The document provides information on the founding and goals of the Indian National Congress and Muslim League in India. It discusses key leaders like Gandhi, Nehru, and Jinnah. It also summarizes Gandhi's experiences facing discrimination in South Africa, which influenced his support for independence in India through nonviolent civil disobedience campaigns. Major events discussed include the Amritsar Massacre and Gandhi's noncooperation movements like promoting homespun cloth to reduce dependence on British goods.

1. Blocks
3
&
4
Topic
1
Indian
National
Congress
(INC)
-­‐Founded
on
the
suggestion
of
the
British
Civil
Servant
Allan
Octavian
Hume
-­‐Created
to
form
a
platform
for
civic
and
political
dialogue
of
educated
Indians
with
British
Raj
-­‐Urged
the
British
to
open
more
government
jobs
to
Indians
-­‐Initial
aim
was
to
call
for
gradual
change
and
getting
Indians
a
voice
in
British
Government

3. Jawaharlal
Nehru
-­‐Studied
Law
in
London
-­‐Joined
the
INC
in1919
-­‐Eventually
became
leader
of
the
INC
-­‐Worked
closely
with
Gandhi

4. Topic
2
Muslim
League
-­‐Original
Purpose:
-­‐to
safeguard
the
political
rights
of
Muslims
in
India
-­‐to
create
a
feeling
of
respect
and
goodwill
for
Muslims
in
the
British
Government
-­‐to
protect
Muslim
interests
and
to
convey
their
demands
to
the
British
Government

5. Muhammad
Ali
Jinnah
-­‐Born
December
25,
1876
-­‐Joined
the
INC,
but
didn’t
like
that
is
was
dominated
by
Hindus-­‐
felt
Muslims
had
no
say
-­‐joined
the
Muslim
League
-­‐worked
with
Gandhi
but
did
not
always
agree
with
him
100%
-­‐Wanted
an
Independent
India
and
wanted
to
make
sure
Muslim
Indians
had
rights

6. Topic
3
In
India,
riots
were
breaking
out
and
the
murder
of
5
British
civilians
made
the
British
set
a
curfew
and
ban
public
gatherings
and
meetings
for
Indians.
On
April
13,
1919
at
Amritsar,
India,
a
crowd
of
thousands
of
Indians
were
gathered
in
a
public
garden
to
protest
peacefully.
Reginald
Dyer,
a
British
General,
took
troops
to
Amritsar
and
opened
fire
for
10
minutes
on
the
crowd
without
any
warning.
They
did
not
stop
until
their
ammunition
ran
out
British
records
say
379
people
were
killed
and
1200
were
wounded,
but
many
believe
these
numbers
were
greater

8. The
Amritsar
Massacre
had
a
profound
affect
on:
1.
The
people
of
India
became
more
unified
than
ever
before
in
the
cause
to
get
independence
from
Britain
2.
M.
Gandhi,
who
had
supported
the
British
effort
in
WWI
in
hopes
of
gaining
a
greater
Indian
voice
in
British
rule
of
India,
began
his
first
campaign
of
Civil
Disobedience
against
Great
Britain
in
India
and
became
the
most
active
voice
for
total
Indian
Independence.

9. Topic
4
Civil
Disobedience:
the
refusal
to
obey
a
law
or
follow
a
policy
that
is
unjust
(not
morally
right)
in
an
non-­‐violent
and
peaceful
manner
Examples:
marches,
strikes,
boycotts,
protests
Satyagrah:
Campaigns
of
civil
disobedience
led
by
M.
Gandhi
in
South
Africa
and
India
to
resist
discrimination
and
British
rule

10. Mohandas
K.
Gandhi
-­‐Born
October
2,
1869
in
Porbandar,
India
-­‐Studied
law
in
London
-­‐Arranged
marriage
to
Kasturba
at
age
13
-­‐4
sons

11. Ideas/beliefs
that
developed
later
after
he
experienced
South
Africa
and
returned
to
India:
-­‐did
not
like
the
discrimination
of
the
caste
system
and
the
poverty
it
caused
“untouchability
was
a
crime
against
God
and
men”
-­‐He
called
Untouchables
Harijans
(children
of
God)
-­‐Wanted
equality
for
everyone
-­‐Wanted
Indian
independence
from
Great
Britain

12. Topic
5
Discrimination
of
Indians
in
South
Africa
-­‐Indians
were
denied
the
right
to
vote
-­‐required
to
carry
pass
books
proving
they
were
citizens
-­‐Hindu
marriages
were
not
recognized
-­‐British
soldiers
were
allowed
to
enter
Indian
homes
without
warning
-­‐Gandhi
went
to
South
Africa
to
practice
law
in
1893
-­‐Witnessed
and
experienced
discrimination
first
hand
-­‐Asked
to
remove
his
turban
in
court
-­‐Barred
from
some
hotels
-­‐Kicked
off
a
train
for
refusing
to
move
to
3rd
class.
He
had
bought
a
1st
class
ticket
-­‐Beaten
and
almost
lynched
by
an
angry
mob

14. -­‐Gandhi
led
the
INC
in
South
Africa
in
efforts
to
stop
the
discrimination
-­‐7
year
campaign
in
which
Indians
were
beaten,
jailed,
and
shot
for
striking
and
burning
their
pass
books

15. Returned
to
India
in
1915

16. Topic
6
-­‐Gandhi
led
the
Homespun
Movement
-­‐Homespun
was
to
have
India’s
citizens
make
and
wear
their
own
cloth
instead
of
buying
British
made
cloth
-­‐Started
in
Dec.
of
1920
-­‐The
Homespun
movement
was
a
peaceful
boycott
to
stop
the
poverty
that
buying
British
made
cloth
created
-­‐Britain
made
all
strikes
illegal

18. -­‐Gandhi
was
arrested
and
sent
to
prison
for
6
years
-­‐The
spinning
wheel
and
hand
loom
became
symbols
of
freedom
-­‐The
British
banned
public
meetings
and
arrested
activists
-­‐By
the
end
of
1921
50,000
members
of
the
movement
were
in
prison
Quit
India:
When
Britain
entered
WWII
in
1939,
Gandhi
and
his
followers
refused
to
do
anything
to
help
the
British
war
effort.
It
was
a
labor
boycott.

19. Topic
7

20. -­‐The
Salt
March
took
place
in
March
and
April
of
1930
-­‐Led
by
Gandhi,
was
peaceful
and
non-­‐violent
-­‐March
was
to
protest
the
British
tax
on
salt
and
laws
that
made
it
illegal
for
anyone
to
sell
or
produce
salt
other
than
the
British
-­‐March
to
the
coastal
village
of
Dandi

21. -­‐Gandhi
and
his
followers
reached
the
coast
in
April
1930
-­‐Gandhi
picked
up
a
clump
of
earth
and
salt
and
said
“With
this
I
am
shaking
the
foundations
of
the
British
Empire”
The
INC
and
followers
made
their
own
salt
and
sold
it/gave
it
to
the
people
of
India

22. -­‐British
Response
to
the
Salt
March:
-­‐80,000
people
were
arrested,
eventually
Gandhi
was
as
well
-­‐Similar
movements
started
in
other
parts
of
India
-­‐Gandhi
let
the
British
Viceroy
know
that
a
campaign
of
disobedience
was
about
to
begin
-­‐At
a
salt
works,
British
soldiers
beat
protesters,
but
the
protesters
did
not
fight
back
-­‐The
Delhi
Pact
was
then
signed,
which:
-­‐limited
the
salt
production
of
Britain
and
freed
protesters
from
jail
-­‐called
off
the
salt
protests

23. Topic
8
Two
main
religions
in
India-­‐
Hinduism
is
the
majority,
and
Islam
is
the
minority
Over
800
years
of
fighting
between
these
two
groups
in
India-­‐
over
control
of
land,
territory,
and
rights
of
one
group
over
the
other
Gandhi
wanted
to
unite
Muslims
and
Hindus
into
one
nation
“Fighting
with
words
rather
than
bullets”

24. One
example:
1946
Calcutta
(city
in
India)
-­‐Hindus
and
Muslims
were
rioting
and
killing
each
other
over
false
reports
in
the
newspapers
and
long
standing
conflict
-­‐Gandhi
traveled
to
Calcutta
and
began
fasting.
He
said
he
would
fast
until
the
fighting
stopped.
He
was
near
death
when
the
violence
finally
stopped.

27. 1. Which
religion
is
the
majority
of
India?
A.
Islam
B.
Christianity
C.
Hinduism
D.
Judaism
2.
Which
religion/s
are
the
minority
in
India?
A.
Islam
B.
Christianity
C.
Buddhism
D.
All
of
the
above
3.
Gandhi
wanted
to
unite
which
two
groups?
A.
British
&
India
B.
American
&
India
C.
Pakistan
&
India
D.
Muslims
&
Hindus

28. 4.
In
which
city
were
Hindus
and
Muslims
rioting
and
killing
on
another?
A.
Cambay
B.
Calcutta
C.
Ahmedabad
D.
Budun
5.
Gandhi
began
fasting
because?
A.
He
wanted
to
stop
the
fighting
between
Hindus
and
Muslims
B.
He
was
getting
old
C.
He
wanted
other
people
to
fast
with
him
D.
None
of
the
above