The document summarizes major events in China's recent history from the 19th century Opium Wars to imperialism and conflicts with Western and Japanese forces. It then covers the establishment of the Chinese republic, rise of the Communist party, the Long March, World War 2, and the Communist revolution in 1949. It discusses the socialist period under Mao with a focus on agriculture, education, and healthcare reforms. It concludes with Deng Xiaoping's economic reforms from 1978 onward, the opening of China, and its recent leadership under Hu Jintao and Xi Jinping.
The last session finishes Stalin's life. China, Korea, the Leningrad Affair, the Doctors Plot and his bizarre death. There is also a look at America's reaction to the Cold War.
The last session finishes Stalin's life. China, Korea, the Leningrad Affair, the Doctors Plot and his bizarre death. There is also a look at America's reaction to the Cold War.
What are the key reasons behind the growing collective protests that have erupted in China in the past decade or so? Are the recent responses of the Chinese authorities to these protests effectively addressing the root causes of such problems?
I attempt to explain the complex set up of the Chinese Communist Party. From its inspiration from the Russian counterpart, to Mao and up to Xi's current time. Its a quick stop for those wanting a quick recap of the biggest political party on earth.
One page to understand who's governing in China in 2016: political bodies and people.
Specific focus on the financial industry (Central bank, regulators...)
Potsdam ConferenceJuly 16 – August 2, 1945• Leaders agre.docxstilliegeorgiana
Potsdam Conference
July 16 – August 2, 1945
• Leaders agreed that
Germany must be
defeated and de - Nazified
• Leaders disagreed over
post – war Germany and
Eastern Europe
• Britain and United States
wanted free elections
• Stalin feared anti – Soviet
governments in Eastern
Europe
Expansion of Communism
• Russia in 1917 due to revolution
• Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany,
Hungary, Poland and Romania following World War II
in 1945
• North Korea following World War II in 1945
• China in 1949 following World War II and civil war
• Cuba in 1959 following a revolution
• Vietnam in 1975 following the Vietnam War
Prelude to Russian Revolution
• By 1900, withdrawal of European investments in
Russia weakened industrial and economic
development
• Defeat in the Russo – Japanese War in 1905
devastated the Russian economy
• Worker strikes, peasant uprisings and military
mutinies spread across Russia in 1905
• Struggling industrial class resented the lack of
government action against unions and strikes
Bloody Sunday
• On January 22, 1905, in
St. Petersburg, around
3,000 workers marched
on the Winter Palace
• Imperial guards fired
upon and kill nearly 200
people
• Tsar Nicholas II was
blamed for the incident
• Initiated widespread
strikes and protest
Russia to World War I
• By 1907, political unrest led to the rise of new
political groups, including the Bolsheviks
• Widespread worker strikes stagnated industrial and
economic growth
• Unprepared for the outbreak of World War I
• Russian military was poorly led, armed, supplied
and trained
• By 1916, failures on the battlefield led to low
morale in the military and the populace
The Russian Revolution
• On February 23, 1917,
protest over food
rationing erupted in St.
Petersburg
• On March 15, 1917, Tsar
Nicholas II was forced to
abdicate and a
provisional government is
installed
• In July 1917, Bolsheviks
under Lenin rose in revolt
and gained power by
October
Vladimir Lenin
• Born on April 22, 1870,
in south central Russia
• Trained as a lawyer
• Execution of his brother
in 1887 made him anti-
tsarists
• Became involved with a
Marxist group in St.
Petersburg in 1893
Vladimir Lenin
• Arrested in 1894 for illegal political activities
• Exiled for three years to Siberia in 1897
• Lived abroad in Munich and London after exile
• Continued to print Marxist publications
• Fled to Switzerland at the outbreak of World War I
• Returned to Russia after the February Revolution to
take control of the Bolsheviks
Lenin and Russia
• Established the Russian
Communist Party in
March 1918
• Established the Politburo
as the governing body of
the party
• Made reforms to gain
worker and military
support
• Ended involvement in
World War
Reforms of Lenin
• In October 1917, issued Decree on Workers Rights,
establishing an 8 hour work day
• Issued Decree on Popular Education
• On November 8, issued Decree on ...
An astonishing, first-of-its-kind, report by the NYT assessing damage in Ukraine. Even if the war ends tomorrow, in many places there will be nothing to go back to.
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
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हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
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Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
3. 1840 British Empire: First
Opium War
• Britain wanted
Chinese tea,
porcelain and silk but
China only wanted
silver
• So Britain exported
Indian opium to
China
• Emperor made it
illegal but many
were addicted
4. 1840 British Empire: First
Opium War
• Result: Hong
Kong ceded,
opium import
legalized
8. Eight Nation Alliance
Invaded China
• Eight powers invaded: British,
Japanese, Russian, Italian,
German, French, US, and
Austrian troops, the alliance
defeated the Boxers and
demanded further concessions
from the Qing government such
as treaty ports
9. End of Qing
Empire
• First Chinese Republic in
1911 with Sun Yat-Sen as
President
• Followed by warlordism for
a few years
11. May 4th Movement
• Initiated by students inspired by Russian Revolution of
1917, patriots, nationalists, socialists, democrats and
republicans
• Opposed imperialism and feudalism
• Became nationwide protest against imperialism
• China never signed the treaty
12. May 4th Movement
On the morning of May 4, 1919, student representatives from thirteen
different local universities met in Beijing and drafted five resolutions:
• to oppose the granting of Shandong to the Japanese under former
German concessions.
• to draw awareness of China's precarious position to the masses in
China.
• to recommend a large-scale gathering in Beijing.
• to promote the creation of a Beijing student union.
• to hold a demonstration that afternoon in protest to the terms of the
Treaty of Versailles.
13. Who is this fellow?
• Student active in May 4th
Movement in Tianjin
24. Hitler
assisted
Chiang Kai-
shek as
fellow anti-
Communist
• Nazis assisted Guomindang in
training Chinese troops and
Germany got Chinese natural
resources
• Germany later supported Japan
because Hitler felt it was a
stronger ally than China
38. Agriculture and land
redistribution
• Feudalism ended
• Land redistributed, communes set up by 1958
• Rural people still hold claim to land today through their rural
household registration
39. Rule of law ends gangsters
• Prior to 1949 there was a vast criminal underworld of
gangsters and secret societies intermingling with high
society like this photo of Shanghai nightlife in 1930s
• And there were almost 90 million opium addicts
41. Life expectancy
• More than doubled between 1949 and
1975, from 32 to 65 years
• Infant mortality in 1970 in Shanghai
was less than in New York City
• Barefoot doctors in countryside
brought health care throughout
country
• Poverty significantly reduced
43. Urban danwei (work unit)
system
• Lifetime employment guarantee
• Housing provided and subsidized
• Food and fuel subsidized
• Medical care system provided
• Public school education free
• No firings or negative discipline
• Positive examples such as model workers
44. 1966 Cultural Revolution
Began
• Concern by Chairman
Mao and others that
socialist principles were
being eroded by
corruption and capitalist
roaders
47. 1976: Terrible Year
• January: Premier Zhou died
• April: flowers in Tiananmen Square
• July: earthquake in Tangshan:
250,000 died
• September: Chairman Mao died
• October: Gang of Four arrested
54. Inflation of the late 1980s lead to
protest about corruption and
accountability
• 1989
• Tiananmen Square
• Far more workers were killed
than students
• They defended the streets leading
to the Square by barricading
them