This document provides a grammar book table of contents and explanations of various Spanish grammar topics in 11 sections, including: stem changing verbs; para; indirect object pronouns; pronoun placement; gustar; affirmative and negative words; superlatives; reflexives; affirmative and negative tu commands with irregular verbs and pronoun placement; and sequencing events. It explains concepts like stem changes, uses of para, indirect object pronouns and their placement, the construction of gustar, forming superlatives, reflexive verbs, conjugating affirmative and negative commands, and time expressions for sequencing events.

1. GRAMMAR BOOK
Por Roxana Brown

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Nacionalidades
2. Stem Changing Verbs
3. Para
4. Indirect Object Pronouns
5. Pronoun Placement
6. Gustar
7. Affirmative and Negative Words
8. Superlatives
9. Reflexives
10. Affirmative tu commands + irregulars + pronoun placement
11. Negative tu command + irregulars + pronoun placement
12. Sequencing events

4. STEM CHANGING VERBS
•Subject pronouns: Words outside
yo nosotros of the boot do
tú vosotros not get
conjugated
el/ella/usted ustedes/ellas/ellos
•O > UE (ex: yo duermo)
•E >IE (tú piensas)
•U >UE (ellos juegan)
•E >I (el sirve)

5. PARA
•Can mean:
1) “in order to” when followed by an infinitive
2) “by” or “for” when referring to a specific time

6. INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS
Singular Plural
• Me (me) • Nos (us)
• Te (you) • Os (you all)
• Le (you formal, • Les (you,
him, her, it) them)

7. PRONOUN PLACEMENT
1. Attach the pronoun to the infinitive
2. Attach the pronoun to a progressive tense
3. Attach the pronoun to an affirmative command
4. Place the pronoun before a conjugated verb

8. GUSTAR
•Singular: Me gusta el boligrafo
•Infinitive: Me gusta hablar español
•Dependent on what is being liked
•Used along aside IOPs
a mi= me gusta
a ti= te gusta
a usted/ellas/ellos= les gusta
a vosotros= os gusta
•Plural: Me gustan las frutas

9. AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE
WORDS
Affirmative Negative
• Algo (something) • Nada (nothing)
• Alguien (someone) • Nadie (no one)
• Algún/ alguno/a • Nigún/ninguno/a
(same) (none, not any)
• Siempre (always) • Nunca (never)
• También (also) • Tampoco (neither,
either)

10. SUPERLATIVES
•Isimo, isimos, isima, isimas= extremely or very after an adjective or adverb
•Suffix added to adjectives and adverbs
•Adjectives or adverbs ending in c, g, or z change spelling to qu, gu, and c
•Adjectives ending in n or r for by adding císimo/a

11. REFLEXIVES
•Construction- subject is also the object receiving the action of the verb
(subject does as well as receives action)
•Subject, pronoun and verb are all in the same form
Example: Me levanto a las ocho de la mañana.
•Conjugate as always adding reflexive pronoun
Example: acostarse (yo form): me acuesto
•Position: 1) in front of the conjugated verb
2) attached to a gerund
3) attached to an infinitive
4) attached to an affirmative command

12. AFFIRMATIVE TU COMMANDS +
IRREGULARS + PRONOUN
PLACEMENT
Simply drop the “s”
They can attach a direct object pronoun to the ending
Irregulars:
Di Sal
Haz Sé
Ve Ten
Pon Ven

13. NEGATIVE TU COMMANDS +
IRREGULARS + PRONOUN
PLACEMENT
•Put in “yo” form and change to opposite vowel and add “s”
ar endings change to e
ir, er endings change to a
•Irregulars:
Tener No tengas
Vener No vengas
Dar/ decir No des/ no digas
Ir No vayas
Ser No seas
Hacer No hagas
Estar No estés
Saber No sepas

14. SEQUENCING EVENTS
Antes de/ Despues de Por la
Primero Entonces Luego/ Despues Por Fin
mañana/tarde/noche
• First • Next • Later • Finally • Before/ After de + • In/ during the… (no
• Then • After infinitive specific time given)