This document discusses stroke, including its causes, risk factors, types, and methods of prevention and treatment. Stroke is a clinical syndrome resulting from focal or global cerebral dysfunction lasting more than 24 hours caused by a vascular origin. The main types of stroke are subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral thrombosis or embolism, and transient cerebral ischemia lasting more than 24 hours. Key risk factors for stroke include smoking, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, older age, diabetes, high cholesterol, lack of exercise, and illicit drug use like cocaine. Prevention methods include controlling risk factors through lifestyle changes and medications, as well as early diagnosis and treatment of TIAs to prevent major strokes.

2. SHAHRUKH AHAMD
GROUP 3RD

3.  Rapidly developed clinical signs of focal
(or global) disturbance of cerebral function;
lasting more than 24 hours or leading to
death, with no apparent cause other than
vascular origin
 TIA: <24 hours

6.  Morbidity ( 12 country WHO study)
Incidence : 0.2 -2.5/1000/yr.
 Mortality: leading cause of death &
disability through out world
 33% cases die within 3 weeks, 48% die within 1yr

8. Host Factors
1.Age
80% cases: In India >40 yr;
while in developed countries >65 yr
2.Sex
Males
3.Personal History
History of DM/HT/Cardiovascular diseases

9. Pathogenesis of Stroke

10. Types of Paralysis

11. Types of stroke

12.  Subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)
 Cerebral hemorrhage
 Cerebral thrombosis or embolism
 Occlusion of pre cerebral arteries
 Transient cerebral ischemia (TCI) more than 24 hrs.
 Ill defined cardiovascular disease ,
when underlying pathology is in brain

13. Risk Factors of Stroke

14. SHAME are the risk factors for Stroke
Smoking
Hypertension/ Hyperlipidemia,
Atrial fibrillation
Male
Elderly
5 Cs are the causes for stroke in young age
Cancer
Cardiogenic emboli
CNS infection [HIV conditions]
Congenital arterial lesion
Cocaine
Risk Factors of Stroke

16.  Control of Hypertension
 Control of Diabetes
 Control of Cholesterol & Saturated Fat Intake
 No alcohol
 No smoking
 Regular exercise
 Maintain healthy weight
 Avoid illicit drug like cocain which is associated with TIA
Primary Prevention of Stroke

17. Secondary Prevention of Stroke
Early diagnosis and management
of TIA/Stroke

18. Secondary Prevention of Stroke

19. Secondary Prevention of Stroke

20.  Remove obstruction to restore
blood flow to brain
 Clot busting drugs within 3 hrs.
 Carotid endarterectomy
 Angioplasty
 Preventive medications
 Anti-platelet drugs
 Anti-coaggulants
Secondary Prevention of Stroke
(Treatment)

21. 1.Disability Limitation
• Prevention of Complications
• Good nursing care (bladder and bowel)
2.Rehabilitation
• Physical
• Occupational
• Psychological
Tertiary Prevention of Stroke