The document provides details about the Srisailam Dam project located on the Krishna River between Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. It discusses the dam's objectives to provide irrigation and hydropower. Construction began in 1960 and was completed in 1980, displacing over 100,000 people. The dam is 142 meters high and stores 6,110 million cubic meters of water, irrigating over 2,000 square kilometers. It has a 1,670 megawatt hydropower capacity. In 2009, record rainfall caused unprecedented flooding that the dam successfully regulated without issue.
1) Hydroelectric power plants utilize the kinetic energy of flowing water to generate electricity. Water turns turbines which spin generators to produce electricity.
2) There are several types of hydroelectric turbines suited for different water head and flow conditions including Pelton, Francis, and Kaplan turbines. Pelton turbines work best for high head applications while Francis and Kaplan are used for lower heads and higher flows.
3) The key components of a hydroelectric power plant include an intake, penstock, turbine, generator, and tailrace. Water is diverted from a source through the intake and penstock before passing through the turbine which spins the generator to produce electricity which is then transmitted through power lines.
The Nagarjuna Sagar Dam is the world's largest masonry dam, built on the Krishna River between 1955-1967. It creates the Nagarjuna Sagar reservoir with a capacity of 11.56 trillion liters. The dam is 124 meters tall and over 1,500 meters long, irrigating over 5,000 square kilometers of land through canals. It also generates over 1,000 megawatts of hydroelectric power.
The presentation covers: History of Development in India, Current Status & Potential of Hydro Power, Necessity of HP Development, Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydropower, Comparison between Hydro Power, Thermal Power and Nuclear Power, Challenges/Barriers in Development of HP, Place of Hydro-Power in Power System
Dams can be classified in several ways:
1. According to use - storage dams store water, diversion dams divert water into canals, and detention dams control floods.
2. According to hydraulic design - overflow dams allow water over the crest, while non-overflow dams keep water below the top.
3. According to material - rigid dams use materials like concrete that don't deform, while non-rigid earth and rockfill dams settle and deform more.
4. According to structural behavior - examples include gravity, arch, buttress, earthen, and rockfill dams.
Dams are solid barriers constructed across rivers to store flowing water for uses like drinking water, irrigation, hydropower, flood control and recreation. The main purposes of dams worldwide are irrigation (48.6%), hydropower (17.4%), and water supply (12.7%). A dam has a dam body, reservoir, spillway, intake structures and may include a sluiceway or diversion facilities. Dams are classified by size, height, and structural design, with the main types being gravity dams, arch dams, buttress dams, embankment dams and composite dams. While dams provide benefits like food and energy, they can also cause issues like flooding, disruption of ecosystems and communities.
The document summarizes the Sardar Sarover Dam Project on the Narmada River in India. It describes the key details of the project including its goals to provide irrigation, drinking water, flood protection and hydropower. It outlines the project's components such as the dam specifications and reservoir capacity. It also discusses the benefits and impacts of the project, including people displaced, and the authorities involved in its planning and oversight such as the Narmada Water Disputes Tribunal.
This document discusses reservoir sedimentation, including its causes and mitigation strategies. It notes that geological investigation of the land, hydrology, hydrogeology, and geology are essential for planning dams and reservoirs. Several methods to control sedimentation are described, such as reducing sediment inflow, routing sediments, sediment removal, providing large storage volumes, and sediment placement. Afforestation, check dams, and operating reservoirs to discharge sediment during floods while retaining water during dry seasons can also help address the problem. Desilting of reservoirs in India needs to be prioritized, as silt deposits have reduced water storage capacity by 30-40% in major dams.
Hydropower harnesses the kinetic energy of moving water to generate electricity. It has been used for centuries to power mills and factories. Modern hydropower plants first emerged in the late 19th century and have since become a major source of renewable energy worldwide. Hydropower is classified based on factors like plant size and head. Key components include dams, reservoirs, penstocks, turbines, generators, and transformers. While hydropower has significant advantages as a clean energy source, new plants also face environmental challenges and changing water availability due to climate change. Many regions still have potential to expand sustainable hydropower development in the future.
1) Hydroelectric power plants utilize the kinetic energy of flowing water to generate electricity. Water turns turbines which spin generators to produce electricity.
2) There are several types of hydroelectric turbines suited for different water head and flow conditions including Pelton, Francis, and Kaplan turbines. Pelton turbines work best for high head applications while Francis and Kaplan are used for lower heads and higher flows.
3) The key components of a hydroelectric power plant include an intake, penstock, turbine, generator, and tailrace. Water is diverted from a source through the intake and penstock before passing through the turbine which spins the generator to produce electricity which is then transmitted through power lines.
The Nagarjuna Sagar Dam is the world's largest masonry dam, built on the Krishna River between 1955-1967. It creates the Nagarjuna Sagar reservoir with a capacity of 11.56 trillion liters. The dam is 124 meters tall and over 1,500 meters long, irrigating over 5,000 square kilometers of land through canals. It also generates over 1,000 megawatts of hydroelectric power.
The presentation covers: History of Development in India, Current Status & Potential of Hydro Power, Necessity of HP Development, Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydropower, Comparison between Hydro Power, Thermal Power and Nuclear Power, Challenges/Barriers in Development of HP, Place of Hydro-Power in Power System
Dams can be classified in several ways:
1. According to use - storage dams store water, diversion dams divert water into canals, and detention dams control floods.
2. According to hydraulic design - overflow dams allow water over the crest, while non-overflow dams keep water below the top.
3. According to material - rigid dams use materials like concrete that don't deform, while non-rigid earth and rockfill dams settle and deform more.
4. According to structural behavior - examples include gravity, arch, buttress, earthen, and rockfill dams.
Dams are solid barriers constructed across rivers to store flowing water for uses like drinking water, irrigation, hydropower, flood control and recreation. The main purposes of dams worldwide are irrigation (48.6%), hydropower (17.4%), and water supply (12.7%). A dam has a dam body, reservoir, spillway, intake structures and may include a sluiceway or diversion facilities. Dams are classified by size, height, and structural design, with the main types being gravity dams, arch dams, buttress dams, embankment dams and composite dams. While dams provide benefits like food and energy, they can also cause issues like flooding, disruption of ecosystems and communities.
The document summarizes the Sardar Sarover Dam Project on the Narmada River in India. It describes the key details of the project including its goals to provide irrigation, drinking water, flood protection and hydropower. It outlines the project's components such as the dam specifications and reservoir capacity. It also discusses the benefits and impacts of the project, including people displaced, and the authorities involved in its planning and oversight such as the Narmada Water Disputes Tribunal.
This document discusses reservoir sedimentation, including its causes and mitigation strategies. It notes that geological investigation of the land, hydrology, hydrogeology, and geology are essential for planning dams and reservoirs. Several methods to control sedimentation are described, such as reducing sediment inflow, routing sediments, sediment removal, providing large storage volumes, and sediment placement. Afforestation, check dams, and operating reservoirs to discharge sediment during floods while retaining water during dry seasons can also help address the problem. Desilting of reservoirs in India needs to be prioritized, as silt deposits have reduced water storage capacity by 30-40% in major dams.
Hydropower harnesses the kinetic energy of moving water to generate electricity. It has been used for centuries to power mills and factories. Modern hydropower plants first emerged in the late 19th century and have since become a major source of renewable energy worldwide. Hydropower is classified based on factors like plant size and head. Key components include dams, reservoirs, penstocks, turbines, generators, and transformers. While hydropower has significant advantages as a clean energy source, new plants also face environmental challenges and changing water availability due to climate change. Many regions still have potential to expand sustainable hydropower development in the future.
This document provides an overview of spillways and flood control works for dams. It discusses the key components and design considerations for spillways, including approach channels, control structures, discharge carriers, terminal structures, and energy dissipaters. It describes different types of spillways like overflow, trough, siphon, and side channel spillways. Design aspects for spillway crest gates like radial and drum gates are covered. The document also discusses intake and outlet works for reservoirs, including their components and functions.
Earthquake is a violent tremor in the earth’s crust, sending out a series of shock waves in all directions from its place of origin or epicenter.
Earthquakes constitute one of the worst natural hazards which often turn into disaster causing widespread destruction and loss to human life.
So we have to take data from the historical hazardous and effect , magnitude of earthquake vibration generated from epicenter.
The Nagarjuna Sagar Dam is the world's largest masonry dam, located on the Krishna River between the states of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh in India. Constructed between 1955 and 1967, the dam created a massive reservoir with a capacity of over 11 trillion cubic meters. Measuring 490 feet tall and 1.6 km long, the dam provides irrigation water and hydroelectric power to several districts. There is potential to further utilize the dam's unused storage capacity below the canal level by installing water pumps to access over 150 trillion cubic liters of additional storage space.
The document provides a report on field visits conducted to various irrigation projects in Nepal, including the Bagmati Irrigation Project, Khageri Irrigation Project, Narayani Lift Irrigation Project, and Gandak Barrage. Key details about each project are given such as location, command area, water sources, construction costs, and components from headworks to canal outlets. Observations from the field visits note the type of diversion structures, river training works, regulating structures, and issues around water losses and sedimentation. The projects play an important role in agriculture and the economy by facilitating irrigation over large command areas.
Spillway crest gates are adjustable gates used to control water flow in reservoir and river systems. They act as barriers to store additional water, allowing the height of dams to be increased and requiring more land acquisition. The main types of spillway gates are dripping shutters, stop logs, radial/tainter gates, drum gates, and vertical lift/rectangle gates. Vertical lift gates are rectangular gates that spin horizontally between grooved piers and can be raised or lowered by a hoisting mechanism to control water flow.
The industrial visit was a two day trip to the Nagarjuna Sagar Hydro Power Plant. 28 students and 3 faculty members from the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering participated in the visit. The main purposes of the visit were to see the real time operations of the hydro power plant, understand how the turbine works to generate power, and how water flows to the turbine. Key aspects of the plant included the dam, power generation units with a total capacity of 815.6 MW, and the canals that provide irrigation water to local districts. The students gained valuable practical knowledge about hydroelectric power generation during the visit.
The document discusses the design and construction of concrete gravity dams. It begins with an introduction of dams and their purposes, then discusses site selection factors, design considerations, foundation investigations, construction procedures, and challenges in construction. The key points are that concrete gravity dams are designed so their own weight resists external forces, and their construction involves dewatering the river, building a cofferdam, removing loose materials, and placing concrete in lifts while controlling the temperature to prevent cracking.
The document discusses dams, including their history, types, parts, failures, and site selection criteria. Dams are constructed across rivers and streams to store water for uses like electricity, irrigation, flood control, and fisheries. The earliest known dams date to 3000 BC in Jordan and the 2nd century in India. Dams are typically classified as concrete (e.g. gravity, buttress, arch), earth/embankment (e.g. earthfill, rockfill), or composite. Critical factors in dam site selection include stable geologic conditions, adequate water flow, and minimizing human displacement. Geological investigations evaluate factors like rock strength, drainage, seismic activity, and environmental hazards. Dams provide important benefits but must
This document discusses different types of dams and provides examples of famous dams in India. It defines a dam as a structure built across a river to store water for various purposes. The main purposes of dams are to store water, enable irrigation, control floods and droughts, generate hydropower, enable navigation, and develop fisheries. The document describes the typical structure of a dam and categorizes dams into four main types - gravity dams, buttress dams, arch dams, and earth dams - explaining the defining characteristics of each type. It provides details on the Bhakra Dam in Himachal Pradesh as an example of a gravity dam and lists some other famous dams across India such as the Tehri Dam, Hirakud
The document discusses hydropower, which is a renewable energy source that harnesses the kinetic energy of moving water. Hydropower has been used for thousands of years to grind grain and generate electricity. Modern hydropower plants capture the potential energy of dammed water and convert it to electrical energy using turbines connected to generators. The amount of power generated depends on the height that water falls and the volume of water flow. Larger dams and rivers with greater water flow can produce more hydropower.
Dam Break Analysis of Idukki Dam using HEC RASIRJET Journal
This document presents a case study of dam break analysis of Idukki Arch Dam in Kerala, India using HEC-RAS software. Idukki reservoir consists of three dams - Idukki dam, Cheruthoni dam and Kulamavu dam. The study aims to model the flood wave produced by a potential dam breach scenario and map the downstream inundation areas. HEC-RAS is used to simulate the unsteady flow and dynamic nature of the flood wave resulting from a dam breach. Key inputs to the HEC-RAS model include breach parameters, reservoir characteristics, cross sectional geometry, and Manning's roughness coefficients. The results can help develop emergency response plans to mitigate loss of
This document provides an overview of hydro power plant components and types. It discusses the three types of power houses: surface, semi-underground, and underground. Surface power houses have components on the surface but are limited by topography. Semi-underground power houses combine advantages of surface and underground. Underground power houses are located entirely inside mountains with access tunnels. The document also summarizes the main components of hydro power stations including dams/barrages, water conductor systems, and power houses as well as different types of hydro power projects.
The document provides information on different types of dams including their structures, classifications, and examples. It discusses:
1) The main types of dams are gravity dams, buttress dams, arch dams, and earth dams. Gravity dams resist water pressure through sheer weight while buttress dams use supports and arch dams curve to transmit water pressure.
2) Dams can be classified based on their functions such as storage dams, diversion dams, detention dams, debris dams, and coffer dams which are temporary structures used in construction.
3) Examples of different dams are provided along with their key details like location, height, purpose, and capacity. The Bhakra dam on the Satluj river in India
This document provides information on hydro power stations, including their schematic arrangement, classification, advantages and disadvantages, site selection criteria, and environmental impacts. It discusses the key components of a hydro power plant such as the catchment area, dam, reservoir, penstocks, valves, turbines, generators, and draft tubes. It also lists the largest hydro power producers in the world and provides examples of major hydro power projects in India along with career opportunities in the hydro power sector.
Dam - Classification based on structureAbhijit Pal
A dam is a structure built across a river or stream to retain water. Dams have several purposes including water supply, flood control, irrigation, hydroelectric power generation, navigation, and recreation. Dams are classified based on their structure as arch dams, gravity dams, buttress dams, or embankment dams. While dams provide many benefits, they can also fail due to construction or geological issues, causing downstream flooding. Dams also have disadvantages like displacing communities and damaging natural environments.
This seminar presentation discusses rainwater harvesting. It defines rainwater harvesting as collecting and storing rainwater from rooftops and other catchment areas for future use. The document outlines why rainwater harvesting is needed due to issues like inadequate surface water and declining groundwater levels from urbanization. It describes different rainwater harvesting techniques like rooftop and surface runoff collection and discusses the components, uses, advantages and disadvantages of rainwater harvesting. The conclusion emphasizes that rainwater harvesting is one of the best ways to solve water scarcity issues and provides environmental and economic benefits when implemented on a large scale.
Reservoir capacity, Reservoir sedimentation and controldeep shah
This document discusses reservoir capacity, sedimentation, and control of sedimentation. It defines a reservoir as an area developed by dam construction. Reservoir capacity depends on inflow and demand, and can be determined using graphical or analytical methods. Sediment carried by rivers is deposited in reservoirs, reducing capacity over time. Sediment includes suspended and bed loads. Causes of sedimentation are soil/vegetation in the catchment area and rainfall intensity. Control methods include selecting sites carefully, check dams, vegetation screens, and removing deposited sediment.
This document discusses river training techniques using permeable structures called porcupines. Porcupines are cost-effective RCC structures constructed by joining six members together to form a tetrahedral frame. They are used as spurs, dampeners or screens to redirect river flow, dissipate energy, and induce sediment deposition for bank protection. Porcupines have been successfully used in major Indian rivers like Brahmaputra and Ganga.
Summer internship Project on Sangam barrage working procedure,PANEM SRINIVASULU
I have completed my summer internship course in sangam which is located in nellore district ,new barrage is proposed due to old one is aged,every year needs to replace sand bags to rise the water level.
The Neelum Jehlum Hydropower Project is located in Pakistan and involves constructing a 160m long, 60m high composite dam on the Neelum River. This will divert water through a 48km headrace tunnel to a power station with 4 units capable of producing 969MW of electricity. The project aims to generate over 5 billion units of electricity annually and has an estimated cost of 274.882 billion Pakistani rupees. It involves various construction elements like intake structures, tunnels, surge chambers, and penstocks to harness the 420m hydraulic head for hydroelectric power generation.
This document provides an overview of spillways and flood control works for dams. It discusses the key components and design considerations for spillways, including approach channels, control structures, discharge carriers, terminal structures, and energy dissipaters. It describes different types of spillways like overflow, trough, siphon, and side channel spillways. Design aspects for spillway crest gates like radial and drum gates are covered. The document also discusses intake and outlet works for reservoirs, including their components and functions.
Earthquake is a violent tremor in the earth’s crust, sending out a series of shock waves in all directions from its place of origin or epicenter.
Earthquakes constitute one of the worst natural hazards which often turn into disaster causing widespread destruction and loss to human life.
So we have to take data from the historical hazardous and effect , magnitude of earthquake vibration generated from epicenter.
The Nagarjuna Sagar Dam is the world's largest masonry dam, located on the Krishna River between the states of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh in India. Constructed between 1955 and 1967, the dam created a massive reservoir with a capacity of over 11 trillion cubic meters. Measuring 490 feet tall and 1.6 km long, the dam provides irrigation water and hydroelectric power to several districts. There is potential to further utilize the dam's unused storage capacity below the canal level by installing water pumps to access over 150 trillion cubic liters of additional storage space.
The document provides a report on field visits conducted to various irrigation projects in Nepal, including the Bagmati Irrigation Project, Khageri Irrigation Project, Narayani Lift Irrigation Project, and Gandak Barrage. Key details about each project are given such as location, command area, water sources, construction costs, and components from headworks to canal outlets. Observations from the field visits note the type of diversion structures, river training works, regulating structures, and issues around water losses and sedimentation. The projects play an important role in agriculture and the economy by facilitating irrigation over large command areas.
Spillway crest gates are adjustable gates used to control water flow in reservoir and river systems. They act as barriers to store additional water, allowing the height of dams to be increased and requiring more land acquisition. The main types of spillway gates are dripping shutters, stop logs, radial/tainter gates, drum gates, and vertical lift/rectangle gates. Vertical lift gates are rectangular gates that spin horizontally between grooved piers and can be raised or lowered by a hoisting mechanism to control water flow.
The industrial visit was a two day trip to the Nagarjuna Sagar Hydro Power Plant. 28 students and 3 faculty members from the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering participated in the visit. The main purposes of the visit were to see the real time operations of the hydro power plant, understand how the turbine works to generate power, and how water flows to the turbine. Key aspects of the plant included the dam, power generation units with a total capacity of 815.6 MW, and the canals that provide irrigation water to local districts. The students gained valuable practical knowledge about hydroelectric power generation during the visit.
The document discusses the design and construction of concrete gravity dams. It begins with an introduction of dams and their purposes, then discusses site selection factors, design considerations, foundation investigations, construction procedures, and challenges in construction. The key points are that concrete gravity dams are designed so their own weight resists external forces, and their construction involves dewatering the river, building a cofferdam, removing loose materials, and placing concrete in lifts while controlling the temperature to prevent cracking.
The document discusses dams, including their history, types, parts, failures, and site selection criteria. Dams are constructed across rivers and streams to store water for uses like electricity, irrigation, flood control, and fisheries. The earliest known dams date to 3000 BC in Jordan and the 2nd century in India. Dams are typically classified as concrete (e.g. gravity, buttress, arch), earth/embankment (e.g. earthfill, rockfill), or composite. Critical factors in dam site selection include stable geologic conditions, adequate water flow, and minimizing human displacement. Geological investigations evaluate factors like rock strength, drainage, seismic activity, and environmental hazards. Dams provide important benefits but must
This document discusses different types of dams and provides examples of famous dams in India. It defines a dam as a structure built across a river to store water for various purposes. The main purposes of dams are to store water, enable irrigation, control floods and droughts, generate hydropower, enable navigation, and develop fisheries. The document describes the typical structure of a dam and categorizes dams into four main types - gravity dams, buttress dams, arch dams, and earth dams - explaining the defining characteristics of each type. It provides details on the Bhakra Dam in Himachal Pradesh as an example of a gravity dam and lists some other famous dams across India such as the Tehri Dam, Hirakud
The document discusses hydropower, which is a renewable energy source that harnesses the kinetic energy of moving water. Hydropower has been used for thousands of years to grind grain and generate electricity. Modern hydropower plants capture the potential energy of dammed water and convert it to electrical energy using turbines connected to generators. The amount of power generated depends on the height that water falls and the volume of water flow. Larger dams and rivers with greater water flow can produce more hydropower.
Dam Break Analysis of Idukki Dam using HEC RASIRJET Journal
This document presents a case study of dam break analysis of Idukki Arch Dam in Kerala, India using HEC-RAS software. Idukki reservoir consists of three dams - Idukki dam, Cheruthoni dam and Kulamavu dam. The study aims to model the flood wave produced by a potential dam breach scenario and map the downstream inundation areas. HEC-RAS is used to simulate the unsteady flow and dynamic nature of the flood wave resulting from a dam breach. Key inputs to the HEC-RAS model include breach parameters, reservoir characteristics, cross sectional geometry, and Manning's roughness coefficients. The results can help develop emergency response plans to mitigate loss of
This document provides an overview of hydro power plant components and types. It discusses the three types of power houses: surface, semi-underground, and underground. Surface power houses have components on the surface but are limited by topography. Semi-underground power houses combine advantages of surface and underground. Underground power houses are located entirely inside mountains with access tunnels. The document also summarizes the main components of hydro power stations including dams/barrages, water conductor systems, and power houses as well as different types of hydro power projects.
The document provides information on different types of dams including their structures, classifications, and examples. It discusses:
1) The main types of dams are gravity dams, buttress dams, arch dams, and earth dams. Gravity dams resist water pressure through sheer weight while buttress dams use supports and arch dams curve to transmit water pressure.
2) Dams can be classified based on their functions such as storage dams, diversion dams, detention dams, debris dams, and coffer dams which are temporary structures used in construction.
3) Examples of different dams are provided along with their key details like location, height, purpose, and capacity. The Bhakra dam on the Satluj river in India
This document provides information on hydro power stations, including their schematic arrangement, classification, advantages and disadvantages, site selection criteria, and environmental impacts. It discusses the key components of a hydro power plant such as the catchment area, dam, reservoir, penstocks, valves, turbines, generators, and draft tubes. It also lists the largest hydro power producers in the world and provides examples of major hydro power projects in India along with career opportunities in the hydro power sector.
Dam - Classification based on structureAbhijit Pal
A dam is a structure built across a river or stream to retain water. Dams have several purposes including water supply, flood control, irrigation, hydroelectric power generation, navigation, and recreation. Dams are classified based on their structure as arch dams, gravity dams, buttress dams, or embankment dams. While dams provide many benefits, they can also fail due to construction or geological issues, causing downstream flooding. Dams also have disadvantages like displacing communities and damaging natural environments.
This seminar presentation discusses rainwater harvesting. It defines rainwater harvesting as collecting and storing rainwater from rooftops and other catchment areas for future use. The document outlines why rainwater harvesting is needed due to issues like inadequate surface water and declining groundwater levels from urbanization. It describes different rainwater harvesting techniques like rooftop and surface runoff collection and discusses the components, uses, advantages and disadvantages of rainwater harvesting. The conclusion emphasizes that rainwater harvesting is one of the best ways to solve water scarcity issues and provides environmental and economic benefits when implemented on a large scale.
Reservoir capacity, Reservoir sedimentation and controldeep shah
This document discusses reservoir capacity, sedimentation, and control of sedimentation. It defines a reservoir as an area developed by dam construction. Reservoir capacity depends on inflow and demand, and can be determined using graphical or analytical methods. Sediment carried by rivers is deposited in reservoirs, reducing capacity over time. Sediment includes suspended and bed loads. Causes of sedimentation are soil/vegetation in the catchment area and rainfall intensity. Control methods include selecting sites carefully, check dams, vegetation screens, and removing deposited sediment.
This document discusses river training techniques using permeable structures called porcupines. Porcupines are cost-effective RCC structures constructed by joining six members together to form a tetrahedral frame. They are used as spurs, dampeners or screens to redirect river flow, dissipate energy, and induce sediment deposition for bank protection. Porcupines have been successfully used in major Indian rivers like Brahmaputra and Ganga.
Summer internship Project on Sangam barrage working procedure,PANEM SRINIVASULU
I have completed my summer internship course in sangam which is located in nellore district ,new barrage is proposed due to old one is aged,every year needs to replace sand bags to rise the water level.
The Neelum Jehlum Hydropower Project is located in Pakistan and involves constructing a 160m long, 60m high composite dam on the Neelum River. This will divert water through a 48km headrace tunnel to a power station with 4 units capable of producing 969MW of electricity. The project aims to generate over 5 billion units of electricity annually and has an estimated cost of 274.882 billion Pakistani rupees. It involves various construction elements like intake structures, tunnels, surge chambers, and penstocks to harness the 420m hydraulic head for hydroelectric power generation.
The document summarizes key details about the Indira Sagar Dam project in Madhya Pradesh, India. The dam is a multipurpose project located on the Narmada River that provides 1000 MW of power generation and irrigation of 2.7 lakh hectares of land. It involves the construction of a 653 meter long, 92 meter high concrete gravity dam and has created a reservoir with storage capacity of 12.22 billion cubic meters, the largest in India. The project required rehabilitation of 39,179 families and submerged an area of 91348 hectares.
This document provides a summary of a minor project report on hydro power. It discusses the history and types of hydro power plants. It describes the basic components and working of hydro power plants including dams, water reservoirs, turbines and generators. It presents a case study of the Hirakund Dam located in India, describing its structure, power generation and key features. It also lists some advantages like no fuel requirement and disadvantages like high capital costs and environmental disruption.
The document provides information about hydro power, including its history, types of hydro power plants, components and working, and case study of Hirakund Dam in India. Some key points:
1) Hydropower harnesses the kinetic energy of flowing water and is considered renewable as water sources are replenished.
2) Types of hydro power plants include run-of-river, reservoir, and classifications based on head of water and load.
3) Hirakund Dam is the longest earthen dam in the world located in India. It displaced over 22,000 families but provides irrigation and nearly 300MW of power.
The document summarizes hydroelectric power, including its history, types, components, working principles, and the case study of the Hirakund Dam in India. Hydropower harnesses the kinetic energy of flowing water to generate electricity. It has been used for over 2000 years and provides renewable, large-scale power. The document describes various types of hydro plants and components like dams, reservoirs, turbines and generators. It also discusses advantages like no emissions but disadvantages like ecosystem disruption.
The document provides details about the proposed permanent restoration of the Annamayya Project in Annamayya District, Andhra Pradesh. The original earthen dam was eroded during the Jawad Cyclone in November 2021. The proposed restoration includes constructing a new 336m long non-overflow concrete dam with an additional 184.75m long spillway to increase the discharge capacity to 3,80,000 cusecs. The project is required to restore irrigation for an ayacut of 10,236 acres and drinking water supply. A line estimate of Rs. 801 crore has been submitted to the government for approval to commence the restoration work.
The document discusses the Nauseri area (C1) of the Neelum Jhelum Hydroelectric Project in Azad Jammu & Kashmir. It describes the geology and stratigraphy of the area which includes the Punajal and Murree formations separated by the Main Boundary Thrust fault. It outlines the composite dam and tunneling features in C1, including the use of drill and blast tunneling methods. Curtain grouting is also discussed as a method used to prevent seepage in the debris flow channel near the dam.
The document provides information about hydroelectric power plants and dams. It discusses how hydroelectric power works by converting the potential and kinetic energy of water into electricity. It also outlines the basic components of hydroelectric plants including reservoirs, dams, turbines, and powerhouses. Several examples of large hydroelectric plants and dams from around the world are mentioned like Hoover Dam, Three Gorges Dam, and Itaipu Dam. Key statistics about the world's largest hydroelectric plants by capacity, storage, and height are also summarized in tables.
This document provides an overview of hydropower, including its definition, classification, advantages, and disadvantages. Hydropower harnesses the kinetic energy of flowing water and is one of the oldest and most widely used renewable energy sources, currently providing around 22% of global electricity. It is classified based on factors such as capacity, head type, purpose, facility type, hydrological relation, and transmission system. Some major hydropower plants discussed include Tehri Dam, Koyna Hydroelectric Project, Srisailam Dam, and Nathpa Jhakri Dam. The advantages of hydropower are its renewable nature, low emissions, and ability to provide baseload power. Disadvantages include the high
The document summarizes information about the Tarbela Dam located in Pakistan. It is the largest earth rock filled dam in the world and the second largest dam by reservoir capacity. Construction began in 1968 but was not completed until 1984 due to delays from sinkholes appearing in the reservoir bed. Key features of the dam include its 143m height and 2,743m length. Benefits include hydroelectric power generation and irrigation water supply. The dam's useful lifespan was estimated to be 50 years but is now expected to be 85 years due to lower than predicted sedimentation.
The document summarizes information about the Tarbela Dam located in Pakistan. It is the largest earth rock filled dam in the world and the second largest dam by reservoir capacity. Construction began in 1968 but was not completed until 1984 due to delays from sinkholes appearing in the reservoir bed. Key features of the dam include its 143m height and 2.7km length. Benefits include hydroelectric power generation and irrigation water supply. The dam's useful lifespan was estimated at 50 years but is now expected to be 85 years due to lower than predicted sedimentation.
The document provides information about Chichoki Power Plant located in Punjab, Pakistan. It was constructed in 1959 as a run-of-the-river hydroelectric plant with an installed capacity of 13.2 MW from three generating units. The plant harnesses the kinetic energy of water flowing through Upper Chenab Canal via three Kaplan turbines connected to generators. It has played an important role in power generation and controlling waterlogging and salinity in the area by enabling installation of tube wells. Annual generation from the plant has varied between 20-70 million kWh based on water availability.
IVRCL Limited (www.ivrcl.com), founded over 25 years ago in India, is a leading EPC and Infrastucture public limited company listed on the Bombay and National Stock Exchanges of India.
IVRCL is the largest water company in India and we take pride in building & owning India’s 1st and largest desalination plant at Minjur (near Chennai) with capacity of 100MLD.
IVRCL is present across the length and breath of India with its major offices in metro cities such as New Delhi(NCR-National Capital Region), Mumbai, Chennai,Kolkata, Hyderbad, Pune, Bangalore, Ahmedabad and Guwahati. They have also made our global footprints with operations in Sri Lanka and Africa.
IVRCl is a diversified group and its core areas of work include Value Chain across sectors such as:
Water & Environment
Irrigation
Transportation
Power Distribution & Transmission
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1. NEELAM SANJEEV REDDY
SAGAR SRISAILAM PROJECT
Presented By:
K. Anil Venkata Nag, AEE
L. V. V. A. Hari Prasad, AEE
APHRDI, RC, Vishakhapatnam
2. OUTLINE
LOCATION & OBJECTIVE
COFFER DAM & DIVERSION CONSTRUCTIONS
DAM FOUNDATION & SPILLWAY
RIGHT BANK POWER HOUSE CONSTRUCTION
RADIAL CREST GATES CONSTRUCTION
CONTRACT MANAGEMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE AND SOCIAL IMPACT
ASSESSMENT
RECONSTRUCTION AND REHABILITATION (R&R)
AREA OF IRRIGATION & IRRIGATION SCHEMES PROPOSED
DRINKING WATER TO TOWNS AND VILLAGES
3. OUTLINE
9. MECHANICAL WORKS AND INSTALLATIONS
10. HYDROLOGY AND RAINFALL
11. STRUCTURES
12. HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER
13. REGULATION OF FLOODS IN DAM IN OCTOBER 2009
14. INTERLINKING OF RIVERS, BASINS AND SUB BASINS
15. SEDIMENTATION
16. TRIBUNAL AWARDS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
4. Location
Srisailam Dam is located in a deep gorge in Nallamala Hills across
Krishna River b/w Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh and
Mahabubnagar district of Telangana near Srisailam Town.
GPS coordinates 16°05′13″N and 78°53′50″E
300 m (980 ft) above sea level in a beautiful Environment
6. Environmental Clearance & Social Impact
Assesement
• The 142-metre-high Srisailam dam submerged vast area
displacing 100,000 people in 86 villages of Kurnool and
Mahbubnagar districts
•
• The Government paid Rs 41 crore as compensation to the
affected villagers
• Land Acquired: 87,000 acres
• (GO Ms No. 98 & GO Ms No. 68) Sanctioning Monetary
compensation, besides a government job for one member
in each family displaced
7. Reconstruction & Rehabilitation
• Two-week-long evacuation programme.
• People moved 10 to 15 km away from homes, in
Tractors, Lorries and Bullock Carts.
• "It was an Unpleasant, Heart - Rending and Thankless job,"
said K. Krishnamoorthy, an Executive Engineer in charge of
the Evacuation
• To Ensure villagers not to return, Irrigation Canals in
villages destroyed.
10. CONSTRUCTION
• The Srisailam project began in 1960, as a Power
project. After several delays, the Main Dam completed
20 years later in 1980 July 26.
• By Second stage completion in 1987 the project converted
to multipurpose facility with generation of 770 Megawatts
(1,030,000 hp)
• The 2nd Largest Capacity Working Hydroelectric station
in the country
11. Hon’ble Prime minister Sri Jawaharlal Nehru laying
Foundation Stone for Srisailam Dam on July 24th 1963
14. DIVERSION STRUCTURES
• Diversion Channel:
Bed width : 15.24 m (50 ft)
Length : 594.36 m (1950 ft)
Upstream Discharge : 283.0 cumecs
Water Level at EL.174.80 m : 10,000 (cusecs)
Bed Level : EL 167.64 m (EL. 550ft)
• Diversion Tunnel :
• 9.14 m (30 ft) Dia circular lined Length : 686 (2250 ft)
• Invert Level at Entrance : EL. 161.54 m (530 ft)
• Upstream Discharge : 566.4 cumecs
• Water Level at EL. 176.11 m (EL.577.80 ft) : 20,000 cusecs
25. • The Initial modest estimate of ₹384.7 million for a
Power Project
• The total cost of Multipurpose Project estimated to
cross ₹10 billion in enlarged form.
• The Dam cost ₹4.04 billion together with installation of 4
generating sets of 110 MW each.
• The Right Bank Branch Canal estimated to cost ₹4.49
billion
CONTRACT MANAGEMENT
26. CONTRACT MANAGEMENT
• The initial investment of ₹1.4 billion has been provided by
the World Bank.
• The Projected Cost - Benefit Ratio of the project worked
out at 1:1.91 at 10% interest on Capital Outlay.
• Prasad & Co contributed to the construction of Srisailam
Dam
27. Area of Irrigation
• The Dam provides water for 2,000 square kilometres (770 sq mi)
• Right Bank Branch Canal Irrigates790 square kilometres (310 sq
mi) in Kurnool & Kadapa districts
• Srisailam Right Main canal feeds water to
• K. C. Canal
• Srisailam Right Bank Canal
• Telugu Ganga Canal
• Galeru Nagari Canal
Irrigating vast area in Kurnool, Kadapa, Chittoor and
Nellore districts
28. SRISAILAM RIGHT MAIN CANAL (SRMC): AREA OF IRRIGATION
• At Banakacherla, a Cross Regulator complex constructed
From there SRMC branches into 3 canals.
1. The right side canal taking off to SRBC scheme, capacity of 5,000
Cusecs,
2. Left Canal taking off to feed the TGP
3. The middle escape channel to feed K. C. Canal.
• Veligonda Reservoir receives water by gravity through tunnels in
Nellore, Kadapa and Prakasam districts.
• Kalwakurthy Lift Irrigation scheme draws water from Srisailam
Reservoir in Mahbubnagar and Nalgonda Districts
• Srisailam Left Bank Canal (SLBC) receives water by gravity
through tunnels in Nalgonda district
29. DRINKING WATER
• Sraialam Right Main Canal supplies water to Telugu
Ganga Project (TGP)
• TGP supplies Krishna river water to Chennai city for
drinking purpose
• Handri-Neeva Lift Canal draws water from
• Srisailam Reservoir, supplies Drinking water to all
districts of Rayalaseema
30. States Benefited
Due to Its location between the two states of Andhra Pradesh
and Telangana got benefited by the project and Chennai.
Andhra Pradesh
Telangana
31. HYDROLOGY & RAINFALL
Reservoir : Srisailam
Catchment Area :
2, 03,597 Sq. K.M
(79,530 Sq. Miles)
Max. Flood discharge : 30,316 Cumecs
Live Storage : 247.79 TMC Ft.
Gross Storage : 308.06 TMC Ft.
Dead Storage : 60.3 TMC Ft. (2122
MCM) at 805 Ft.
Generation per TMC : 5.5 MUS
Design Head :
91 M (Turbine Mode)
& 95 M (Pump Mode)
32. HYDROLOGY & RAINFALL
Max. Gross head :
375 Ft. (114.3 M) Turbine
Mode
Design Net Head : 82.8 M(153 MW)
Net Head Max/Min :
107.1 M (176 MW) /65.3 M
(106 MW)
(Turbine Mode)
Full Reservoir level (FRL): : 885 Ft. (269.75 M)
Min. Draw down Level
(MDDL):
: 805 Ft. (245.37 M)
Tail Race water level for Max.
Discharge:
: 590 Ft
Mean Annual Rainfall :
Maximum : 1016 mm (40
inches)
Minimum : 635 mm (25
inches)
33. STRUCTURES
1. Reservoir:
• Maximum water level (MWL) : EL 271.88 m (EL. 892 ft)
• Full Reservoir Level (FRL) : EL. 269.75 m (EL.885 ft.)
• Gross Storage : 6110.9070 cubic meters
• Capacity at F.R.L : (215.8070 TMC)
• Water Spread Area : 541.90 sq. km at F.R.L
: 209 sq. Miles)
• MDDL (for IRR) : 854.00 (260.30 M)
Storage capacity : 89.29 TMC (2528.396 Cums)
• MDDL (for Power) : 834.00 (254.20 m)
Storage capacity : 53.851 TMC(1524.871 Cums)
• Crest level : 830.00 (252.98 M)
Storage capacity : 49.49. TMC(1401.387 Cums)
34. STRUCTURES
2. Dam : Gravity Dam with
Top elevation EL 275.54 m
Height above the deepest Foundation level 470 ft
Total Length of Dam is 512 m (1680 ft)
3. Spillway: Ogee
• Maximum Discharging Capacity Over Crest : 37,356 cumecs
(13, 20,00 Cuses)
• Number of Spill Way Gates : 12 Nos
Size : 18.3 m x 16.7 m (60’ x 55’)
• Number of River Sluices : 2 Nos
Size : 3.65m x 9.14 m (12 ft x 30 ft )
35. • Power Station
Turbines 6 × 150 MW (200,000 hp)
Reversible Francis - Type (Left Bank)
Turbines 7 × 110 MW (150,000 hp)
Francis Type (Right Bank)
• Installed Capacity 1,670 MW (2,240,000 hp)
• Each gate contains 19.25 mt radius. C/s dimensions of
the gate is 55 ft x 65 ft.
• Total amount of steel used in gates is 220 tons.
• The rope capacity is 180 tons.
MECHANICAL WORKS AND INSTALLATIONS
37. TURBINES
a) Type: Vertical Shaft, Francis Reversing
b) Make: M/s. Hitachi, Japan
c) Net Head Max. /Min: 107.1 M /65.3 M
d) Design Net Head: 82.8 M
e) Rated Output: 153 MW
f) Output Max./ Min : 176 MW / 106 MW
g) Normal Speed: 136.4 RPM
h) Runway speed: 231 RPM
i) Disc. Through Machine: 6467 Cusecs (183.1 Cumecs)
• 1 TMC of water we can generate 606 million watts of power.
• 10,000 acres of land can be Irrigated by 1 TMC of water.
38. HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER
• Tail pond dam /weir located 14 km downstream of
Srisailam dam under advanced stage of construction
• To hold the water released by the hydro turbines and later
pump back into Srisailam reservoir by operating turbines
in pump mode.
• The weir portion breached in November 2015 unable to
withstand normal water release from the hydro power
stations.
39. HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER
• Tail pond weir completed during the year 2017
and pumping mode operation is being done even
the D/s Nagarjuna Sagar reservoir water level is
below 531.5 feet (162 m) MSL.
• The tail pond has nearly 1 TMC live storage
capacity.
• Power supplies were maintained by APGENCO
by using 2 power stations (Left bank and Right
Bank) and transmitted through AP TRANSCO.
40. INTERLINKING OF RIVERS, BASINS AND SUB BASINS
Srisailam-Pennar Link Proposal
• Second link to join Krishna with Pennar transfers of 2,310
Mcum of water.
• In this link, no enroute irrigation is proposed.
• Four mini hydel schemes proposed in enroute reaches for
utilizing the natural falls of the streams with total installed
capacity of 17 MW power.
• The water diverted to Pennar river through the link Picked up
at Somasila along with that diverted through Nagarjunasagar-
Somasila link for further southward diversion river Pennar.
41. INTERLINKING OF RIVERS, BASINS AND SUB BASINS
Srisailam-Pennar Link Proposal
• The total length of link canal from Srisailam reservoir to its
confluence with Pennar is about 204 km.
• NWDA has completed the feasibility study of the proposal.
The existing infrastructure of Srisailam canal system viz. A.
Approach Channel
Head Regulator at Pothireddypadu,
Srisailam right main canal and
cross Regulator at Banakacherla
used for diverting the water
42. Srisailam-Pennar Link Proposal
• The water from the Central escape of the Banakacherla cross
regulator will be let into the natural streams viz. Nippulavagu, Galeru
and Kunderu, till it reaches the Pennar river at Adinimmayapalli
anicut.
• The link canal is proposed to be operated for a period of 184 days
and is designed for a discharge of 145 cumec.
• Environmental Issue: NO
No new area will come under submergence due to this canal project
as the existing Srisailam reservoir is used in this link proposal.
44. TRIBUNAL AWARDS
The KWDT in 1973 has allocated 800 TMC (75%
dependable flows) of Krishna waters to AP State.
Under this award, The state is entitled to make any
adjustments and re-allocations within the allotment made
specially to the state and also entitled to utilize 11 TMC of
Regenerated Water as its share to irrigate 1,90,000 Acres
of Nandyal, Banaganapalli, Koilkuntla Taluks of Kurnool
Dist. and Jammalmadugu taluk of Kadapa District.
45. Regulation of the flood in October 2009 at the
Srisailam project in India
• Unprecedented rainfall received during September
29th to 2nd October, 2009.
• Rainfall ranged from 344mm to 560 mm.
• Bulk of rainfall occurred below the major storage
reservoirs of upper riparian States with no scope for
flood moderation.
• Unprecedented floods occurred between 2.10.2009
to 6.10.2009 and inflow of 25.50 lakh cusec (72,207
cumec) on 2.10.2009 occurred
46. REGULATION OF FLOOD IN OCTOBER 2009 @
SRISAILAM PROJECT IN INDIA
• Earlier recorded highest flow of 10.60 lakh cusec
(30,015 cumec) occurred on 7.10.1903
• Design flood of the dam is 19.55 lakh cusec
(55,359 cumec)
• Max Water Level recorded: + 896.50 feet (273.253
m)
• Max discharge through spillway: 14, 80,400
cusec (41,920 cumec)
• Duration of high flood : Nearly 78 hours
47. Regulation of the flood in October 2009 at
the Srisailam project in India
• End gates in vents 1 and 12 were also opened
• Successful routing of more than 600 TMC (16,990 MCM)
of flood over 600 kilometers of river length
• Earlier, high floods had occurred during 1998 and right
side powerhouse inundated under the tail water of the
dam due to opening of 12th gate.
• Sudden surge in inflows was a result of record rainfall in
the un-intercepted catchment area downstream of
Tungabhadra dam and Jurala project
48. After Floods in dam, 2009
• Srisailam tilted about 8.8 mm during the flood in 2009 for
some days and then it came back to thre original.
• Srisailam dam was subjected to an uplift of 170t/m3 which
is more the designed uplift pressure of 143t/m3.
• The main reason for this is good quality of Construction.
• For 25 years before 2009 the first gate was not operated, if
they were operated the flanks get destroyed.
49. SEDIMENTATION
• Reservoir Sedimentation Is Filling of Reservoir
Behind Dam with Sediment Carried Into Reservoir
by Streams.
• The flow of water from the catchment upstream of a
reservoir is capable of eroding the catchment area
• Depositing material either upstream of Reservoir, or
in still water of Reservoir.
50. According to a survey during the year 2012 across 122
Reservoirs in India, 0.44% of Reservoir Storage being
covered with deposition of sediment every year.
In Srisailam reservoir in Andhra Pradesh which was
commissioned in 1976, the storage capacity is now
Reduced to 79.5% of it’s original storage in a span of 35
years.
51. BIBLIOGRAPHY
1) Srisailam dam, Wikipedia.
2) http://www.prasadandco.com/Irrigation.php#Srisailam
3) Regulation of floods in 2009 at NSRS Srisailam Project in Andhra
Pradesh State in India
4) Managing Historic flood Krishna River Basin – An experience of
Averting Catastrophe – APWRDC - 2009
5) https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19810731-
srisailam-dam-across-krishna-river-displaces-nearly-100000-
people-in-andhra-pradesh-773077-2013-11-16
6) https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/35-years-on-
compensation- eludes-Srisailam-dam -evacuees/articleshow/47169791.cms
7) https://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Summary_of_Link_Proposal
Hon’ble Prime minister Sri Jawaharlal Nehru laying Foundation stone for srisailam dam on July 24th 1963
Gap was closed by jan 1966
u/s coffer dam in to 9 components
30,000 cuseccs of flow direction has to be changed
Right side Diversion Tunnel has been constructed to divert the flow direction for 20,000 cusecs
Left side Diversion channel has been constructed to divert the flow direction for 10,000 cusecs
There was a necessity to construct coffer dams on upstream and downstream sides
D/s coffer dam planned for height of 550 ft but went for 575 Ft
Cement and sand are mixedunder pressure with speed of 1500 rpm to pour 50 bags in one hour called colgrout
Fondation of dam started in 1966 October
Deep foundation is 429 mts.
Earthern dams were used but getaway with heavy floods, concreting was done using ropeway cable from 4 to 15 blocks
There were 22 blocks, height of each block 74 ft, b/w each block copper seal joints were used
Foundation completed in 1984, the same year spillway started
830 ft spillway started
Javaris are the name of labour displacing the stones in consolidation grouting process of Foundation laying
SR PH is 45 inclined and water pressure more at that location, concrete cnnot be used. Steel plate penstock ferrules were used which was nationalised by Indira Gandhi in 1982. first four units of SRPH with temple entrance
Due to Its location between the two states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana got benefited by the project
Reservoir : Srisailam
Catchment Area : 2, 03,597 Sq. K.M
(79,530 Sq. Miles)
Max. Flood discharge : 30,316 Cumecs
Live Storage : 247.79 TMC Ft.
Gross Storage : 308.06 TMC Ft. (Between
FRL: 885 Ft. And MDDL: 805
Ft)
Dead Storage : 60.3 TMC Ft. (2122 MCM) at
805 Ft.
Generation per TMC : 5.5 MUS
Reservoir : Srisailam
Catchment Area : 2, 03,597 Sq. K.M
(79,530 Sq. Miles)
Max. Flood discharge : 30,316 Cumecs
Live Storage : 247.79 TMC Ft.
Gross Storage : 308.06 TMC Ft. (Between
FRL: 885 Ft. And MDDL: 805
Ft)
Dead Storage : 60.3 TMC Ft. (2122 MCM) at
805 Ft.
Generation per TMC : 5.5 MUS
Second link to join Krishna with Pennar and envisages transfer of 2,310 Mcum of water.
The link does not envisage construction of any dam or reservoir. The water will be diverted from the existing Srisailam reservoir and let into Pennar river mostly through natural streams.
The Foundation depth of Srisailam Dam is 84 Ft/ 24 m and 3 foundation galleries are there at a depth of 24 M. The foundation of Srisailam dam was soft strata (shale). Srisailam Left Bank Main canal has a tunnel of nearly 40 Km .