payments disequilibria under different international monetary systems.
International trade is distorted by countries applying tariff and non tariff trade barriers.
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www.youtube.com/b2bwhiteboard
Or join us on Facebook today: www.facebook.com/b2bwhiteboard
Theoretical Part Topics:
1. Introduction to International Trade
2. Trade Barrier & Imperfect Competition
3. Trade Body, Trade Law and Product introduction
4. World Apparel Market and BDG RMG Sector
5. Market and Demand Analysis
6. World Market analysis and Potentialities
7. Introduction to Marketing and Export Promotion
8. Communication Strategy
9. Process of Export and Import
A small and appropriate ppt on EXTERNAL or International trade.You will find everything serially. Hope this will help u guys..........IF something is missing plz comment..,.. and let me know... THANK U
In this presentation, we will discuss about International Economic Cooperation and Agreement in detail, focusing on various International and domestic trade blocs, NAFTA, SAARC and numerous other international commodity agreement.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit: http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
Group 7
AGUILA, Don George Kinsee M.
DIMACULANGAN, Shella H.
DINGLASAN, Rydg Chrejt V.
MANTUANO, Dannah Francesca B.
OLAN, Elona Mathel B.
PAALA, Kaycee Ericka B.
PROMENTILA, Julie Anne E.
A2D - Macecon
Theoretical Part Topics:
1. Introduction to International Trade
2. Trade Barrier & Imperfect Competition
3. Trade Body, Trade Law and Product introduction
4. World Apparel Market and BDG RMG Sector
5. Market and Demand Analysis
6. World Market analysis and Potentialities
7. Introduction to Marketing and Export Promotion
8. Communication Strategy
9. Process of Export and Import
A small and appropriate ppt on EXTERNAL or International trade.You will find everything serially. Hope this will help u guys..........IF something is missing plz comment..,.. and let me know... THANK U
In this presentation, we will discuss about International Economic Cooperation and Agreement in detail, focusing on various International and domestic trade blocs, NAFTA, SAARC and numerous other international commodity agreement.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit: http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
Group 7
AGUILA, Don George Kinsee M.
DIMACULANGAN, Shella H.
DINGLASAN, Rydg Chrejt V.
MANTUANO, Dannah Francesca B.
OLAN, Elona Mathel B.
PAALA, Kaycee Ericka B.
PROMENTILA, Julie Anne E.
A2D - Macecon
2. What is TRADE?
The voluntary exchange of goods and
services among people and countries.
Trade and voluntary exchange occur when
buyers & sellers freely and willingly engage
in market transactions.
When trade is voluntary and non-fraudulent,
both parties benefit and are better off after
the trade than they were before the trade.
3. Free Trade vs. Trade Barriers
Nations can trade freely with each other or
there are trade barriers.
Free Trade: Nothing hinders or gets in the way
from two nations trading with each other.
Sometimes countries complain about trade.
They say that too much trade causes
workers to lose jobs. Therefore, countries
sometimes try to limit trade by creating trade
barriers.
4. Should countries create trade
barriers that limit trade?
It is true that some workers in certain industries may be hurt
by trade.
For example, some US clothing workers have had to
change jobs during the past 30 years because many
clothes are now imported from other countries.
However, this trade allows people in the US to buy quality
clothing imports at good prices, which results in a higher
standard of living for people in the US and for our trading
partners.
For this reason, most economists agree that it is good to let
countries trade as much as possible.
5. Economic Trade Barriers
The most common types of trade barriers are
tariffs and quotas.
A tariff is a tax on imports (imports are goods
purchased from other countries and exports are
goods sold to other countries).
A quota is a specific limit placed on the number
of imports that may enter a country.
Another type of trade barrier is an embargo.
a complete trade block for a political purpose
6. Tariffs
A tariff is a tax put on goods imported from abroad.
The effect of a tariff is to raise the price of the imported
product.
It makes imported goods more expensive so that people
are more likely to purchase domestic products.
EXAMPLE: The European Union removes tariffs between
member nations and imposes tariffs on nonmembers.
7. Quotas
A quota is a limit on the amount of goods that can be
imported.
Putting a quota on a good creates a shortage, which causes
the price of the good to rise and makes the imported goods
less attractive for buyers. This encourages people to buy
domestic products, rather than foreign goods.
EXAMPLE: Brazil could put a quota on foreign made
shoes to 10,000,000 pairs a year. If Brazilians buy
200,000,000 pairs of shoes each year, this would leave
most of the market to Brazilian producers.
8. Embargos
Embargos are government orders which
completely prohibit trade with another
country.
If necessary, the military actually sets up a
blockade to prevent movement of merchant
ships into and out of shipping ports.
9. US-Cuban Trade Embargo
The embargo is the harshest type of trade barrier
and is usually enacted for political purposes to hurt
a country economically and thus undermine the
political leaders in charge.
EXAMPLE: The United States placed an embargo on
Cuba after the Cuban Missile Crisis. We do not trade with
Cuba—this is still in effect today.
10. Benefits of Trade Barriers
Most barriers to trade are designed to prevent
imports from entering a country.
Trade barriers provide many benefits
because they
protect homeland industries from competition.
protect jobs.
help provide extra income for the government.
increase the number of goods people can choose from.
decrease the costs of these goods through increased
competition.
11. Costs of Trade Barriers
Tariffs increase the price of imported goods.
Less competition from world markets means
there is an increase in the price.
The tax on imported goods is passed along
to the consumer so the price of imported
goods is higher.