Weak & strong forms

Weak & strong forms

• 1.
  Weak & Strong Forms
• 2.
  we saw stressedand unstressed syllables in individual words
• 3.
  something similar happensin complete sentences
• 4.
  Where are youfrom?
• 5.
  Where are youfrom? I’m from London.
• 6.
  Where are youfrom? I’m from London.
• 7.
  Where are youfrom? I’m from London.
• 8.
  Where are youfrom? I’m from London.
• 9.
  Where are youfrom? I’m from London. ɒ ə
• 10.
  Are they fromItaly?
• 11.
  Yes, they are. Arethey from Italy?
• 12.
  Yes, they are. Arethey from Italy?
• 13.
  Yes, they are. Arethey from Italy?
• 14.
  Yes, they are. Arethey from Italy?
• 15.
  Yes, they are. Arethey from Italy? ɑː ə
• 16.
  some words havetwo pronunciations
• 17.
  a weak form from/ frəm / are / ə /
• 18.
  and a strongform from / frɒm / are / ɑː /
• 19.
  the weak formis the usual pronunciation
• 20.
  the weak formis the usual pronunciation it’s used when the word is unstressed
• 21.
  the strong formis used only when the word is stressed
• 22.
  the strong formis used only when the word is stressed eg. when it’s the last word
• 23.
  the vowel issimplified (in most cases) to ə or ɪ
• 24.
  which words haveweak and strong forms?
• 25.
  prepositions
• 26.
  prepositions auxiliary verbs
• 27.
  prepositions auxiliary verbs modal verbs
• 28.
  prepositions auxiliary verbs modal verbs pronouns
• 29.
  prepositions auxiliary verbs modal verbs pronouns possessiveadjectives
• 30.
  prepositions auxiliary verbs modal verbs pronouns possessiveadjectives possessive pronouns
• 31.
  prepositions auxiliary verbs modal verbs pronouns possessiveadjectives possessive pronouns conjunctions
• 32.
  prepositions auxiliary verbs modal verbs pronouns possessiveadjectives possessive pronouns conjunctions articles
• 33.
  prepositions auxiliary verbs modal verbs pronouns possessiveadjectives possessive pronouns conjunctions articles
• 34.
  prepositions auxiliary verbs modal verbs pronouns possessiveadjectives possessive pronouns conjunctions articles
• 35.
  which words onlyhave strong forms?
• 36.
  nouns
• 37.
  nouns main verbs
• 38.
  nouns main verbs adjectives
• 39.
  nouns main verbs adjectives adverbs
• 40.
  nouns main verbs adjectives adverbs
• 41.
  nouns main verbs adjectives adverbs
• 42.
  prepositions weak formstrong form from frəm frɒm to tə tuː at ət æt in ɪn ɪn on ɒn ɒn
• 43.
  aux. verbs weakform strong form am əm æm are ə ɑː have həv hæv had həd hæd does dəz dʌz
• 44.
  modal verbs weakform strong form can kən kæn will wɪl wɪl would wəd wʊd shall ʃəl ʃæl must məst mʌst
• 45.
  articles weak formstrong form a ə eɪ an ən æn the ðə ðiː
• 46.
  when do weakforms become strong?
• 47.
  1. the end ofthe sentence
• 48.
  Where are youfrom?
• 49.
  Yes, I am.
• 50.
  No, I’m not.
• 51.
  2. negatives
• 52.
  I can speakGerman.
• 53.
  I can speakGerman. ə
• 54.
  I can’t speakGerman.
• 55.
  I can’t speakGerman. ɑː
• 56.
  You aren’t listening.
• 57.
  NB
• 58.
  I’m not listening.
• 59.
  the stress isalways on ‘not’ even when it’s abbreviated
• 60.
  3. auxiliary or modalsubstitutes or includes the main verb
• 61.
  I can’t speakGerman but my friend can.
• 62.
  Do you likeEnglish coffee? No, I don’t.
• 63.
  4. double stress foremphasis
• 64.
  I do likeyour hat!
• 65.
  I didn’t crashmy car!
• 66.
  I didn’t crashmy car. I crashed hers!
• 67.
  look at thispassage from Charles Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities How many weak forms can you find?
• 68.
  It was thebest of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way—in short, the period was so far like the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative degree of comparison only.
• 69.
  It was thebest of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way—in short, the period was so far like the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative degree of comparison only.
• 70.
  ɪt wəs thəbest əf times, ɪt wəs thə worst əf times, ɪt wəs thɪ age əf wisdom, ɪt wəs thɪ age əf foolishness, ɪt wəs thɪ epoch əf belief, ɪt wəs thɪ epoch əf incredulity, ɪt wəs thə season əf Light, ɪt wəs thə season əf Darkness, ɪt wəs thə spring əf hope, ɪt wəs thə winter əf despair, wɪ had everything before əs, wɪ had nothing before əs, wɪ wə all going direct tə Heaven, wɪ wə all going direct thɪ other way—ɪn short, thə period wəs so far like thə present period, thət some əf ɪts noisiest authorities insisted on ɪts being received, fə good ə fə evil, ɪn thə superlative degree əf comparison only.
• 71.
  now find thestressed and unstressed syllables in these words How many have ə or ɪ ?
• 72.
  ɪt wəs thəbest əf times, ɪt wəs thə worst əf times, ɪt wəs thɪ age əf wisdom, ɪt wəs thɪ age əf foolishness, ɪt wəs thɪ epoch əf belief, ɪt wəs thɪ epoch əf incredulity, ɪt wəs thə season əf Light, ɪt wəs thə season əf Darkness, ɪt wəs thə spring əf hope, ɪt wəs thə winter əf despair, wɪ had everything before əs, wɪ had nothing before əs, wɪ wə all going direct tə Heaven, wɪ wə all going direct thɪ other way—ɪn short, thə period wəs so far like thə present period, thət some əf ɪts noisiest authorities insisted on ɪts being received, fə good ə fə evil, ɪn thə superlative degree əf comparison only.
• 73.
  ɪt wəs thəbest əf times, ɪt wəs thə worst əf times, ɪt wəs thɪ age əf wisdom, ɪt wəs thɪ age əf foolishness, ɪt wəs thɪ epoch əf belief, ɪt wəs thɪ epoch əf incredulity, ɪt wəs thə season əf Light, ɪt wəs thə season əf Darkness, ɪt wəs thə spring əf hope, ɪt wəs thə winter əf despair, wɪ had everything before əs, wɪ had nothing before əs, wɪ wə all going direct tə Heaven, wɪ wə all going direct thɪ other way—ɪn short, thə period wəs so far like thə present period, thət some əf ɪts noisiest authorities insisted on ɪts being received, fə good ə fə evil, ɪn thə superlative degree əf comparison only.
• 74.
  ɪt wəs thəbest əf times, ɪt wəs thə worst əf times, ɪt wəs thɪ age əf wisdəm, ɪt wəs thɪ age əf foolɪshnəss, ɪt wəs thɪ epoch əf bɪlief, ɪt wəs thɪ epoch əf ɪncrədulɪtɪ, ɪt wəs thə seasən əf Light, ɪt wəs thə seasən əf Darknəss, ɪt wəs thə spring əf hope, ɪt wəs thə wintər əf dɪspair, wɪ had everɪthɪng bɪfore əs, wɪ had nothɪng bɪfore əs, wɪ wə all goɪng direct tə Heavən, wɪ wə all goɪng direct thɪ othər way—ɪn short, thə perɪəd wəs so far like thə presənt perɪəd, thət some əf ɪts noisɪəst authorɪtɪs ɪnsistɪd on ɪts beɪng rɪceived, fə good ə fə evil, ɪn thə superlətɪve dɪgree əf cəmparɪsən onlɪ.
• 75.
  ɪt wəs thəbest əf times, ɪt wəs thə worst əf times, ɪt wəs thɪ age əf wisdəm, ɪt wəs thɪ age əf foolɪshnəss, ɪt wəs thɪ epoch əf bɪlief, ɪt wəs thɪ epoch əf ɪncrədulɪtɪ, ɪt wəs thə seasən əf Light, ɪt wəs thə seasən əf Darknəss, ɪt wəs thə spring əf hope, ɪt wəs thə wintər əf dɪspair, wɪ had everɪthɪng bɪfore əs, wɪ had nothɪng bɪfore əs, wɪ wə all goɪng direct tə Heavən, wɪ wə all goɪng direct thɪ othər way—ɪn short, thə perɪəd wəs so far like thə presənt perɪəd, thət some əf ɪts noisɪəst authorɪtɪs ɪnsistɪd on ɪts beɪng rɪceived, fə good ə fə evil, ɪn thə superlətɪve dɪgree əf cəmparɪsən onlɪ.
• 76.
  HOMEWORK make a listof the weak forms that you used in your latest writing homework
• 77.
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