Stroke: causes and the essential things to be taken care of
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Stroke occurs when the blood supply to the brain is restricted or stopped, causing brain cells to die. It is diagnosed through neurological exams, CT scans, MRI scans, Doppler ultrasound, or arteriography. Treatment depends on the type and severity of stroke, and may include medicines to prevent blood clots, reduce blood pressure, or repair damage from bleeding in the brain. Stroke recovery can be a long process and may involve rehabilitation to help the patient regain independence and adjust emotionally and socially.
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The document summarizes the investigations and management of stroke. Key points include:
1. Imaging such as CT or MRI is used to distinguish between hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke and identify underlying causes. CT is more widely available while MRI is more sensitive.
2. Risk factors, cardiac investigations, and vascular imaging are also conducted to determine the cause of ischemic stroke.
3. Management of ischemic stroke involves supportive care, thrombolysis within 3 hours, aspirin to prevent recurrence, and carotid surgery for severe stenosis to reduce risk of further stroke.
4. For hemorrhagic stroke, reversal of coagulopathy and surgical evacuation may be considered to control bleeding and intracranial pressure
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- Major risk factors include age, gender, race, family history, diabetes, heart disease, smoking, hypertension, and obesity.
- Strokes are classified based on location and cause, such as thrombotic, embolic, or hemorrhagic strokes.
- Complications include sensory and motor deficits, speech/swallowing issues, and cognitive/emotional changes.
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Stroke is caused by interrupted blood flow to the brain and can be either hemorrhagic or ischemic. Ischemic strokes are more common and can be caused by thrombosis, embolism, or hypoperfusion. The brain requires a lot of oxygen and glucose which can be cut off by these events, triggering a damaging cascade within brain cells. Imaging like CT and MRI are used to diagnose stroke and determine if damaged areas can still be salvaged. Risk factors include conditions like high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, and lifestyle factors. Treatment focuses on restoring blood flow as quickly as possible if the patient presents within the approved time window.
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There are three main types of strokes: ischemic, hemorrhagic, and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). Ischemic strokes, which account for 85% of cases, occur when a blood clot blocks an artery in the brain. Hemorrhagic strokes happen when a brain artery ruptures, often due to high blood pressure. TIAs are mini-strokes caused by temporary blood flow interruptions. Diagnostic tests like CT scans and MRIs are used to determine the type of stroke and appropriate treatment, which may include clot-busting drugs, surgery, or rehabilitation therapy. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help prevent strokes.
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This document provides information about strokes, including:
- The anatomy of the brain and its blood supply from arteries.
- The definition of a stroke as a neurological dysfunction lasting over 24 hours due to cerebrovascular disease.
- The types, causes, risk factors, signs and symptoms, and management of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes.
- Myths and facts about strokes, including that up to 80% are preventable but they can affect anyone at any time.
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4. stroke- investigations and management
The document summarizes the investigations and management of stroke. Key points include:
1. Imaging such as CT or MRI is used to distinguish between hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke and identify underlying causes. CT is more widely available while MRI is more sensitive.
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3. Management of ischemic stroke involves supportive care, thrombolysis within 3 hours, aspirin to prevent recurrence, and carotid surgery for severe stenosis to reduce risk of further stroke.
4. For hemorrhagic stroke, reversal of coagulopathy and surgical evacuation may be considered to control bleeding and intracranial pressure
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This document provides an overview of strokes, including:
1) Strokes are caused by an interruption of blood flow to the brain and are a leading cause of death and disability in the US.
2) The two main types of strokes are ischemic, caused by blockage of arteries, and hemorrhagic, caused by bleeding in the brain.
3) Warning signs of a stroke include sudden weakness, confusion, trouble speaking, and vision changes. Acting FAST (Face, Arms, Speech, Time) and calling 911 immediately can help reduce stroke damage.
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This document discusses stroke assessment for EMS providers. It defines a stroke as a sudden interruption of blood flow to the brain, outlines risk factors like hypertension and smoking, and describes common types such as thrombosis and hemorrhage. Signs and symptoms include weakness, altered mental status, and slurred speech. It emphasizes the importance of rapid assessment using tools like the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale and urgent transport to treat strokes within 3 hours of onset. Early detection and transport by EMS can significantly impact outcomes for stroke patients.
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- Stroke is caused by interrupted blood flow to the brain and can be ischemic (caused by clots or blockages) or hemorrhagic (caused by bleeding).
- Major risk factors include age, gender, race, family history, diabetes, heart disease, smoking, hypertension, and obesity.
- Strokes are classified based on location and cause, such as thrombotic, embolic, or hemorrhagic strokes.
- Complications include sensory and motor deficits, speech/swallowing issues, and cognitive/emotional changes.
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Dr. Gourav Goyal
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A stroke, or cerebrovascular accident (CVA), occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, causing brain cells to die from lack of oxygen. The most common causes of stroke are thrombosis, where a clot blocks a blood vessel, and embolism, where a traveling clot blocks a vessel. Less common is hemorrhage, where a blood vessel ruptures in the brain. Risk factors include age, hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and smoking. Symptoms vary depending on the affected brain region but can include paralysis, difficulty speaking, and mental status changes. Treatment involves stabilizing the patient, treating the underlying cause, and rehabilitation to regain lost functions.
stroke
Stroke is caused by interrupted blood flow to the brain and can be either hemorrhagic or ischemic. Ischemic strokes are more common and can be caused by thrombosis, embolism, or hypoperfusion. The brain requires a lot of oxygen and glucose which can be cut off by these events, triggering a damaging cascade within brain cells. Imaging like CT and MRI are used to diagnose stroke and determine if damaged areas can still be salvaged. Risk factors include conditions like high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, and lifestyle factors. Treatment focuses on restoring blood flow as quickly as possible if the patient presents within the approved time window.
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Brain stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain bleeds or is blocked by a clot, depriving brain tissue of oxygen. The main risk factors for brain stroke include an unhealthy diet high in saturated fats that can increase blood pressure and cholesterol, high blood pressure, certain medications like blood thinners, excessive alcohol consumption, and physical inactivity. Maintaining a balanced diet, exercising regularly, monitoring blood pressure, taking medications appropriately, and drinking alcohol in moderation can help reduce the risk of brain stroke.
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Strokes are the 5th leading cause of death in the US, occurring when blood flow to the brain is interrupted by a blockage or rupture, and can be ischemic (caused by clots), hemorrhagic (caused by bleeding), or transient ischemic attacks. Symptoms appear suddenly and without warning, including numbness, confusion, trouble speaking, and vision problems. Proper diagnosis and treatment is needed as soon as symptoms appear to prevent long-term disability or death.
Colorectal cancer
This document provides an overview of cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) and transient ischemic attacks (TIA). It defines TIA as a temporary neurological deficit lasting less than 24 hours. Signs and symptoms of TIA include weakness, numbness, slurred speech, and visual problems. Management of TIA involves antithrombotic therapy and controlling risk factors like hypertension and diabetes. Stroke is defined as neurological signs lasting over 24 hours due to a vascular cause. Ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes are described along with their causes, signs, and diagnostic tests. Treatment includes thrombolysis, anticoagulants, surgery, and rehabilitation involving a multidisciplinary team.
Case Presentation On Cerebrovascular Accident With Ischemic Stroke
The document presents a case report of a 47-year-old male patient admitted with weakness on the left side of his body, slurred speech, and nasal regurgitation. Imaging and labs confirmed an ischemic stroke in the right side of the brain. The patient's medical history includes diabetes and hypertension. Treatment included medications to reduce blood pressure and cholesterol, prevent infections, reduce acidity, thin blood, and aid recovery from stroke.
Stroke
Stroke occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is disrupted, depriving brain cells of oxygen and causing cell death. There are two main types of stroke - ischemic, caused by a blood clot blocking an artery, and hemorrhagic, caused by a burst blood vessel. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, older age, and male gender. Symptoms include sudden numbness, confusion, vision problems, and severe headaches. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, imaging tests, and blood tests. Treatment focuses on emergency medical care, rehabilitation, and lifestyle changes to prevent future strokes.
Global Medical Cures™ | STROKE- Challenges, Progress & Promise
An ischemic stroke occurs when a blood vessel supplying the brain becomes blocked, cutting off blood flow and oxygen to brain cells. A hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain bursts, leaking blood into tissues. Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in the US. Research supported by NIH aims to improve prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of stroke through studies of risk factors, brain imaging, new acute treatments, and methods to enhance recovery.
neurological disoder and sign symptoms causes
The document discusses neurological disorders and provides details about cerebrovascular accidents (strokes). It describes the blood supply to the brain from arteries like the internal carotid and vertebral arteries. There are two main types of strokes - ischemic caused by blockage and hemorrhagic caused by bleeding. Symptoms can include weakness, difficulty speaking, and vision issues. Diagnosis involves scans and tests of the blood. Treatment depends on the type but may include clot-busting drugs or surgery. Lifestyle changes can help prevent strokes by maintaining healthy blood pressure and cholesterol levels.
What are the signs of stroke and what should you do
Strokes can occur suddenly and cause weakness or numbness on one side of the body, confusion, vision problems, or severe headaches. If someone shows stroke symptoms, call for emergency help immediately. Doctors use scans to diagnose the type of stroke and treat it with medicines to reduce symptoms and prevent future strokes. Rehabilitation after a stroke helps patients regain abilities and adjust to disabilities through exercises and therapies. Adopting a healthy lifestyle and strictly following medical treatment can help prevent additional strokes.
stroke causes sign symptoms treatment nursing management
This document provides information on cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) and transient ischemic attacks (TIA). It defines CVA and TIA, discusses their signs and symptoms, causes, types, diagnostic tests, management, and nursing care. The objectives are to define CVA and TIA, discuss their signs and symptoms and causes, explain the prevalence of stroke, differentiate the types of stroke, outline diagnostic tests, discuss management of stroke and TIA, and utilize nursing process in caring for these patients. It also discusses rehabilitation of stroke patients involving a multidisciplinary team.
Brain Attackdefinitionandidofstrokepresentaiton
The document defines stroke and provides statistics about its prevalence. It discusses the two main types of strokes - ischemic and hemorrhagic - and their causes. Transient ischemic attacks are described as temporary stroke-like symptoms. Risk factors for stroke are outlined such as age, high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes and family history. Signs and symptoms of stroke are listed. The importance of rapid treatment is stressed as time lost can cause greater brain damage.
Stroke
1) Strokes occur when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted or reduced, causing brain cells to die. They are a medical emergency.
2) Approximately 800,000 people in the US have a stroke each year, making it the 5th leading cause of death. For black people, it is the 3rd leading cause.
3) Strokes can be ischemic, caused by blockages cutting off blood flow, or hemorrhagic, caused by bleeding in the brain. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, obesity, and older age. Diagnosis involves scans, tests, and examining symptoms like paralysis and speech problems.
Ischaemic Stroke.pptx
Ischemic stroke occurs when a blood clot blocks or narrows an artery leading to the brain, cutting off blood flow and oxygen, and can be caused by conditions like high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, or smoking; symptoms include numbness, confusion, vision problems, or severe headache; treatment focuses on dissolving clots with drugs like alteplase, reducing risk factors through lifestyle changes and medications, and managing complications.
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This lays foundation of scoping research project what are the
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1. Define Research Objectives and Scope
Clear Objectives: Define specific goals such as understanding market needs, identifying new opportunities, assessing risks, or refining pricing strategies.
Scope Definition: Clearly outline the boundaries of the research in terms of geographical focus, target demographics (e.g., age, socio-economic status), and industry sectors (e.g., healthcare IT).
3. Review Existing Literature and Resources
Literature Review: Conduct a thorough review of existing research, market reports, and relevant literature to build foundational knowledge.
Gap Analysis: Identify gaps in existing knowledge or areas where further exploration is needed.
4. Select Research Methodology and Tools
Methodological Approach: Choose appropriate research methods such as surveys, interviews, focus groups, or data analytics.
Tools and Resources: Select tools like Google Forms for surveys, analytics platforms (e.g., SimilarWeb, Statista), and expert consultations.
5. Ethical Considerations and Compliance
Ethical Approval: Ensure compliance with ethical guidelines for research involving human subjects.
Data Privacy: Implement measures to protect participant confidentiality and adhere to data protection regulations (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA).
6. Budget and Resource Allocation
Resource Planning: Allocate resources including time, budget, and personnel required for each phase of the research.
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CONTENTS
●Conduction System of the Heart
●What is ECG or EKG?
●ECG Leads
●Normal waves of ECG.
●Dimensions of ECG.
● Abnormalities of ECG
CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART
ECG:
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Lead 3- Between left arm(-ve)
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2. Augmented unipolar Limb Leads:
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AvL- Left arm
AvF- Left leg
3.Chest Leads:
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V2: Over 4th intercostal space near left sternal margin
V3:In between V2 and V4
V4:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid
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axillary line
V6:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid
axillary line.
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Waves of ECG:
P Wave
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Cause: Atrial depolarisation
Duration: 0.1 sec
QRS Complex:
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‘R’ wave is followed by a small negative wave, the ‘S’ wave.
Cause:Ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization
Duration: 0.08- 0.10 sec
T Wave:
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Cause:Ventricular repolarization Duration: 0.2 sec
Intervals and Segments of ECG:
P-R Interval:
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Duration:0.18 (0.12 to 0.2) sec
Q-T Interval:
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•‘Q-T’ interval indicates the ventricular depolarization
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i.e. it signifies the
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Duration:0.4-0.42sec
S-T Segment:
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Duration: 0.08 sec
R-R Interval:
•‘R-R’ interval is the time interval between two consecutive ‘R’ waves.
•It signifies the duration of one cardiac cycle.
Duration: 0.8 sec
Dimension of ECG:
How to find heart rhytm of the heart?
Regular rhytm:
Irregular rhytm:
More than or less than 4
How to find heart rate using ECG?
If heart Rhytm is Regular :
Heart rate =
300/No.of large b/w 2 QRS complex
= 300/4
=75 beats/mins
How to find heart rate using ECG?
If heart Rhytm is irregular:
Heart rate = 10×No.of QRS complex in 6 sec 5large box = 1sec
5×6=30
10×7 = 70 Beats/min
Abnormalities of ECG:
Cardiac Arrythmias:
1.Tachycardia
Heart Rate more than 100 beats/min
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English Drug and Alcohol Commissioners June 2024.pptx
Stroke: causes and the essential things to be taken care of
- 1. STROKE BR.SARATH THOMAS CHAMAKALAYIL ,MARIAN COLLEGE KUTTIKANAM, sarathcthomas@gmail.com
- 2. INTRODUCTION In the 1970s the WHO defined stroke as a "neurological deficit of cerebrovascular cause that persists beyond 24 hours or is interrupted by death within 24 hours."
- 6. WHY DO STROKESHAPPEN? Like all organs, the brain needs the oxygen and nutrients provided by blood to function properly. If the supply of blood is restricted or stopped, brain cells begin to die. This can lead to brain damage and possibly death.
- 9. HOW IT FEELS …..……..
- 11. DIAGNOSISOF STROKE Stroke is diagnosed through several techniques: • a neurological examination CT scans or MRI scan • Doppler ultrasound • Arteriography The diagnosis of stroke itself is clinical, with assistance from the imaging techniques. Imaging techniques also assist in determining the subtypes and cause of stroke. There is yet no commonly used blood test for the stroke diagnosis itself, though blood tests may be of help in finding out the likely cause of stroke.
- 12. TREATING A STROKE • Treatment depends on the type of stroke you have, including which part of the brain was affected and what caused it. • Most often, strokes are treated with medicines. This generally includes drugs to prevent and remove blood clots, reduce blood pressure and reduce cholesterol levels. • In some cases, surgery may be required. This is to clear fatty deposits in your arteries or to repair the damage caused by a haemorrhagic stroke.
- 13. CONCLUSION The damage caused by a stroke can be widespread and long- lasting. Some people need to have a long period of rehabilitation before they can recover their former independence, while many will never fully recover. As being social workers we need to helps the patient, his family, and the rehabilitation team to work together to reach realistic goals, individually determined. Our knowledge and skills are directed toward helping the patient and family in the adjustment process and to facilitate the stroke patient's return to the community at the highest possible level of emotional, social and economic functioning.
- 14. THANK YOU