1) The document focuses on species extinction as described in an 8th standard Biology textbook. It discusses the major causes of species extinction such as deforestation, hunting, overexploitation, introduction of exotic species, and global warming. 2) Some examples of extinct species given are the Dodo bird which became extinct due to hunting and many Harlequin frog species in Central and South America that disappeared due to infectious diseases caused by climate change. 3) There have been 5 major extinction events in history including at the end of the Ordovician, Devonian, Permian, Triassic, and Cretaceous periods.

1. WELCOME PRESENTED BY SARANIYA PRADEEP NATURAL SCIENCE ROLL.NO.84

2. This power point presentation focuses on “species extinction” described in the Biology text book of 8th standard, in chapter 3-BEAUTY OF NATURE

3. SPECIES EXTINCTIONANIMALS

5. Extinction-first described in 1750s. The possibility of extinction widely accepted before the 1800s. Georges Cuvier established extinction as a fact in 1796.

6. Extinction, in ecology refers to the end of a specific group of taxa. A taxon is extinct when there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.

7. The IUCN-world conservation union has categorized species into different categories. Extinct species is the first category in it. A Taxon is presumed extinct when exhaustive surveys in known & expected habitat ,at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal or annual) throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual.

8. A Taxon is extinct in the wild when it is known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity or as a naturalized population (or populations well outside the past range.)

9. EXTINCTION-MAJOR CAUSES Deforestation/habitat loss Hunting/poaching Over exploitation Introduction of exotic species Global warming Predation,diseases,competition,pollution

10. DEFORESTATION leads to loss of habitat for several animal species.

11. H HUNTING is another major cause of extinction

12. t The DODO Bird became extinct due to hunting

13. OVER EXPLOITATION is another reason for species extinction. Demands for items like tiger skin, tiger bones, rhinoceros horns etc.has led to over exploitation. Unrestricted whaling during the 20th century is another example for overexploitation.

15. Introduced exotic species put native species in danger by preying on them.

16. They alter the natural habitat & cause a greater competition for food, since they are intruders.

18. Major Extinction Events in the history of the planet 5 largest mass extinctions occurred. The late Ordovician period. The late Devonian period. At the end of the Permean period. The late Triassic period. At the Cretaceous period.

19. THANK YOU