高等管理理論課堂報告
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Theory building from case studies provides opportunities to develop new theories from patterns across cases, but also poses challenges for writing publishable manuscripts. Case studies allow exploration of "how" and "why" questions in new areas where no existing theory applies. However, researchers must justify why an inductive case-based approach is necessary rather than testing existing theories. Selection of representative yet diverse cases, collection of rich qualitative data, balancing theory development with evidence, and clearly presenting theoretical arguments can help address common issues in case-based theory building.
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This document is a report on a student's reading of academic papers and discussions with their professor. It summarizes several papers on topics related to theory building from case studies. The student notes that one paper emphasizes the importance of single-case research and finds that storytelling and rigorous methodology are both important for developing good theory. Another paper responds to a previous work, arguing that generating theory requires deep case studies rather than surface-level ones. The report concludes by outlining the process of inducting theory from case studies.
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I’m a young Pakistani Blogger, Academic Writer, Freelancer, Quaidian & MPhil Scholar, Quote Lover, Co-Founder at Essar Student Fund & Blueprism Academia, belonging from Mehdiabad, Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan.
I am an academic writer & freelancer! I can work on Research Paper, Thesis Writing, Academic Research, Research Project, Proposals, Assignments, Business Plans, and Case study research.
Expertise:
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The document summarizes several academic papers on theory building from case studies. It discusses:
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2) A paper that argues good theory results from rigorous methodology and comparative logic between multiple cases, not just good storytelling, as seen in classic case studies.
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I’m a young Pakistani Blogger, Academic Writer, Freelancer, Quaidian & MPhil Scholar, Quote Lover, Co-Founder at Essar Student Fund & Blueprism Academia, belonging from Mehdiabad, Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan.
I am an academic writer & freelancer! I can work on Research Paper, Thesis Writing, Academic Research, Research Project, Proposals, Assignments, Business Plans, and Case study research.
Expertise:
Management Sciences, Business Management, Marketing, HRM, Banking, Business Marketing, Corporate Finance, International Business Management
For Order Online:
Whatsapp: +923452502478
Portfolio Link: https://blueprismacademia.wordpress.com/
Email: arguni.hasnain@gmail.com
Follow Me:
Linkedin: arguni_hasnain
Instagram : arguni.hasnain
Facebook: arguni.hasnain
Research methods in education chapter 6
This section discusses key concepts in developing a research study including the research problem, hypothesis, assumptions, and conceptual model. It defines a research problem as a question that will be answered by the study's hypothesis. A hypothesis is a tentative explanation for a research problem and aims to explain or predict the relationship between two or more variables. There are two main types of hypotheses: research hypotheses and null hypotheses. Assumptions are statements accepted as true without proof, and a conceptual model represents the theoretical framework of a study through a set of interrelated constructs.
Grounded theory
The document provides an overview of grounded theory, including its definition, history, uses, and evaluation. Grounded theory was developed in the 1960s by Glaser and Strauss as a qualitative research methodology to build theories inductively from data rather than testing existing hypotheses. The key steps involve collecting data through methods like interviews, coding the data to identify concepts and categories, and developing a theory grounded in the data to explain a process. The theory is evaluated based on its connection to the raw data and usefulness in explaining the phenomenon under study.
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Grounded Theory: A specific methodology developed by Glaser and Strauss (1967) for the purpose of building theory from data. In their book the term grounded theory is used in a more sense to denote theoretical constructs derived form qualitative analysis of data.
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This document provides an overview of grounded theory, a qualitative research method developed by sociologists Glaser and Strauss in 1967. It describes grounded theory as an inductive technique where the theory is developed from the collected data. Key aspects of grounded theory include continuous data collection and analysis to develop a theoretical understanding of a phenomenon while grounding it in empirical observations. The process involves coding data through open, axial and selective coding to identify categories and their properties and link them to develop a core category or theory.
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Grounded theory is a qualitative research method that aims to generate theory from data. It involves collecting and analyzing data to develop concepts and build theories through an iterative process. The researcher begins with an area of interest but avoids preconceived hypotheses to remain open-minded. Data collection methods like interviews are used, with questions evolving based on emerging concepts. Constant comparison of data is done during coding to group data into categories and identify relationships between categories. The goal is to develop a core category that explains most variation in the data and relates other categories. Rigor is ensured through fit, relevance, workability and modifiability of the generated theory.
Nurs 508 ass i, pls grounded theory
Grounded theory is a qualitative research methodology that aims to build theory from data. It involves collecting and analyzing data to develop concepts and build relationships between concepts to form theories. The grounded theory process involves initial coding of data, focused coding to synthesize codes into categories, theoretical sampling to refine categories, and memo writing to develop theoretical concepts. Studies using grounded theory are evaluated based on their focus, purpose, methodology, sampling strategy, data analysis process, theoretical findings, and conclusions.
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This document provides an overview of grounded theory as a qualitative research method. It describes grounded theory as a systematic approach used to generate theories about processes or interactions by inductively analyzing a corpus of data. The key aspects of grounded theory covered are that the goal is to develop a theory grounded in data from a natural setting; it involves concurrent data collection and analysis using techniques like theoretical sampling and constant comparison; and the researcher aims to minimize assumptions to allow a theory to emerge from the data.
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Grounded theory is a systematic qualitative research methodology that focuses on generating theory from data. It involves iterative collection and analysis of data to develop conceptual categories. The researcher codes data to identify concepts and looks for relationships between concepts to develop a theoretical understanding grounded in the views of participants. Key aspects of grounded theory include constant comparison of data, memo writing to develop ideas about codes and relationships, and allowing theory to emerge from the data rather than testing a pre-existing hypothesis. The goal is to develop a theory that explains processes, actions or interactions for a particular topic.
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The document discusses research methodology, specifically describing quantitative and qualitative research, probability and non-probability sampling, hypotheses, and the research process.
Key points:
- Quantitative research uses statistical analysis to examine relationships among variables, while qualitative research explores people's experiences, feelings, and perspectives.
- Probability sampling aims for a random selection to ensure equal chances of selection, while non-probability sampling does not involve random selection.
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The document discusses grounded theory method and provides details on its key aspects:
- It defines grounded theory as a research method that generates or discovers a theory from data systematically obtained from social research.
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This research paper discusses the criteria for a scientifically valid research paper, including using standard methodology, logically analyzing data, and clearly presenting findings in a way that satisfies readers. The paper emphasizes that for a research paper to be considered appropriate, it must meet standards for scientific validity, follow a standard methodology, and have a logical process for data analysis that is clearly presented.
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Introduction
In life, there are universal laws that govern everything we do. These laws are so perfect that if you were to align yourself with them, you could have so much prosperity that it would be coming out of your ears. This is because God created the universe in the image and likeness of him. It is failure to follow the universal laws that causes one to fail. The laws that were created consisted of the following: ·
Law of Gratitude: The Law of Gratitude states that you must show gratitude for what you have. By having gratitude, you speed your growth and success faster than you normally would. This is because if you appreciate the things you have, even if they are small things, you are open to receiving more.
Law of Attraction: The Law of Attraction states that if you focus your attention on something long enough you will get it. It all starts in the mind. You think of something and when you think of it, you manifest that in your life. This could be a mental picture of a check or actual cash, but you think about it with an image.
Law of Karma: the Law of Karma states that if you go out and do something bad, it will come back to you with something bad. If you do well for others, good things happen to you. The principle here is to know you can create good or bad through your actions. There will always be an effect no matter what.
Law of Love: the Law of Love states that love is more than emotion or feeling; it is energy. It has substance and can be felt. Love is also considered acceptance of oneself or others. This means that no matter what you do in life if you do not approach or leave the situation out of love, it won't work.
Law of Allowing: The Law of Allowing states that for us to get what we want, we must be receptive to it. We can't merely say to the Universe that we want something if we don't allow ourselves to receive it. This will defeat our purpose for wanting it in the first place.
Law of Vibration: the Law of Vibration states that if you wish on something and use your thoughts to visualize it, you are halfway there to get it. To complete the cycle you must use the Law of Vibration to feel part of what you want. Do this and you'll have anything you want in life.
For everything to function properly there has to be structure. Without structure, our world, or universe, would be in utter chaos. Successful people understand universal laws and apply them daily. They may not acknowledge that to you, but they do follow the laws. There is a higher power and this higher power controls the universe and what we get out of it. People who know this, but wish to direct their own lives, follow the reasons. Successful people don't sit around and say "I'll try," they say yes and act on it.
Chapter - 1
The Law of Attraction
The law of attraction is the most powerful force in the universe. If you work against it, it can only bring you pain and misery. Successful people know this but have kept it hidden from the lower class for centuries because th
Whatisacasestudy
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This document discusses research design and case study methodology. It begins by defining a case study as a research strategy that focuses on understanding the dynamics within a case. It then discusses key aspects of case study research including defining research questions, selecting cases, collecting data, analyzing data, comparing findings to existing literature, and developing hypotheses. The document provides examples of case study research and discusses the strengths of the approach, which include developing deep insights and understanding causal mechanisms. It outlines the typical process for conducting a case study and provides advice around combining data collection methods, using multiple investigators, and allowing flexibility in the research design.
Qualitative research designs
This document provides an overview of qualitative research. It defines qualitative research as research using text and pictures rather than numbers, taking a holistic approach to understand phenomena. The document outlines several major qualitative research designs including case studies, ethnography, phenomenology, grounded theory, and content analysis. It discusses when a qualitative approach is appropriate and provides details on how to conduct and analyze data for a case study design. The goal of qualitative research is to provide a rich story and tentative hypotheses about observed social phenomena.
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高等管理理論課堂報告
- 1. Theory Building From Cases: Opportunities And Challenges 從多個個案建立理論的機會與挑戰 KATHLEEN M. EISENHARDT Stanford University MELISSA E. GRAEBNER University of Texas at Austin 提報者：張瑛玿
- 2. 理論來自個案間和個案內的邏輯 The theory is emergent in the sense that it is situated in and developed by recognizing patterns of relationships among constructs within and across cases and their underlying logical arguments. Central to building theory from case studies is replication logic (Eisenhardt, 1989b). That is, each case serves as a distinct experiment that stands on its own as an analytic unit.
- 3. 趣味度和引用度 Papers that build theoryfrom cases are often regarded as the “most interesting” research (Bartunek, Rynes, & Ireland, 2006) Among the most highly cited pieces in AMJ (e.g., Eisenhardt, 1989a; Gersick, 1988), with impact disproportionate to their numbers.
- 4. 數個個案的優點”客觀“和”誠實“ Well-done theory build-ing from cases is surprisingly “objective,” because its close adherence to the data keeps researchers “honest.” with inductive Theory building from cases producing new theory from data and deductive theory testing completing the cycle by using data
- 5. 是突出也是挑戰 Theory building from cases is increasingly prominent, challenges in writing publishable manuscripts using this research strategy exist.
- 6. 為何要歸納(inductive)? When using theory building from cases as a research strategy, researchers also must take the added step of justifying why the research question is better addressed by theory-building rather than theory-testing research. So why is this an inductive study? A researcher has to frame the research within the context of this theory and then show how inductive theory building is necessary.
- 7. 為何明明有問題卻找不到理論回答 A key response to this challenge is to clarify why the research question is significant, and why there is no existing theory that offers a feasible answer. A researcher has to frame the research in terms of the importance of the phenomenon and the lack of plausible existing theory.
- 8. 總而言之 More broadly, theory-building research using cases typically answers research questions that address “how” and “why” in unexplored research areas particularly well (Edmondson & McManus, 2007).
- 9. 常見的問題：個案們挑選的問題 個案挑選的理由： 1.理論的複製和延申 2.替代性解釋的消除 粗糙的假設：將不具代表性的個案們強行概括化 1.主觀化的個案選擇 2.特殊類型個型（polar types) 問題：怎案的個案才是好個案？個案間又應有何種 關聯？
- 10. 多樣貌的資料類型 Case studies can accommodate a rich variety of data sources, including interviews, archival data, survey data, ethnographies, and observations. 問題：訪談有沒有深度？研究者能提出有 義的問題或只是“反射性”的閒聊？問題： 偏見是否可以存在？又如何能不存在？
- 11. 資料匯整： 質化資料和量化資料的對話←困難嗎? A more subtle challenge arises from the confusion between qualitative data and qualitative research. The key implication is that some readers will confuse different kinds of research that seem similar because they use qualitative data, and these readers may be disappointed if the research does not then
- 12. 取捨之間: 保留細節和版面空間的調節←豐富度? Case data cannot be so tightly summarized, because much of it consists of rich qualitative detail. This intertwining keeps both theory and evidence at the forefront of the paper. The challenge in multiple-case research is to stay within spatial constraints while also conveying both the emergent theory that is the research objective and the rich empirical evidence that supports the theory.
- 13. 故事為何要這樣說? sketch Empirica proposition l evidenc s e relationshi conclusio p
- 14. Process of building theory from cases study research(1989) Getting started Selecting cases Crating instruments and protocols Ending the field Analyzing data Shaping hypothesis Enfolding liyerature Reaching closure
- 15. 什麼是“grounded theory building”? What is the different between “Creating theory”?
- 16. Fresh theory will come from: These often very legitimate challenges can be mitigated through precise language and thoughtful research design: careful justification of theory building, theoretical sampling of cases, interviews that limit informant bias, rich presentation of evidence in tables and appendixes, and clear statement of theoretical arguments.
- 17. The end Thanks