The document contains an outline for a Spanish grammar lesson. It includes sections on stem changers, indirect object pronouns, object pronoun placement, gustar, affirmative and negative words, superlatives, reflexives, commands, sequencing events, verb tenses like preterite and present progressive, and adverbs. The sections provide examples and explanations of key grammar concepts in Spanish.

1. Antonio Baudo
7 th Period
10/28/12

2. Table of Contents
1. Nationalities
2. Stem Changers
3. Para
4. Indirect Object Pronouns
5. Object Pronoun Placement
6. Gustar
7. Affirmative/Negative Words
8. Superlatives
9. Reflexives
10. Affirmative Tú Commands/Irregulars/Pronoun Placement
11. Negative Tú Commands/Irregulars/Pronoun Placement
12. Sequencing Events
13. Preterite
14. Trigger Words
15. -Car, -Gar, -Zar
16. Deber + Infinitive
17. Modal Verbs
18. Present Progressive
19. Adverbs

4. Stem-Changers
O-UE (dormir)
E-IE (Querer)
Duermo Dormimos Quiero Queremos
Duermes Quieres
Duerme Duermen Quiere Quieren
U-UE (jugar) E-I (pedir)
Juego Jugamos
Pido Pedimos
Juegas
Pides
Juega Juegan
Pide Piden

5. Para
Para indicates:
1. a recipient of an item
• Ellie compra un regalo para su amiga.
2. a purpose
• Voy a la tienda para comprar la comida.
3. an implied purpose
• Tengo dinero para (comprar) algo.

6. Answers:
Indirect Object Pronouns To Whom?
For Whom?
Me Nos
Te
Le Les
ME NOS
Tyler compra la comida a mi. Tyler compra la comida a nosotros.
Tyler me compra la comida. Tyler nos compra la comida.
TE
Tyler compra la comida a ti.
Tyler te compra la comida.
LE LES
Tyler compra la comida a Elena. Tyler compra la comida a ellos.
Tyler le compra la comida. Tyler les compra la comida.
Comes before the
conjugated verb.

7. Object Pronoun Placement
 Attach the pronoun to the infinitive
 Attach the pronoun to a progressive tense
 Attach the pronoun to an affirmative command
 Place the pronoun before a conjugated verb

8. Gustar -To like
Me gusta(n) Nos gusta(n)
Te gusta(n)
Le gusta(n) Les gusta(n)
Me gusta bailar.
Gusta(n) will always have I like to dance.
me/te/le/nos/les in front of it
Le gustan los gatos.
He likes the cats.
Gusta is when the object Nos gusta la fiesta.
pronoun is singular. We like the party.
-Te gusta el regalo.
Te gustan los chicas.
Gustan is when the You like the girls.
pronoun is plural.
-Te gustan los regalos.

9. Affirmative/Negative Words
Siempre, me lavo los Nunca pongo la mesa.
dientes.
No tengo ninguno pasta de
¿Algo más? dientes.
Double negatives are
required in Spanish.
Algo Something Nada Nothing
Alguien Someone Algùn y ningùn come before Nadie No one
a singular masculine noun.
Algùn/Alguno Some Any other noun is alguno or Ningùn/Ninguno None
ninguno (the exceptions are
Siempre Always nunca and nadie). Nunca Never
Tambien Also Tampoco Neither/Either

10. Superlatives
-ísimo -ísimos
-ísima -ísimas
-Means very C, G, or Z become Qu, Gu, C
Rico Riquísimo
Larga Largísima
Alto Altísimo Feliz Felicísimo
Fuerte Fuertísimo
N or R become –císimo
Joven Jovencísimo
Trabajador Trabajadorcísimo

11. Reflexives
-verb done to oneself
-identified with –se
Bañarse (to bathe)
-me -nos You bathe yourself.
Te bañas.
-te
-se -se
Acostarse (to lie down)
I lie down.
Me acuesto.
1. Drop the –se
2. Conjugate the verb
3. Add the correct pronoun Maquillarse (to put on make up)
to the front Sarah puts on make up.
Sarah se maquilla.

12. Affirmative Tú Commands/
Irregulars/Pronoun Placement
-Put in él/ella/Ud. form
for regulars-
Run. Corre.
Irregulars Attach an object pronoun to the end
Decir Di of the command.
Hacer Haz Put it. Ponla.
Ir Ve
Wash it. Lavalo.
Poner Pon
Salir Sal
Ser Sé
Tener Ten
Venir Ven
Leave. Sal.

13. Negative Tú Commands/
Irregulars/Pronoun Placement
Put it in the yo form.
Add an “s”
Use the opposite vowel (ar-e
and er/ir-a)
Don’t play. No jueges. Place an object pronoun before the
command.
Irregulars
Decir No digas Don’t play it (the sport).
No lo jueges.
Hacer No hagas
Ir No vayas
Poner No pongas
Salir No salgas
Ser No seas
Tener No tengas
Venir No vengas
Don’t leave. No salgas.

14. Sequencing Events
Primero First
Entonces Then
Luego/Después Later/After
Por fin Finally
Antes de Before
Después de After
Por la mañana/tarde/noche In/During the …
Los lunes, etc. On mondays, etc.

15. Preterite Past Tense Snapshot in Time
Ar Er/Ir
Yo é í
Tú aste iste
ó ió
Él/ella/
Ud. amos imos
Nosotr aron ieron
os
Ellos/El
las/

16. Trigger Words

17. -Car, -Gar, -Zar Tocar
Toqué Tocamos
Preterite yo form:
changes to –qué, -gué, Tocaste
-cé Tocó Tocaron
Jugar Comenzar
Jugué Jugamos Comencé Comenzamos
Jugaste Comenzaste
Jugó Jugaron Comenzó Comenzaron

18. Deber + Infinitive Deber = should or
ought to
1. Conjugate deber.
2. Add the infinitive.
Debo comer. Debemos comer.
I should eat. We should eat.
Debes comer.
You should eat.
Debe comer. Deben comer.
He should eat. They should eat.

19. Modal Verbs Deber + Infinitive
When you have two verbs in a row:
Puede comer.
1. The first one is conjugated.
He is able to eat.
2. The second must be an infinitive.
Quiero nadar.
I want to swim.

20. Present Progressive
-ING Estar + Verb (-ando/-iendo)
Add –ando the verbs Estoy escribiendo.
that end in –ar. I am writing.
Add –iendo to verbs
that end in –er/-ir.
Double vowel
Ir is not iendo. It’s yendo.
Creer is not creiendo. It’s
creyendo.
Leer is not leiendo. It’s
leyendo.

21. Adverbs
-ly = -mente
Adjectives like tranquilo are changed to adverbs by 2+ in a row:
changing to –o to –a and adding –mente Only add –mente to
(tranquilamente). the last one, but the
Adjectives like reciente are changed to adverbs by adding previous ones that
–mente (recientemente). end in-o must be
Adjectives like feliz just need a –mente (felizmente). changed to an –a
(tranquila y
felizmente)