Cardio Vascular Accident Sample Case Presentation

1. CEREBROVASCULAR
ACCIDENT

2.  Cerebrovascular Accident is a sudden
loss of function resulting from
disruption of the blood supply to a part
of the brain. Stroke, also called brain
attack or ischemic stroke, happens
when the arteries leading to the brain
are blocked or ruptured.

3.  When the brain does not receive the
needed oxygen supply, the brain cells
begin to die, a stroke can cause
paralysis, inability to talk, inability to
understand, and other conditions
brought on by brain damage.

4. Four types of stoke:
1. Cerebral Thrombosis- caused by
blood clots.
2. Cerebral Embolism- caused by blood
clots.
3. Cerebral Hemorrhage- caused by
bleeding inside the brain.
4. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage- caused
by bleeding inside the brain.

5. Cerebral Thrombosis
 The most common type of brain
attack.
 Occurs when a blood clot (thrombus)
forms and blocks blood flow in an
artery leading to the brain arteries
primarily affected by atherosclerosis
and more susceptible to blood clots.
 Most often occurs at night or in the
morning when blood pressure in low.
 Often preceded by a transient
ischemic attack (TIA) or “mini-stroke”.

6. Cerebral Embolism
 Occurs when a wondering clot
(embolus) or some other particle
forms in a blood vessel away from the
brain, usually in the heart. The clot
then travels and lodges in an artery
leading on the brain.

7. Cerebral Hemorrhage
 Occurs when a defective artery in the
brain busts.

8. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
 Occurs when a blood vessel on the
surface of the brain ruptures and
bleeds into the space between the
brain and the skull.

9.  The World Health Organization (WHO)
definition of stroke is “rapidly developing
clinical signs of focal (or global)
disturbance of cerebral function, with
symptoms lasting 24 hours or longer or
leading to death, with no apparent cause
other than of (1) Non-communicable
disease. WHO Geneva (2) vascular
origin” (3) By applying this definition
transient ischemic attack (TIA), which is
defined to less than 24 hours, and
patients with stroke symptoms caused by
subdural hemorrhage, tumors, poisoning,
or trauma, are excluded.

10. CASE STUDY

11. DEMOGRAPHIC DATA
Name: SEF, MARIO
Age: 65 YEARS OLD
Gender: MALE
Civil Status: SINGLE
Religion: CATHOLIC
Occupation: CALL CENTER AGENT

12. Past Health History
 The patient was diagnosed to have
Diabetes Mellitus Type 11, 10 years
ago and was also diagnosed to be
hypertensive since then. Since the
time that he was diagnosed, the
patient has been taking maintenance
medication therapeutically to control
his blood sugar level and blood
pressure. The patient also has family
history of diabetes and hypertension
on his both parent’s side.

13. History of Present Illness
 The patient was rushed to the hospital
after being unconscious and suddenly
fainted while doing some carpentry
works in his house. According to the
niece of the patient, PTA he has been
complaining of headache and
dizziness during the past few weeks
and they have noticed that there was
slurring of speech and mild facial
asymmetry.

14. History of Present Illness
(Cont..)
 The niece also added that 3 days PTA
the patient has verbalized to
experience mild weakness on the right
side of his body.
 Upon assessment, the patient’s LOC
is at GCS 10 (E3, V3, M4) and his vital
signs are as follows:
◦ BP- 180/100mmHg,
◦ HR- 120BPM
◦ RR- 28CPM
◦ T- 37.1DC

15. History of Present Illness
(Cont..)
 The patient smokes 2 packs of
cigarette per day and drinking alcohol
3 bottles (Liters) of beer for at least
once a week on his off.
 The patient also works on night shift.

16. Chief complaint:
 Loss of Consciousness.

18.  A 65 year old male patient was rushed
to the hospital after being unconscious
and suddenly fainted while carpentry
on his house.