(1) The document provides explanations for various scientific phenomena. It explains that different substances have different densities, which leads to differences in volume and mass. It also explains why some objects float and others sink based on their density relative to water.
(2) The document then defines various scientific terms related to physics and chemistry, including density, melting point, molecules, energy levels, and more.
(3) It provides examples of calculating density using mass and volume measurements. It also lists the electronic configurations of neon, magnesium, calcium and fluorine.
Solid-state chemistry, also sometimes referred as materials chemistry, is the study of the synthesis, structure, and properties of solid phase materials, particularly, but not necessarily exclusively of, non-molecular solids. It therefore has a strong overlap with solid-state physics, mineralogy, crystallography, ceramics, metallurgy, thermodynamics, materials science and electronics with a focus on the synthesis of novel materials and their characterisation. Solids can be classified as crystalline or amorphous on basis of the nature of order present in the arrangement of their constituent particles,
I hope You all like it. I hope It is very beneficial for you all. I really thought that you all get enough knowledge from this presentation. This presentation is about materials and their classifications. After you read this presentation you knowledge is not as before.
Solid-state chemistry, also sometimes referred as materials chemistry, is the study of the synthesis, structure, and properties of solid phase materials, particularly, but not necessarily exclusively of, non-molecular solids. It therefore has a strong overlap with solid-state physics, mineralogy, crystallography, ceramics, metallurgy, thermodynamics, materials science and electronics with a focus on the synthesis of novel materials and their characterisation. Solids can be classified as crystalline or amorphous on basis of the nature of order present in the arrangement of their constituent particles,
I hope You all like it. I hope It is very beneficial for you all. I really thought that you all get enough knowledge from this presentation. This presentation is about materials and their classifications. After you read this presentation you knowledge is not as before.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Solids are characterized by their definite shape and also their considerable mechanical strength and rigidity. The particles that compose a solid material(with few exceptions), whether ionic, molecular, covalent or metallic, are held in place by strong attractive forces between them.
Allotropes of carbon
Carbon is capable of forming many allotropes due to its valency. Well known forms of carbon include diamond and graphite. In recent decades many more allotropes and forms of carbon have been discovered and researched including ball shapes such as buckminsterfullerene and sheets such as graphene. Larger scale structures of carbon include nanotubes, nanobuds and nanoribbons. Other unusual forms of carbon exist at very high temperature or extreme pressures.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Solids are characterized by their definite shape and also their considerable mechanical strength and rigidity. The particles that compose a solid material(with few exceptions), whether ionic, molecular, covalent or metallic, are held in place by strong attractive forces between them.
Allotropes of carbon
Carbon is capable of forming many allotropes due to its valency. Well known forms of carbon include diamond and graphite. In recent decades many more allotropes and forms of carbon have been discovered and researched including ball shapes such as buckminsterfullerene and sheets such as graphene. Larger scale structures of carbon include nanotubes, nanobuds and nanoribbons. Other unusual forms of carbon exist at very high temperature or extreme pressures.
The solenoid engine project works on electromagnetic principles of a solenoid. A solenoid is copper coil. The wire is tightly folded multiples to form a solenoid coil. When electrical charge is supplied to the solenoid, it creates a magnetic flux as the current passes through it. The solenoid engine is V4 engine. There are four solenoids as cylinders and there is one piston in each solenoid. The metal pistons inside the solenoids react to the magnetic field created by the solenoids when current is flowing through. When the electrical current is no more flowing through the solenoid, the pistons fall back down to their original position due to gravity. As a result, the piston moves in a linear motion. The pistons are connected to the crankshaft. When the pistons move in a specific sequence, the crankshaft rotates. The linear motion has been converted to rotary motion using this mechanism. The RPM of the engine was controlled by adding a potentiometer to control the resistance of voltage provided to the solenoids. Therefore, controlling how fast the engine operates.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
ملزمة علوم للأول الإعدادى ترم أول لغات
1. (1)
Midterm First term
(1) Give reasons for each of the following:
1- Equal masses of different substances have different volumes.
or Equal volumes of different substances have different masses.
2- The iron nail and the metallic coin sink in water while the piece of wood floats on the water surface.
3- Water is not used to extinguish petrol fires.
4- Balloons filled with hydrogen or helium rise up in air carrying flags.
5- Melting point is used to separate between different substances.
6- Electric wires are made of copper or aluminium.
7- Screw driver are made of steel, while their handles are made of wood or plastic.
8- Cooking pans are made of aluminium.
9- Handles of cooking pans are made of wood or plastic.
10- Sodium and potassium are kept under kerosene surface.
11- Steel bridges and the holders of light bulb are painted from time to time.
- Metallic spare parts of cars are covered with grease.
12- Washing of cooking pans made of aluminium with a rough material.
13- Silver and gold are used in making jewels.
2. (2)
Midterm First term
14- Nickel, gold and silver are used to cover other substances which rapidly gain rust.
15- When you leave the perfume bottle opened, you smell it all over the room.
16- A drop of ink spreads through water.
17- The volume of a mixture of water and alcohol is less than the sum of their volumes before mixing.
18- It is difficult to break an iron piece with your hand.
19- The atom is electrically neutral in its ordinary state.
20- The mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus.
21- The nucleus is positively charged.
22- Nobel gases don't enter a chemical reaction through ordinary conditions.
(2) What' meant by:
1- Density 2- Melting point
3- Molecule 4- Intermolecular spaces
5- Intermolecular force 6- Latent heat of melting
7- Element 8- Compound
9- Atom 10- Atomic number
11- Mass number 12- Energy levels
13- Quantum of energy 14- The excited atom
3. (3)
Midterm First term
(3) Problem
1- What is the density of 35 gm of a substance that occupy 25 cm3
2- In an experiment to determine the density of water, the following results were recorded.
- Mass of an empty beaker = 65 gm.
- Mass of the beaker and water = 165 gm
- The volume of water = 100 cm3.
Calculate the density of water.
(4) Show the electronic configuration of the following elements:
, , ,
4. (4)
Midterm First term
(1) Give reasons for each of the following:
1- Equal masses of different substances have different volumes.
or Equal volumes of different substances have different masses.
Because they have different densities.
2- The iron nail and the metallic coin sink in water while the piece of wood floats on the water surface.
Because coin and nail have density higher than water while piece of wood has density lower than water.
3- Water is not used to extinguish petrol fires.
Because the density of petrol is less than that of water so, petrol floats on water surface and doesn't put out the fire.
4- Ballons filled with hydrogen or helium rise up in air carrying flags.
Because the densities of hydrogen and helium are less than the density of air.
5- Melting point is used to separate between different substance.
Because each substance has a definite melting point which differs from the others.
6- Electric wires are made of copper or aluminium.
Because they are good conductors of electricity.
5. (5)
Midterm First term
7- Screw driver are made of steel, while their handles are made of wood or plastic.
Because steel is a good conductor of electricity but wood and plastic are bad conductors of electricity.
8- Cooking pans are made of aluminium.
Because it is a good conductor of heat and it has a high melting point and it is easy to transfer heat.
9- Handles of cooking pans are made of wood or plastic.
Because wood and plastic are bad conductors of heat.
10- Sodium and potassium are kept under kerosene surface.
To prevent their reaction with atmospheric oxygen as they are active metals.
11- Steel bridges and the holders of light bulb are painted from time to time.
- Metallic spare parts of cars are covered with grease.
To protect them from rust and corrosion.
12- washing of cooking pans made of aluminium with a rough material.
To remove any layer formed on them.
13- Silver and gold are used in making jewels.
Because they are chemically poor active.
14- Nickel, gold and silver are used to cover other substances which rapidly gain rust.
To protect them from rust and corrosion.
15- When you leave the perfume bottle opened, you smell it all over the room.
Because the molecules of the perfume are in continous motion and they keep the properties of perfume.
6. (6)
Midterm First term
16- A drop of ink spreads through water.
Because the molecules of ink are in a continuous motion in all directions among water molecules.
17- The volume of a mixture of water and alcohol is less than the sum of their volumes before mixing.
Because some molecules of alcohol occupy the intermolecular spaces among water molecules.
18- It is difficult to break an iron piece with your hand.
Because there are strong attraction force (intermolecular force) among iron molecules.
19- The atom is electrically neutral in its ordinary state.
Because the number of positive protons inside the nucleus is equal the number of negative electrons which revolve around it.
20- The mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus.
Because the electron has a negligible mass relative to that of proton or neutron.
21- The nucleus is positively charged.
Because it contains protons that positively charged particles and neutrons that electrically neutral particles.
22- Nobel gases don't enter a chemical reaction through ordinary conditions.
Because the outermost energy levels of their atoms are completely filled with electrons.
7. (7)
Midterm First term
(2) What' meant by:
1- Density :
It is the mass of unit volume of matter. D =
2- Melting point:
It is the temperature at which matter begins to change from a solid state to a liquid state.
3- Molecule:
It is the smallest part of matter which can exist freely and it has the properties of matter.
4- Intermolecular spaces:
They are the spaces that found among the molecules.
5- Intermolecular force:
It is the force that bounds the molecules together.
6- Latent heat of melting:
It is the amount of heat required to change 1 kg. of substance from solid state to the liquid state without changing in the temperature [although heating is continued]
7- Element:
It is the simplest pure form of matter which can't be analyzed chemically into simple form & it composed of similar atoms.
8- Compound:
It is a substance which is formed from combination of atoms of two or more different elements with constant weight ratios.
9- Atom:
- It is the fundamental building unit of matter
- It is the smallest individual unit of matter which can share in chemical reaction.
8. (8)
Midterm First term
10- Atomic number:
It is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom and = number of electrons.
11- Mass number:
It is the sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
12- Energy levels:
They are imaginary regions around the nucleus in which the electrons move according to their energies.
13- Quantum of energy:
It is the amount of energy lost or gained by an electron when it transfers from one energy level to another.
14- The excited atom:
It is the atom that gains a quantum of energy.
(3) Problem
1- What is the density of 35 gm. of a substance that occupy 25 cm3
D = m = 35 gm
V = 25 cm3
D = = 1.4 gm/cm3
2- Mass of water = 165 – 65 = 100 gm
D = =
D = 1 gm / cm3
9. (9)
Midterm First term
(4) Show the electronic configuration of the following elements:
, , , 9F
no. protons 10
no. neutrons 10 nobel gas
no. electrons 10
no. protons 12
no. neutrons 12 metal
no. electrons 12
no. protons 20
no. neutrons 20 metal
no. electrons 20
no. protons 9
no. neutrons 8
no. electrons 9 non metal
9
K
L
2
7
+10
10
K
L
2
8
+20
20
K
L
M
2
8
8
N
2
+12
12
K
L
M
2
8
2