This document provides a summary of Spanish grammar topics including: the imperfect tense, preterit tense, modal verbs, adverbs, progressive tense, future tense, superlatives, formal commands, prepositions, conditional tense, and demonstratives. It explains how to conjugate and use these various grammar structures in Spanish.
3. Imperfect Tense
ER: AR:
IR: aba
ia
ia abas
ias
ias
aba
ia ia
iamos iamos abamos
iais iais
abais
ian ian
aban
4. Prederite Ar- Er/ir-
Imprerfect
é í CAR GAR ZAR
aste Iste Tocar jugar Comenzar
Ó ío
Amos imos • Toque • Juque • Comence
aron ieron • Tocaste • Jugaste • Comenzaste
• Toco • Jugo • Comenzo
• Tocamos • Jugamos • Comenzamos
• Tocaron • jugaron • Comenzaron
Fui
Fuiste
Cucaracha Verbs
Anduv-
Fue
Fuimos I Estuv- -e
Pud-
fueron Iste Pus-
Io Quis- -iste
Imos Sup-
Ieron Tuv- -o
Hice Vin-
Dig-
Hiciste -imos
Drop the I
Traj-
Hizo Conduj-
Hicimos Produj-
-ieron
Traduj-
hicieron
5. Modal Verbs
*conjugate and pair the modal verb with an infinitive to get a new
meaning
ir+a+infintive (going to something)
Poder+infinitive (are able to do something)
Querer+infinitive (want to do something)
Deber+infintive(should do something)
Tener que+infinitive (to have to do something)
Soler+infinitive (to be accustomed to…)
6. Los adverbios
Adjective feminine form adverb
Claro clara claramente
Deficil dificil deficilmente
Perfecto perfecta perfectamente
***Don’t say 2 “mentes” together
Ex.. Juan trabaja lenta y cuidadosamente
7. Progressive Tense
Present Past
-ando (ar) Same thing except
-iendo (ir/er)
you change the
estar.
-yendo
• Estaba
Ex. Hablando • Estabas
Ex. Comiendo • Estaba
Ex. Leyendo • Estabamos
• Estabais
8. Future
Decir dir- - a
Hacer har-
- as
Poner pondr-
Salir saldr- - a
Tener tendr-
- emos
Valer vendr-
Poder podr- - an
Querer querr-
Saber sabr-
9. Superlatives
definite
article + noun + más (menos) +
adjective + de
Juanes el chico más inteligente de la
clase.
John is the smartest boy in the class.
10. Formal Command
Put in yo.
Change the vowel. (ar-e….ir/er-a)
These rules apply for negative and
positive.
T.V. D.I.S.H.E.S. apply
11. Prepositions
Izquiera- left
Derecha- right
Delante- in front
Detras- behind
Lejos- far away
Cerca- near
Abajo- below
Arriba- above
Encima- on top
Afuero- outside
Dentro de- inside
Entre- in between
12. Conditional
ía
ías
ía
íamos
íais
ían
Used to express probability, possibility, or wonder.
Often translated as would, should, or could have.
Ex. El alumno dijo que estudiaría una hora más.
The student said that he would study one more
hour.
13. Demonstratives
Singular
Esto(a)- this
Eso(a)- that
Aquel(a)- that over there
Plural
Estos(as)- these
Esos(as)- those
Aquellos(as)- Those over there
Anything that ends with an “E” is neuter.
T is near me.