ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းစြာအတူယွဥ္တြဲေနထိုင္ေရး၀ါဒမွသည္စစ္မွန္ေသာဖက္ဒရယ္ျပည္ေထာင္စုစနစ္သို႔ (၈)

PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE:
Towards Federal Union of Burma
Series No. (8)

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Series Editor
Lian H. Sakhong

First Edition 2004

Typing by:
Ethinc Nationalities Seminar Staffs
Design and Layout by:
Sai Mawn Selde
UNLD(LA)

With generous financial support from the NRP
National Reconciliation Program

UNLD Press
Chiang Mai, Thailand

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11


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wyfaygi;f pkwckvnf; r[kwyg? Ediia&;t&awG@qaqG;aEG;a&; jzpfay:vmEdia&;ESihf xdo@kd awG@qkH
f kfH
kH
kf
k
&mwGif oH;k yGiqiaqG;aEG;yJrsm; tppftrSejf zpfa&;twGuf Armr[kwaom wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;
hf kd f
G
f
k
rsm;zufrS jyifqifrrsm;/ yl;aygi;f aqmif&urrsm; jyKvkyEi&ef tjyif tjrifq;kH tqifh “woH
_
G f _
f kd f
h
wnf;xGuEia&;” (One Ethnic Voice) txdO;D wnfI zJ@G pnf;xm;aom aumfrwDw&yfom
f kd f
jzpfygonf?
oH;yGiqiaqG;aEG;yJEihf ENSCC Ediia&;r[mAsL[m
k hf kd f
G S
kfH
tESpig;q,fausm=f um jynfwi;f ppftygt0if jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdii. Ediia&;jyem
f
G
kfH kfH
rsm;tm;vH;k udk Ediia&;enf;jzifh aqG;aEG;ajz&Si;f &ef rdrw@kd wi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;ESihf 'Drua&pD
kfH
d
kd
kd
tiftm;pkrsm;rS tpOfwpduawmif;qdvmcJygonf? xdk awmif;qdcsursm;ESitnD 1994 ckEpf
k f
k h
k f
hf
S
rSpI urBmuvor*~taxGaxGnvmcH}u;D rS jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdii. Ediia&;jyemrsm;udk
h k
D
kfH kfH
oH;k yGiqiawG@qaqG;aEG;yJjG zifh rsuEmcsi;f qdiaqG;aEG;ajz&Si;f &ef ESppOfEpwi;f qH;k jzwfcsursm;
hf kd f
kH
fS
kf
f S f kd
f
csrwcygonf? xdo;kH yGiqiaqG;aEG;yJwif vuf&ppftpd;k & etz/ 1990 a&G;aumufywif
S f hJ
k
hf kd f
G G
dS
GJ G
tEdi&&Scaom a':atmifqef;pk=unfO;D aqmifonfh NLD ygwEihf wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;
k f d hJ
D S k
tm;vH;k tiftm;pko;kH &yfyg0if&ef urBmuvor*~rS qH;k jzwfcygonf?
h k
hJ

15


urBmuor*~q;kH jzwfcsuEitnD oH;k yGiqiaqG;aEG;yJay:ayguvma&;twGuf aomf‚if;/
h k
f S hf
hf kd f
G
f
oH;k yGiqiaqG;aEG;yJG jzpfay:vmaomtcg rdrw@kd .Ediia&;&nfre;f csursm;ESihf acwftqufqufrS
hf kd f
d
kfH
S
f
qH;k &_;H epfemcJaom tcGita&;rsm;udk jyefvnf&&SEi&ef wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;zufrS jyifqifrrsm;
h
hf
d kd f
k
_
jyKvkyf&ef txl;vdktyfaecJhygonf? xdkvdktyfcsufrsm;ESifhtnD vGwfajrmufe,fajra&muf
wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;.Ediia&;ygwtzJ@G tpnf;rsm;ESihf vufeufuiawmfvea&; tiftm;pk
k
kfH
D
kd f
S f
rsm;udk pkpnf;Edi&ef ouU&mZf 2001 ckEpf =o*kwvwGif usi;f ycJaom 'kw,t}udrajrmuf
kf
S
f
h
d
f
k
wdi;f &if;om; vlrsKd ;rsm; ES;D aESmzvS,ywif ENSCC udz@GJ pnf;wm0efay;tyfcjhJ cif; jzpfygonf?
k
f GJ G
xda=umifh ENSCC taejzihf atmufwiaz: jyxm;aom wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. Ediia&;
k
Gf
k
kfH
ygwtzJ@G tpnf;rsm;ESihf vufeufuiawmfvea&; tiftm;pkrsm;t=um; pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;ESihf
D
kd f
Sf
G f
yl;aygi;f a&;vkyief;rsm;udk aqmif&uom;rnf jzpfygonf? ‚if;wd@k rm—
f
G f G
S
(1) jynfaxmifpwi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;'Drua&pDtzJ@G csKyf (UNLD) atmufwippnf;
k kd
kd
Gf k
yg0if=uaom wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. Ediia&;ygwrsm;/
k
kfH
D
(2) trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDwyfaygif;pk (NDF) wyfaygif;pk}uD;wGifyg0ifae=uaom
wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;.vufeuf udiawmfvea&;tiftm;pkrsm;/
k
kf
S f
(3) trsKd ;om;'Drua&pDwyfaygi;f pk (NDF) wyfaygi;f pk}u;D wGif ryg0ifaom wdi;f &if;om;
kd
k
vlrsKd ;rsm;.vufeuf udiawmfvea&;tiftm;pkrsm;/
kf
S f
(4) etzppftypEihf typftcwf&yfpa&;jyKvkyxm;cJ=h uaom wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;.
kfkS
J
f
k
vufeufuiawmfvea&;tiftm;pkrsm; [lIjzpfygonf?
kd f
S f
txufwiaz: jyxm;aom wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. Ediia&;ygwrsm;ESihf vufeufuif
Gf
k
kfH
D
kd
awmfvea&;tiftm;pkrsm;. pkpnf;nD!wrtiftm;jzifh - ENSCC rSatmufygvyief;rsm;udk
Sf
G f_
kf
aqmif&utaumiftxnfaz:&ef avmcD;vmwGif usi;f yaom 'kw,t}udrwi;f &if;om;
G f
d
f kd
nDvmcH}uD;wGif qH;k jzwfcygonf? vkyief;pOfrsm;rSm hJ
f
(1) jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdii. Ediia&;jyemrsm;udk awG@qaqG;aEG;jcif;jzifh +ir;f csr;f pGm ajz&Si;f
kfH kfH
kH
d
tajz&SmEdkif&ef aomf‚if;/ vuf&Sdppftpdk;& etz/ a':atmifqef;pk=unfOD;aqmifonfh
'Drua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;ESihf rdrw@kd wi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;yg0ifaom oH;k yGiqiaqG;aEG;yJG
kd
d
kd
hf kd f
jzpfay:vma&;twGuf aomf‚if;/ ENSCC aumfrwDtaejzifh tjyKoabmaqmifaom
(Constructive Action) ESihf OD;pD;OD;aqmifr_ (Pro-active) rsm;udk twwfEiq;Hk jyKvy&ef?
kd f
kf
( Undertake pro-active and constructive action to bring about a peaceful
resolution to the political conflict in Burma through a dialogue process
involving the SPDC, the NLD led by Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, and the
ethnic nationalities, as dialogue partners);

16


(2) ,ae@ jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiwif }uKH awG@ae&aom Ediia&;ESihf vlra&;taxGaxG jyem
kfH G
kfH
_
rsm; (,if;Ediia&; yÉdyuQrsm;ESihf vlra&;t=uyftwnf;rsm;udk rdrw@kd wi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;
kfH
_
d
kd
rsm;u ydkrdkjyif;xefpGmcHpm;ae&ygonf) udk tjrefqHk;ajz&Sif;Edkif&eftwGuf ENSCC
aumfrwDtaejzifh jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHtwGif;&Sd wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;/ 'Drdkua&pD
tiftm;pkrsm;ESiomru urBmuvor*~tygt0if EdiiwumtzJ@G tpnf;rsm;/ tiftm;
hf
h k
kfH
pkrsm;ESifh Agencies rsm;udkwdkifyifjcif;/ yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;rsm;udk wwfEdkifoa&G@
aqmif&u&ef?
G f
( Consult widely, cooperation, and work closely with all stakeholders in
Burma and with the international community, international bodies and
agencies, the UN, and humanitarian organizations to resolve the grave
humanitarian cries in Burma, which most seriously affect the ethnic
nationalities population);

(3) wef;wla&;/ ud,yijf yXmef;cGi&&&Sa&;/ 'Drua&pDa&;ESihf w&m;r#wa&;wd@k ukd tajccHaom/
k f kd
hf d
kd
ppfreaom jynfaxmifppepfukd jyefvnfxaxmifEi&eftwGuf yifvpw"gwutajccH
S f
k
l
kd f
kH d f f kd
aom jynfaxmifpkjyefvnfwnfaqmufa&;ESifh +idrf;csrf;I w&m;enf;vrf;usaom
'Drua&pDtoGiu;l ajymif;a&; jzpfay:vmEdi&ef ENSCC rS }udK;yrf;aqmif&uom;&ef
kd
f
kf
G f G
qH;k jzwfcsucscygonf?
f hJ
( Strive to facilitate an orderly and peaceful democratic transition in Burma,
and to rebuild the country in accordance with the spirit of Panglong, which
is based on the principle of Equality, Self-determination, Democracy and
Justice).

xda=umifh ENSCC .a&S@vyief;pOfrsm; (Mission) rsm;udk atmufygtwdi;f owfrwf
k
k f
k
S
jyXmef;cJygonf?
h
(1) jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiitwGi;f &Sd Armr[kwaom wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;.tajctaeESihf
kfH
f
k
ordi;f aemufc/H vuf&&ifqiae&aom Ediia&;jyemrsm;/ a&S@tem*gwwif zJ@G pnf;xl
k
dS kd f
kfH
f G
axmifcsiaom Ediia&;pepfEihf yHo¾mefrsm;udk Ediiwumpifjrifwif xif&m;vufcEif
f
kfH
S k
kfH
h G
S
H kd
atmif }udK;yrf;aqmif&u&ef/
G f
( Promote the profile of the Ethnic Nationalities on the international stage).

(2) oH;k yGiqiaqG;aEG;yJjG zpfay:vma&;twGuf n‡Ei;f wdiyifrrsm; jyKvkyaqmif&u&ef/
hf kd f
d _d k f _
f
G f
( Coordinate and work for Tripartite Dialogue).

(3) yifvpw"gwujkd yefvnf&iapjcif;jzifh yifvpw"gwutajccHaom jynfaxmifpjk yefvnf
kH d f f
Sf
kH d f f kd
wnfaqmufa&;pDrHcsufrsm;udk taumiftxnfaz:Edkifa&;twGuf }udK;yrf;aqmif&Guf
oGm;&ef/
( Reviving the Panglong Spirit, and nation-building).
17


(4) twGif;tjyif&Sd wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;. EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;ESifh tzJG@tpnf;rsm;t=um;
aoG;pnf;nD!wa&;ESihf yl;aygi;f aqmif&ua&;udk wd;k jr‡iaqmif&uom;&ef jzpfygonf?
G f
G f
hf
G f G
( Build or facilitate Unity and Cohesion among all Ethnic Nationalities forces,
inside and outside, including promoting and supporting political actions
inside).
ENSCC aumfrwD.vkyief;aqmif&ucsursm; (2001 rS 2003)
f
G f f

(1) The New Panglong Initiative: Rebuilding the Union of Burma
yifvpw"gwukd tajccHaom jynfaxmifpjk yefvnfwnfaqmufa&;pDrcsu?
kH d f f
H f
ENSCC aumfrwDtaejzifh yxrOD;qH;aqmif&utaumiftxnfaz:cJaom Ediia&;
k
G f
h
kfH

vkyief;rSm — yifvpw"gwukd tajccHaom jynfaxmifpjk yefvnfwnfaqmufa&;pDrcsuf
f
kH d f f
H
(The New Panglong Initiative: Rebuilding the Union of Burma) [laom acgi;pOfjzifh
f
Ediia&;pmwrf;wapmifukd a&;om;jzef@a0cJjh cif; jzpfygonf?
kfH
xdEiia&;ay:vpDpmwrf;udk tajccHI Ediiwumpnf;&H;k a&;c&D;pOfrsm;udvnf; jyKvkychJ
k kd f H
kfH
k
f
ygonf? xdc&D;pOfrsm;teuf ta&;}u;D aom c&D;pOfwckrm — ouU&mZf 2001 ck 'DZifbmvwGif
k
S
aemfa0;EdkifiH atmfpvdk+rdK@odk@ oGm;a&mufcJhaom c&D;pOfjzpfygonf? xdkc&D;pOfudk OuUX}uD;
apmboif (Saw Ba Thin) ESihf KNPP OuUXvnf;jzpf/ ENSCC aumfrwD0ifjzpfonfh
G h
k
kfH
clxb;l zJ (Khu Hteh Bupeh) wd@k u OD;aqmifom;cJygonf? xdc&D;pOfonf aemfa0;EdiirS
J
ESpfpOfcsD;jr‡ifhay;v#uf&dSonfh Edkb,f+idrf;csrf;a&;qk tESpfw&mjynfh tcrf;tem;}uD;ESifh‚if;/
a':atmifqef;pk=unfukd Edb,f+idr;f csr;f a&;qkcs;D jr‡ionfh q,fEpajrmuf ESpywfvnftcrf;
k
hf
S f
f
tem;ESifh wdkufqdkifcJhygonf? xdktcGifhtcgor,udk trdt&&,lI jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH
twGif;&Sd wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;. EdkifiHa&;epfemcsufrsm;ESifh tem*gwf&nfrSef;csufrsm;udk
urBmod@k wifjycGi&&SEi&ef/ 'DZifbmv (8) &ufae@wif ES;D aESmzvS,yGJ (Seminar) w&yfukd
hf d kd f
G
f
atmfpvd+k rdK@wif usi;f yEdicygonf? ‚if;ES;D aESmzvS,yukd NCGUB 0ef}uD;csKyf a'guwm
G
k f hJ
f GJ
f
pde0if;ESihf EBO Director Harn Yawnghwe wd@k vnf; wufa&muftm;ay;+yD;/ vuf&dS
f
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdii. Ediia&;jyemrsm;udk “yifvpw"gwutajccHaom jynfaxmifpk
kfH kfH
kH d f f kd
jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&;pDrcsu” &_axmifjh zifh wifjyaqG;aEG;cJygonf?
H f
h
ENSCC . The New Panglong Initiative udk Ediiwumu v_uvpmaxmufcH
kfH
d f JS G

tm;ay;&Hkomru 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pk. wdkif;&if;om;EdkifiHa&;ygwD tm;vHk;uyg wcJeuf
axmufccygonf? xda=umifh ouU&mZf 2002 Zefe0g&v 18 - 20 &ufae@txd Strategy
H hJ
k
D
f
f D f
Consultation Committee (SCC) rSac:,lusi;yonfh xdyo;acgi;aqmifrsm; tpnf;ta0;
wGif ENSCC . The New Panglong Initiative udk tjynft0axmufca=umif; atmufyg
h
H
twdi;f qH;k jzwfcsucsrwEicygonf?
k
f S f kd f hJ
18


The Strategy Consultation further support the ENSCC's, "The New
Panglong Initiative" which is aimed at National Reconciliation. The
Organizations participating in the Strategy Consultation under take to work
together to promote the concept and principles of the 'Initiative' and for
their acceptance national wide.

xdk Strategy Consultation Committee wGif ,ae@u|Eyw@kd qifEaeaom 'Drua&pD
kf f
$J
kd
ta&;awmfy}kH uD;. tEdryef;wdif (Ultimate Goal) onf 'Drua&pDpepfutajccHaom ppfref
W
k
kd
kd
S
aomzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkwnfaqmufa&;jzpfa=umif;ESifh xdkyef;wdkifta&mufcsDwufEdkifzdk@
hf kd f
r[mAsL[m (Grand Strategy) tjzpf "Tripartite Dialogue" oH;k yGiqiawG@qkH aqG;aEG;a&;
udk toHk;csoGm;rnfjzpfa=umif; twnfjyKqHk;jzwfEdkifcJhygonf? qHk;jzwfcsuftjynfhtpHkrSm
atmufygtwdi;f jzpfygonf?
k
3. Further, the Strategy Consultation:
a.

Re-affirms that the movement's main objective is the establishment of
democracy and a Federal Union.

b. Re-affirms that a tripartite dialogue is the main strategy for achieving
its objective. However, all available options and tactics are to be used.
This may include the empowerment of the masses (people power),
political activities, international lobbying and defensive military action
as well as using the powers of persuasion on the military.
c.

A decision is made to strive for elevation of the secret talks between
Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and the SPDC to a genuine political dialogue
and to find new initiatives in our endeavour for the realization of a
tri-partite dialogue in which genuine delegates of the ethnic nationalities
are represented.

ENSCC . jynfwi;jynfy ('Drua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;ESihf EdiiwumtzJ@G tpnf;) rsm;.
Gf
kd
kfH
tm;ay;axmufcHr_udk t&Sdeft[kefjr‡ifhwifEdkif&ef "The New Panglong Initiative:
f
D _
f kd f hJ
Rebuilding the Union of Burma" udk pmtkyjf zifh xkwa0jzef@csrrsm; jyKvkyEicygonf?
ENSCC .}udK;yrf;tm;xkwrj_ zifh The New Panglong Initiative ay:vpDreuefr_
f
S f

a=umifh ,cktcg 'Drua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;omru/ Ediiwumuyg jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdii.
kd
kfH
kfH
Ediia&;jyemajz&Si;f a&;ESihf 'Drua&pDtoGiu;l ajymif;a&;umvwGif wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;
kfH
kd
f
k
onf r&Srjzpf rygrjzpf vdtyfaomtiftm;pkrsm;tjzpf todtrSwjf yKvm=uyg onf? EU,
d
k
kfH
kd
kd f H
kd f
UN ESihf USA paom EdiiwumtzJ@G tpnf;rsm;ESihf 'Drua&pDEiirsm;omru/ tm&SeiiH
rsm;jzpf=uaom *syef ESihf tmpD,wi;f jynfrsm;uvnf; todtrSwjf yKvm=uygonf? tmpD,H
H kd
EdkifiHrsm;. &yfwnfcsufajymif;vJr_onf tvGefav;euf+yD; EdkifiHa&;t&wefzdk;}uD;rm;aom
19


atmifjrifr_yifjzpfygonf? ,cifESpfrsm;wGif tmpD,Honf etzzufrSom&yfwnf+yD;/
jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdiiwif 'Drua&pDtajymif;tvJukd tm;ay;axmufcjH cif;jyK&ef wGe@f wkd
kfH G
kd
cJ=h uygonf? xd@k tjyif olw@kd tjrifrm — wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. tcef;u¾ta&;}u;D a=umif;
S
k
rjrifEic=hJ uay? od@k &mwGif ENSCC aumfrwDz@GJ pnf;+yD; aemufyi;f / xdi;f 0ef}uD;csKyf xwfqif/
kd f
kd
k
rav;&Sm;0ef}u;D csKyfa[mif; r[moD,m/ tif'e;D &Sm;EdiijH cm;a&;0ef}u;D / *syefEiijH cm;a&;0ef}u;D
kd
kf
kd f
wd@k u jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdiiwif trsKd ;om;jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&; (National Reconciliation)
kfH G
'Drdkua&pDtoGiful;ajymif;a&; (Democratic Transition) vdktyfa=umif;/ xdkodk@toGif
ul;ajymif;a&;umvESihf trsKd ;om;&if=um;apha&; (National Reconciliation Process) wGif
wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; rygv#irjzpfa=umif; wifjyajymqdvm=uygonf? ,if; wd;k wufajymif;vJ
k
f
k
f
_
dS kd f
r_rsm;udk tao;pdyo;kH oyfygu ENSCC . vkyief;atmifjrifrw&yfjzpfa=umif; awG@&Eirnf
f
jzpfygonf?
2. Ethnic Nationalities Initiative for Tripartite Dialogue
oH;yGiqiaqG;aEG;yJjG zpfay:vma&;twGuf wdi;&if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;. }udK;yrf;tm;xkwr?
k hf kd f
kf
f _
ENSCC . "The New Panglong Initiative" onf us,jf yef@euf&i;aom Ediia&;
d_ f
kfH

oabmw&m;/ jynfaxmifpkordkif;/ wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;aygif;pHkwdk@. yuwdtajctaetay:
tajccHI a&;qJwifjyxm;aom Ediia&;ay:vpDpmwrf;w&yf jzpfygonf? ‚if; ay:vpDoabm
G
kfH
w&m;qdi&mpmwrf;udk vufawG@taumiftxnfaz:Edi&eftwGuf vufawG@vyief;rsm; quf
kf
kf
kf
vufaqmif&u&ef vdtyfcygonf? xda=umifh The New Panglong Initiative oabmw&m;
G f
k hJ
k
qdkif&mpmwrf;udk tajccHI vufawG@vkyfief;aqmif&GufEdkif&ef "Ethnic Nationalities
f
G f hJ
Initiative for Tripartite Dialogue" udk ouU&mZf 2003 rwfcsvrSpwif aqmif&ucygonf?
ENSCC taejzifh "Ethnic Nationalities Initiative for Tripartite Dialogue"

udvyoifvyxuaom Ediia&;vkyief;w&yfukd vkyoifvyxuaomtcsewif pwifaqmif
k k f h k f kd f
kfH
f
f h k f kd f
df G
&Gutaumiftxnfaz: jcif;jzpfygonf? xdo@kd pwif aqmif&u&mY ENSCC udk taxmuf
f
k
G f
tuljyKI ausmaxmufaemufcHjzpfapaomtcsufrsm;xJwGif 'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfyHk}uD;.
vlxacgi;f aqmif a':atmifqef;pk=unf. wduwe;f tm;ay;csuvnf; yg0ifygonf? ouU&mZf
k
k f G
f
2002 ck arvwGif a':atmifqef;pk=unfukd tus,csKyfrS jyefvway;+y;D aemufyi;f — jynfwi;f
f
$ f
kd
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21


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22


1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)

Saw Ba Thin Sein
Khu Hteh Bupeh
Dr. Chao Tzang Yawnghwe
Sao Seng Suk
Teddy Buri
Hkun Okker
Dr. Lian H. Sakhong

Chairman & Spokesperson
Strategy Analysis & Policy Research
External Affairs Relations
Internal Affairs Relations
Secretary

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24


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kd
qdwmu wdwusus olw@kd csxm;wmudk usaemfw@kd awG@&w,f/
k
d
ed*;Hk csKyftaeeJ@ usaemfajymcsiwmu ENSCC uae+yD;awmh vkyom;wJupawGtay:rSm
f
f G h dP
k f
f G h
k
usaemfxifw,f/f trsm;}uD; wdi;f &if;om; (Ethnic) ud,pm;vkyom;wJtcg wdi;f &if;om;
k
(Ethnic) tay: xm;wJh tjynfjynfqdkif&m&Jhtjrifu trsm;}uD;ajymif;vJvmw,fvdk@
,Hk=unfw,f/ ,kH=unfwJh tm;avsmfpGmbJ ENSCC udkqufxm;rvm;/ rxm;bl;vm;/
rxm;bl; qd&ifvJ jzwfv@kd &w,f? xm;csivJ xm;zd@k aumif;w,f? 'grr[kw&ifvJ usaemf
k
f
S
f
xifwm usaemfw@kd rm yl;aygi;f aqmif&ur_ (Coordination) vkyz@kd / pnf;vH;k nD!wr_ (Unity)
S
G f
f
G f
wckawmhvdkudk vdktyfw,f? Tactical Unity bJac:ac:ayg@/ zGJ@udkzJG@oifh w,f/ ENSCC
udbqufxm;r,f/ tJ'wm0ef ay;r,fq&if yHpajymif;+yD;awmhay;oifw,f qdvnf;ay;oifh
k J
D
kd k H
h
k
h
f
d
w,fv@kd xifygw,f? usaemfoabmeJ@tjrifu ENSCC &Jtvkyuawmh tusK;d &Sw,fv@kd
jrifwta=umif; ajym&if;ed*;Hk csKyfygw,f? tm;vH;k udk aus;Zl;wifygw,f? Ò
hJ

30

tcef; (3)
wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;.EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;ESifh
k
wyfaygif;pkrsm;rSwifoGif;aom “wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;.
uspvpfcirmaompnf;vk;nD!wa&;” (Solidarity)
f
kd f
H
$ f
wnfaqmufrtwGuf tjrifEioabmxm; pmwrf;rsm;?
_
S hf


3;1? jynfaxmifpwi;&if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;'Drua&pDtzJ@G csKyf (vGwajrmufe,fajr)
k kd f
kd
f
UNLD (LA) rSwifoi;aom tjrifEioabmxm;pmwrf;
Gf
S hf
av;pm;tyfygaom obmywd}uD;ESiwuG wki;f &if;
hf
d
om;vlrsK;d rsm; tzG@J tpnf;toD;oD;rS uk,pm;vS,acgi;f
d f
f
aqmif}uD;rsm;cifAsm; —
UNLD(LA) onf wki;&if;om;vlrsK;rsm;. uspvpf
df
d
f

cGe;rwf&ubef;
f
f kd

ckirmaom pnf;vk;H !$wa&; (Solidarity) wnfaqmufr_
df
f
twGuf tjrifoabmxm;ESihf ygwoufv@dk aemufcorki;f
f
H d
a=umif;jzpf&yfrsm;/ tqifqifjh zpfxe;f vmonfh ta=umif;
h
G
rsm;ESifh wkdif;&if;om;rsm;pnf;vkH;nD!Gwfa&; qufvuf
wnfaqmufoGm;&rnfh vkyfief;pOfrsm;tjrifESifhoabm
xm;ukd tyki;f vkuwifjy aqG;aEG;oGm;rSm jzpfygw,f?
d d f

aemufcorki;a=umif;jzpf&yfrsm;
H df
obmywd}uD;ESiwuG acgi;f aqmif}uD;rsm;cifAsm; —
hf
,ckvuf&jdS refrmEkiiv@dk ac:wGiae+yD; ucsi/f u&if/ u&ife/D csi;f / rGe/f Arm/ &Sr;f / &ckif ponfh
dfH
f
d
wki;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm; pkaygi;f aexki=f uwJh wki;f jynfrm wwki;f wjynfv;Hk pnf;vk;H nD!wa&;
d
d
d
S
d
G f
wnfaqmufEib@dk twGuf rdrwŒdk vlrsK;d ukomwav#mufv;Hk uk,pm;jyK vm=uwJh ucsi/f u&if/
dk f
d
d
d f
u&ife/D csi;f / rGe/f &Sr;f / &ckif paomwki;f &if;om;rsm;wk@d rm tjrifoabmxm;rsm; wln=D u+y;D awmh
d
d
S
vG,upmeJ@ wki;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm; uspvspcirmwJh pnf;vk;H nD!wa&; (Solidarity) ukd
f l G
d
f f dk f
G f
t+rJwrf;wnfaqmufEia=umif; awG@&&rSm jzpfygw,f?
dk f
dS
tJ'vdk wki;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;uspvpfcirmwJh pnf;vk;H nD!wa&; tiftm;pkuae+y;D awmh
D
d
f dk f
G f
wki;f &if;om;vlrsK;d uk,pm;jyKcH,onfh tpOftvmr&SwhJ Armtiftm;pkEihf wkiyifaqG;aEG;
d
d f
l
d
S df
tay;t,l vky=f u+y;D / wwki;f wjynfv;Hk aoG;pnf;nD!wa&;qDo@dk aqmifusO;f oGm;Ekia=umif;
d
G f
df
ukd orki;f jzpf&yftrSersm;rSm awG@}uHK&rSmjzpfygw,f?
d
f

yxrt}udrpnf;vk;nD!wa&;wnfaqmufjcif;
f
H
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obmywd}uD;ESihf acgi;f aqmif}uD;rsm;cifAsm; —
ucsi/f u&if/ u&ife/D csi;f / rGe/f Arm/ &Sr;f / &ckipwJwi;f &if;om;rsm;rSm a&S;ESpaygi;f axmifEicsD
d f h dk
f
S hf
uwnf;u uk,b&if/ uk,apmfbm;/ 'l;0g/ apmzsm/ apmfu/J &rftyrif;eJŒ oD;jcm;pDe,fajrrsm;
d hf k
d f
G
k f
33


wnf&=dS uwJh Xmaewdi;f &if;om;rsm;jzpf=uw,f? t*FvyuveacwfumvrSmvnf; oD;jcm;
k
d f kd kd D
uk,yitycsKyfa&;e,fajrrsm; wnf&=dS u+y;D jynfaxmifpyprsKd ; r&Sa=umif; awG@&&rSmjzpfygw,f?
d f dk f k f
k kH H
d
dS
vGwfvyfa&;}udK;yrf;wJhumvrSm ArmjynfrtwGuf AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifh zqyv
acgi;f aqmifrsm; }udK;yrf;=uovdk &Sr;f / ucsi/f csi;f pwJwi;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;rSmvnf;yJ
h kd
vGwvyfa&;twGuf oD;jcm;}udK;yrf;v_y&m;vm+yD; aemufry;l aygi;f vm=ua=umif; awG@&&rSm
f
f S
S
dS
jzpfygw,f?
(u) &Sr;vli,frsm; zqyvESihf oGm;a&mufawG@qHjk cif;?
f
zqyvtzG@J csKyf 1946 ck ZEM0g&v (17) &ufae@rS (23) &ufae@txd usi;f yjyKvkywhJ
D
f
yxrt}udrf zqyvnDvmcHrm &Sr;f vli,f (10) OD;u v#Kd @0uom;a&mufawG@qcw,f? ‚if;
S
S f G
kH hJ
awG@qpOf &cdi/f csi;f ud,pm;vS,rsm; vnf;ygvm=uygw,f? &Sr;f vli,frsm;u ae+yD;awmh
kH
k
k f
f
awmifwef;a'orsm; ryg0ifbJ ArmjynfrvGwvyfa&;,lrmvm; ar;&mrSm zqyvu ,loifh
f
S
&if,lr,f ajz=um;vdk@ &Srf;vli,frsm;awmif}uD;jyefa&mufwJhtcg 20-2-1964 &ufpGJjzifh
awmifwef;a'orsm;[m awmawmifxlxyf+yD; o,HZmwºuG,f0wJhtjyif w&kwf/ tENd,
ESpfEdkifiHESifh e,fcsif;pyf+yD; vHk+cHKa&;t& ta&;yga=umif;/ awmifwef;a'orygwJh Armjynfr
vGwvyfa&;[m ppfrern r[kwa=umif;/ &Sr;f udoem;bd@k r[kw/f tm;vH;k tusKd ;twGuf
f
S f f
f
k
jzpfa=umif; ay;pmrSmyg&ygw,f? aemufyi;f rS zqyv[m awmifwef;a'orsm; rygwhJ vGwvyf
dS
kd
f
a&;[m t"dyg` ,r&Sa=umif; wGius,pmoH;k pGvmwmudvnf; ordi;f rSmawG@&&ygw,f?
f d
f
f G
J
k
k
dS
(c) &Sr;apmfbmrsm; vGwvyfa&;twGuf }udK;yrf;jcif;?
f
G
f
yifvtp rdi;f yGeu pcJwmjzpfw,f? 'kw,urBmppftjyD; urBmay:&SuveEiirsm;u
kH
k f
h
d
d kd kd D kd f H
vGwvyfa&;}udK;yrf;vm=uwJtcsef zqyvuvnf; Armjynfr vGwvyfa&;}udK;yrf;=uwJh
f
h d
f
tcsejf zpfw,f? 'ga=umifh 1945 ck atmufwbmvrSm rdi;f yGeapmfbm;}uD;&Jh r[ma'0D psmye
d
h
kd
k f
G
tcrf;tem;odk@ te,fe,ft&yf&yfrS apmfbGm;}uD;rsm;wufa&muf=u+yD;/ &Srf;jynfESifh
awmifwef;a'o tem*wfvwvyfa&;udpP aqG;aEG;=uw,f? 1946 ck Zefe0g&v (31) &ufae@/
G f
D
rdkif;udkifapmfbGm;a[mf}uD;rSm apmfbGm;rsm;aumifpDtpnf;ta0;w&yfusif;ycJh=uw,f/ tJ'D
tpnf;ta0;oabmwlncsut& 1946 ck rwfvrSm usa&mufrnfh vJcsm;apmfbm;e,f yifvkH
D f
G
bk&m;yGrm &Sr;f jynfvufrj_ yyGw&yfusi;f y+yD; zqyv/ ucsi/f csi;f / u&ifeD acgi;f aqmifrsm;
J S
J
zdwac:bd@k csrwom;=uw,f? 'ga=umifh &Sr;f apmfbm;rsm; zdwac:csut& yxr yifvnvmcH
f
S f G
h
G
f
f
kH D
usi;f y jyKvkyEic+hJ y;D awmh tawmftwef tjyeftvSeem;vnfr_ &&Som;+y;D aemufEpf yifvrm
f kd f
f
d G
S
kH S
xyfrq=kH uzd@k oabmxm;&&Som;=uwmjzpfw,f?
H
d G
(*) &Sr;/ ucsi/f csi;acgi;aqmifrsm; yifvpmcsKyft}udK oabmwlncsucsrwjf cif;?
f
f f
kH
D f S
&Sr;f jynfacgi;f aqmifrsm;/ ucsijf ynfacgi;f aqmifrsm;wd@k [m 1947 ck azaz:0g&v (6) &uf
D
ae@rm wdiyifaqG;aEG;oabmwln=D u+y;D / aemufxyfa&mufvm=uwJh csi;f jynfacgi;f aqmifrsm;eJ@
S kf
34


(7) &ufae@wif xyfrwiyifaqG;aEG;=u+yD;awmh wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;udk
G
H kd f
k
G f
OD;pGmwnfaqmufEicw,f?
kd f hJ
oabmwlncsursm;rSm —
D f
1? Armwd@k Eihf tqiftwef;wl/ tcGita&;wl/ &ydiciwl 'Drua&pDusus cHpm;cGi&&rnf?
S
h
hf
k f G hf
kd
hf dS
2? tr_aqmifaumfrwDwif yg0ifaqmif&u=f uaom &Sr;f ud,pm;vS,f ESihf ucsiu,pm;vS,f
G
G
k f
f kd f
wd@k onf rdrw@kd vrsKd ;toD;oD;. jynfwi;f a&;&mtm;vH;k twGuf wm0ef,aqmif&u=f u
d
l
G
l
G
&rnf?
3? ucsiw@kd u oD;jcm; ucsijf ynftvd&a=umif; awmif;qdcsuukd TaumfrwDu axmufcH
f
k dS
k f
onf?
4? Armjynftpd;k &ESihf +Adwo#tpd;k &wd@k . (atmifqef;tufwvD pmcsKyfoabmwlncsursm;
d
D f
onf &Sr;f / ucsiw@kd Eihf ygwoufjcif; r&Sap&)?
f S
f
d
5? vGwvyfa&;&&S+d y;D onfaemuf “jrefrmjynfaxmifp”rS u|Eyw@kd oabmusonftcsewif
f
h
k
kf f
h df G
cGxucihf &Sap&rnf?
J G fG d
aemufqufwrsm;tjzpf —
JG
(u) A[dtcGeawmfaiGEipyfvsO;f I &Sr;f wd@k cpm;&aomtcGita&;ESihf &ydicitm;vH;k wd@k twdi;f /
k f
S hf
H
hf
k f G hf
k
csi;f ESihf ucsiw@kd uvnf; vlO;D a&tvduf cHpm;cGi&&rnf?
f
k
hf dS
(c) csi;f wd@k a'owGif b¾ma&;rvHavmufonf&caomf jrefrmjynftcGeawmfqufaiGrsm;rS
k
dS hJ
f
jznfwif;oH;k pG&rnf?
h
J
(*) &Sr;f / ucsi/f csi;f ud,pm;vS,rsm;yg0ifaomawmifwef;om;rsm; pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;tzG@J
k f
f
G f
OD;pD;tr_aqmifaumfrwDw&yfukd zG@J pnf; wnfaxmif&rnf? ‚if;tr_aqmifaumfrwDonf
awmifwef;om;rsm;ESihf jrefrmjynftpd;k &wd@k t=um;wGif ay:ayguor#aom ay:vpDa&;
f
qdi&mudp&yftm;vH;k ESihf pyfvsO;f I tqH;k tjzwfay;Ediaom tm%mtjynftpH&&rnf
kf
P
kf
h k dS
— [lI yg&+dS yD;awmh &Sr;f jynfacgi;f aqmif (14) OD;/ ucsijf ynfacgi;f aqmif (6) OD;ESihf csi;f jynf
acgif;aqmif (3) OD; toD;oD; oabmwlvufrSwfa&; xdk;=uygw,f? tJ'DpmcsKyf[m
Armjynfrtpd;k &ud,pm; AdvcsKyfatmifqef;ESihf 1947 ck azaz:0g&v (12) &ufae@wif
k f
k f
D
G
csKyfqxm;cJ=h uwJh yifvpmcsKyf&hJ t}udKpmcsKyfyifjzpfygw,f?
kd
kH
yifvpmcsKyf&tESpom&uawmh —
kH
hJ
f
1? oD;jcm;pDwnf&we,fajrrsm; w+ydKifwnf;vGwvyfa&;&,l=uzd@k Eihf
dS hJ
f
S
2? trsKd ;om;wef;wl&nfwl zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpwnfaqmufa&; bJjzpfygw,f?
k
'ga=umifh wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; OD;pGmpnf;vH;k nD!wa&;udk wnfaqmuf=u+yD;rS Armtif
k
G f
tm;pkEihf xyfqifoabmwlnr&&S+d yD; trsKd ;om;pdw"gw/f jynfaxmifppw"gwwnfaqmuf
S
h
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f
k d f f
Edi=f u+yD; udvet*FvyxrS vGwvyfa&;udvnf; trdt& wGe;f tm;ay;Edijf cif; jzpfygw,f?
k
k kd D
d f H
f
k
k
35


'kw,t}udrf pnf;vH;nD!wa&;wnfaqmufjcif;
d
k
G f
obmywd}uD;ESihf acgi;f aqmif}uD;rsm;cifAsm; (u) 1947 ck/ zG@J pnf;tkycsKyfytm;enf;csursm;?
f kH
f
Armjynfre,fajrudk,fpm;jyK+yD; AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifh &Srf;jynf/ ucsifjynf/ csif;jynf
ud,pm;jyKwdi;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm; csKyfqc=hJ uwJh yifvpmcsKyfrm tEdit¶_;H pmcsKyfr[kwyg?
k f
k
kd
kH
S
kf
f
wdi;f &if;om;rsm; wef;wl&nfwjl ynfaxmifpk wnfaqmufz@kd bJ jzpfygw,f?
k
'gayrJh AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;usqHk;oGm;+yD;aemufydkif;/ zqyvacgif;aqmifrsm;[m yifvHk
pdw"gw/f wef;wla&;pdw"gw/f trsKd ;om;pdw"gwf tajccHrraoGz,ftm;eJ=u+y;D 1947 ck zG@J pnf;
f
f
f
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tkycsKyfykH tajccHOya'a&;qG&mrSm Armjynfrudk jynfaxmifptm%mESihf wGxm;vd@k / &Sr;f jynf/
f
J
k
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ucsijf ynf/ csi;f jynfrsm;[m wef;wltcGita&;qH;k ¶_;H oGm;w,f? Armpd;k rd;k jcif; vufatmufcH
hf
usa&mufom;w,f? jynfe,f&oif&xduwhJ rGe/f u&if/ &cdiukd jynfe,fxaxmifray;bl;?
G
h k f
kf
l
u&ifejD ynfacgi;f aqmif apmzsmESihf jynforsm; qENrygbJ vufatmufcjH ynfe,fwe,ftjzpf
l
twif;xnfxm;vduw,f? 'ga=umifvwvyfa&;&+y;D zG@J pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya' touf0if
h
k f
h
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f kH
vmonfESifhw+ydKifeuf jynfwGif;ppfrD;[mvnf; w+ydKifwnf;pwif avmifu|rf;oGm;wm
jzpfw,f?
t*FvdyfukdvdkeDacwfumvrSm Armtygt0if wdkif;&if;om;e,fajrrsm;tm;vHk; udkvdkeD
vufatmufcjH zpfc=hJ uw,f/ 'gayrJh Armjynfrudom t*Fvytpd;k &u wdu¶utycsKyf+yD;
k
d f
k f kd f k f
&Sr;f / ucsi/f csi;f ESihf u&ife,fajr[m ud,yitycsKyfci&&Sxm;wmjzpfw,f? u&ifejD ynfuawmh
k f kd f k f G hf d
t*FvdyfESifh Armbk&ifu oD;jcm;vGwfvyfwJhwdkif;jynftjzpf qufvuftodtrSwfjyKxm;
wmjzpfw,f? 'gayrJh vGwvyfa&;&+y;D wJh aemuf 1947 ck zG@J pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya'rSm Armu
f
f kH
t*Fvyae&mwufxijf yD; wdi;f &if;om;rsm; vufatmufcb0usa&mufom;wmjzpfw,f?
d f
kd
k
H
G
(c) wdi;&if;om;rsm;pnf;vH;nD!wa&;wnfaqmufjcif;?
kf
k
G f
1947 ck zG@J pnf;tkycsKyfykH tc%f; (10) rSm (10) ESpjf ynfcxuyiciygw,f? tc%f;
f
h JG G f kd f G hf
(11) rSm jyifqifciygw,f? 'gayrJh wdi;f &if;om;acgi;f aqmifrsm;[m cGxuciw}udrwcgrS
G hf
k
J G f G hf
f
roH;k cJb;l — Oya'twdi;f jyifqifciwifwmawmifrS zqyvnD!waewJtcserm ta=umif;
h
k
G hf
G f h dfS
trsKd ;rsKd ;jy+yD; tcseqvmcJw,f?
d f JG
h
'gayrJh zqyv tzG@J csKyf OD;EkEihf OD;ausm+f idr;f oef@&i;f — wnf+rJ uG=J u+yJ=u+yD;wJtcse=f urS
S
S
h d
0ef}uD;csKyfOD;Ekuae+yD;awmh jynfe,facgif;aqmifrsm;udkac:+yD;awmh wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;
nD!wa&;udk jyefvnf wnfaqmufvw,f? zG@J pnf;tkycsKyfytajccHOya'jyifvygu jyifygq+kd y;D
G f
kd
f kH
kd
w&m;a&;0ef}uD;Xmeudyg wygwnf; v$ay;vkuw,f? tJ'tcsef 1960 ck a&G;aumufyrm
k
J
d f
D d
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OD;EkO;D aqmifwhJ oef@&i;f zqyvrSm oH;k yHEpyausmf tjywftowftEdi&&S+d y;D jynfe,ftiftm;pk
S
k S f kH
kf
36


ESifhaygif;vdkuf&if 90 &mckdifE_ef;tiftm; &SdwJhtcsdefjzpfw,f? zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'
jyifqifa&;twGuf taumif;qH;k tcsef vnf;jzpfygw,f?
d
tJ'vtcGita&;&wmeJ@w+yKd ifeuf &Sr;f / ucsi/f csi;f / u&ife/D u&ifjynfe,facgi;f aqmifrsm;
D kd hf
ESihf rGe/f &cdif acgi;f aqmifrsm; 330 OD;wd@k [m 1961 ck ZGev (8) &ufae@rS (16) &ufae@txd
k
f
awmif}uD;+rdK@rSm zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'jyifqifa&;qGJ&eftwGuf nDvmcH}uD;w&yfudk
usi;f yðyvkycw,f?
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tJ'wi;f &if;om;rsm; awmif}uD;nDvmcHrm wdi;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; pnf;vH;k nD!wa&;
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(Solidarity) udwnfaxmifEic=hJ uygw,f?
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39

ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းစြာအတူယွဥ္တြဲေနထိုင္ေရး၀ါဒမွသည္စစ္မွန္ေသာဖက္ဒရယ္ျပည္ေထာင္စုစနစ္သို႔ (၈)

ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းစြာအတူယွဥ္တြဲေနထိုင္ေရး၀ါဒမွသည္စစ္မွန္ေသာဖက္ဒရယ္ျပည္ေထာင္စုစနစ္သို႔ (၈)

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