here i have presented about the developments in space technology over 50 yrs and recent space technology.

2. *Indian Space Research Organisation
is the primary body for space research
was established on August 15,1969.
*Since from Aryabatta(1975) to Chandrayan
1(2008), ISRO travelled along with a vast space
missions.
*Here first I am going to present about the
“developments of space technology over 50 years”
and later about the “recent achievements in space
technology from 2010 to 2014”.
INTRODUCTION

3. What is meant by space?
Space is a zone that occurs 100 km
above the planet, where there
is no appreciable air to breathe
Or to scatter light.

4. DEVELOPMENT OF SPACE
TECHNOLOGY OVER 50 YEARS

5. It's hard for me to find an area of space exploration that hasn't changed over the last 50
years!
Let's start with rocketry, which on first appearance, looks most similar. But rockets have
certainly changed since 1958, having grown in size and durability. Rockets today are
more likely to use liquid oxygen as fuel. They are built to better withstand the massive
internal pressures needed to generate enough lift to break the earth's gravitational field.
Navigation is a huge change. Improved navigation now enable us to pinpoint the
location of a satellite down to the nearest inch. This enables satellites to maintain a more
efficient orbit, using less fuel, leading to longer times in space, less failure.
The way we see the universe has changed, too. First consider the difference between an
analog, black-and-white television transmission and HDTV. Now consider the difference
between that same old black-and-white picture compared to the hottest 12 megapixel
digital camera. Now extend that one step further - engineers have digital cameras with
over 100 megapixels, to be mounted in probes.

6. And we 'see in other colors'. Visible light is a tiny piece of the varying kinds of
light that reaches earth. Most of the serious research is done with radio
astronomy, detecting and using other forms of light (well, electromagnetic
radiation) like x-rays, and microwaves. Visible astronomy is now left as a way to
calibrate other instruments, for amateur astronomers doing sky surveys, and for
publicity images for the press and general public.
Putting people into space has changed, too. By having folks spend months in
space, we learn how the body changes in a zero gravity environment (and that
it takes a long time to get the body used to gravity again!) But the food supply,
water supply, and waste collection are all improved, and make life in space
much more livable.

9. ““ A Civilian program with focus on
with application of Space Technology
for socio economic development of the
country””
-Dr.Vikram Sarabhai
(Father of Indian space program)

10. Major Space Missions Of 2010:
• April 15: GSLV-D3 launched GSAT-4.
• July 12: PSLV-C15 launched five satellites :
 CARTOSAT-2B
 ALSAT-2A
 NLS-6.1,6.2( Nano satellites)
 STUDSAT(A Pico satellite)
• November 27: HYLAS(Highly Adaptable Satellite)
• Dec 25: GSLV-F06 Launched GSAT-5P

11. GSLV-D3 : APRIL 15,2010
• GSLV-D3 was the sixth flight of ISRO’s Geosynchronous Satellite
Launch Vehicle(GSLV).
• GSLV launched 2220kg GSAT-4, a experimental advanced
technology communication satellite.
• GSLV-D3 was the maiden flight of GSLV in which Indigenous
cryogenic upper stage was used.
• GSLV-D3 was launched from the second launch pad (SLP) at Satish
Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota on April 15,2010.
• Flight testing of Indigenous cryogenic stage was unsuccessful.
• Hence this GSLV-D3 mission was failed.

12. Images of GSLV-D3 and GSAT-4:
GSAT-4
GSLV-D3

13. July 12, 2010: PSLV-C15:
• PSLV-C15 is the seventeenth flight of ISRO’s
versatile Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle(PLSV).
• In this flight PSLV placed 694kg CARTOSTAT-2B
in 630 km Polar Synchronous Orbit (SSO) and
also launched 3 other foreign satellites namely
ALSAT-2A, NLS 6.1 and NLS 6.2.
CARTOSAT-2B is the seventeenth satellite in the
Indian Remote Sensing Satellite Series(IRS).
CARTOSAT-2B carried a Pan Chromatic Camera
which would send the scene specific spot
imagery will be useful for Cartographic and
other applications.

14. ALSAT-2A is a small satellite weighing 116
kg from Algeria for Remote Sensing
Purpose.
NLS 6.1 weighing 6.5 kg, Canada for
testing Various Satellite technologies.
NLS 6.2 weighing 1 kg , Switzerland for
testing Various Satellite Technologies.
STUDSAT is a first Pico Satellite , by a
Consortium from Karnataka and Andhra
Pradesh, weighing less than 1 kg, gives
telemetry data to earth station.

15. IMAGES OF PSLV C15, STUDSTAT
AND CARTOSTAT-2B:

16. NOVEMBER 27, 2010:HYLAS
• An advanced communication satellite HYLAS (Highly
Adaptable Satellite) built by ISRO on a commercial
basis in partnership with EADS- Astrium of Europe.
• Was successfully launched on November 27, 2010 by
the European Ariane-5 V198 launch vehicle.
• The satellite is designed to deliver high-speed
broadband services through its spot beams over
Europe.

17. Image Of HYLAS:

18. DEC 25, 2010:GSLV F06:
• GSLV-F06 was the seventh mission of
Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV)
aimed to inject a 2310 kg communication
satellite, GSAT-5P, into a Geosynchronous Transfer
Orbit (GTO).
 GSAT-5P was the fifth satellite launched in the
GSAT series. It was an exclusive communication
satellite to further argument the communication
services currently provided by the Indian National
Satellite (INSAT) .

19. IMAGE OF GSLV-F06 AND GSAT-5P:

20. MAJOR SPACE MISSIONS OF 2011:
• PSLV-C16 successfully launched Three
Satellites - RESOURCESAT-2,YOUTHSAT, X-
SAT from Sriharikota (April 20, 2011).
• Successful launch of GSAT-8 by Ariane-5 VA-
202. (May 21, 2011).
• PSLV-C17 successfully launched GSAT-12 from
Sriharikota (July 15, 2011).
• PSLV-C18 successfully launched Megha-
Tropiques, Jugnu, SRMSat andVesselSat-
1 from Sriharikota (October 12, 2011).

21. APRIL 20, 2011: PSLV-C16
• PSLV-C16, is the eighteenth flight of ISRO's Polar Satellite Launch
Vehicle, PSLV.
• PSLV-C16 placed three satellites with a total payload mass of 1404 kg -
RESOURCESAT-2 weighing 1206 kg, the Indo-Russian YOUTHSAT
weighing 92 kg and Singapore's X-SAT weighing 106 kg into an 822 km
polar Sun Synchronous Orbit (SSO)
• PSLV-C16 is launched from the First Launch Pad (FLP) at Satish Dhawan
Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota.
 RESOURCESAT-2 is the eighteenth Remote Sensing satellite built by
ISRO. RESOURCESAT-2 is intended to provide data with enhanced
multispectral and spatial coverage as well.

22. Youthsat is a mini satellite and the second in
the Indian Mini Satellite (IMS) series.
Youthsat mission intends to investigate the
relationship between solar variability and
thermosphere-Ionosphere changes.
 X-SAT is a Mini Satellite with a multispectral
camera weighing 106 kg. X-SAT mission
mainly intends to demonstrate technologies
related to satellite based remote sensing
and onboard image processing.

23. Image of resouresat-2,youthsat,x-sat
integrated with pslv-c16:

24. May 21,2011: gsat-8.
• GSAT-8, India’s advanced communication
satellite, is a high power communication
satellite being inducted in the INSAT
system, Weighing about 3100 Kg is
Launched by Ariane-5 VA-202 from
French Guiana.
• IMAGE OF GSAT-8:

25. July 15.2011:pslv-c17
• Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C17), in its
nineteenth flight, launched India's communication
satellite GSAT-12 from the Second Launch Pad of
Satish Dhawan Space Centre, SHAR, Sriharikota,
India.
• GSAT-12, the latest communication satellite built by
ISRO, weighing about 1410 kg, will augment the
capacity in the INSAT system for various
communication services like Tele-education,
Telemedicine and for Village Resource Centres.

26. Images of pslv-c17 and gsat-12

27. October 12, 2011: pslv-c18:
• Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, in its twentieth flight (PSLV-
C18)launched Megha-Tropiques satellite along with three auxiliary
payloads with a total payload mass of 1047 kg from the first launch
pad of Satish Dhawan Space Centre.
 Megha-Tropiques is an Indo-French Joint Satellite Mission for
studying the water cycle and energy exchanges in the tropics.
 Nano satellite Jugnu weighing 3 kg is designed and developed by
Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur under the guidance of ISRO
to Evaluate GPS receiver for its use in satellite navigation etc.,
 The Nanosatellite SRMSat weighing 10.9 kg is developed by the
students and faculty of SRM University attempts to address the
problem of Global warming and pollution levels in the atmosphere
by monitoring Carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapour (H2O).
 VesselSat-1 weighing 28.7 kg is a microsatellite developed and built
by LuxSpace of Luxembourg.

28. Images of pslv-c18, Megha-Tropiques,
Jugnu,VesselSat-1,SRMsat:

29. Major space missions of 2012:
• PSLV-C19 successfully launched RISAT-
1 from Sriharikota (April 26, 2012).
• ISRO's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, PSLV-
C21 successfully launched SPOT
6 and PROITERES from Sriharikota
(September 09, 2012).
• Successful launched GSAT-10 by Ariane-5
VA-209 from Kourou French Guiana
(September 29, 2012)

30. April 26, 2012:pslv-c19:
• The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, in its
21st flight (PSLV-C19), launches India’s
first Radar Imaging Satellite – RISAT-1.
RISAT-1 is a state of the art Microwave
Remote Sensing Satellite ,which enables
imaging of the surface features during
both day and night under all weather
conditions.

31. Image Risat-1:

32. September 9, 2012: pslv-c21:
• India's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, in
its twenty-second flight (PSLV-C21) will
launch the French earth observation
satellite SPOT 6 along with a micro-
satellite from Japan.

33. IMAGE OF PSLV-C21:

34. September 29, 2012: gsat 10:
• GSAT-10, India’s advanced communication
satellite, is a high power satellite being inducted
into the INSAT system. Weighing 3400 kg at lift-
off.
• Which provides the accuracy of the positioning
information obtained from the GPS satellites is
improved by a network of ground based receivers
and made available to the users in the country
through geo-stationary satellites.
• IMAGE OF GSAT-10:

35. MAJOR SPACE MISSIONS OF 2013:
• PSLV - C20 successfully launched SARAL from Sriharikota (Feb 25, 2013).
• PSLV - C22 successfully launched IRNSS-1A from Sriharikota (Jul 01, 2013).
• Successful launch of INSAT-3D by Ariane-5 VA-214 from Kourou French
Guiana (July 26, 2013).
• Successful launch of GSAT-7 by Ariane-5 VA-215 from Kourou French
Guiana (August 30, 2013).
• PSLV - C25 successfully launched Mars Orbiter Mission Spacecraft from
Sriharikota (Nov 05, 2013).

36. Feb 25, 2013: pslv c20:
• India's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle in its
twenty third flight (PSLV - C20), launched the
Indo-French satellite SARAL along with six
commercial payloads from Canada, Austria,
Denmark and UK into a 785 km polar sun
synchronous orbit from Sriharikota.
 The Satellite with ARGOS and ALTIKA (SARAL) is
a joint Indo-French satellite mission for
oceanographic studies. SARAL will perform
altimetric measurements designed to study
ocean circulation and sea surface elevation.

37. Images of pslv c20 and saral:

38. July 01,2013:pslv-c22:
• Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, in its
twenty fourth flight (PSLV-C22), will
launch India’s first dedicated navigational
satellite IRNSS-1A, launched from
Sriharikota.
IRNSS-1A is the first satellite in the Indian
Regional Navigation Satellite System
(IRNSS). It is one of the seven satellites
constituting the IRNSS space segment.

39. Images of pslv c22 and irnss-1a

40. July 26,2013:Insat-3d:
• INSAT-3D is an advanced weather satellite
of India configured with improved
Imaging System and Atmospheric
Sounder.
• INSAT-3D is designed for enhanced
meteorological observations, monitoring
of land and ocean surfaces, generating
vertical profile of the atmosphere in
terms of temperature and humidity for
weather forecasting and disaster
warning.

41. Image of insat – 3d

42. August 30,2013: gsat-7
• GSAT-7 is an advanced communication
satellite built by ISRO to provide wide
range of service spectrum from low bit
rate voice to high bit rate data
communication.
IMAGE OF GSAT-7:

43. November 5 .2013: mars orbiter mission
space craft:
• PSLV-C25, twenty fifth flight of PSLV will launch
Mars Orbiter Mission Spacecraft from the First
Launch Pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre
SHAR, Sriharikota.
• The challenging PSLV-C25 mission is optimised
for the launch of Mars Orbiter Mission
spacecraft into a highly elliptical Earth orbit
with a perigee (nearest point to Earth) of 250
km and an apogee (farthest point to Earth) of
23,500 km with an inclination of 19.2 degree
with respect to the equator.

44. Images of pslv-c25

45. mars orbiter mission space craft:
• Mars Orbiter Mission is India's first interplanetary
mission to planet Mars with an orbiter craft designed to
orbit Mars in an elliptical orbit.
• The Mission is primarily technological mission
considering the critical mission operations and stringent
requirements on propulsion and other bus systems of
spacecraft. It has been configured to carry out
observation of physical features of mars and carry out
limited study of Martian atmosphere with following five
payloads:
 Mars Colour Camera (MCC)
 Thermal Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (TIS)
 Methane Sensor for Mars (MSM)
Mars Exospheric Neutral Composition Analyser (MENCA)
 Lyman Alpha Photometer (LAP)

46. Images of mars orbiter mission space
craft:

47. Jan 5, 2014:Gslv-d5:
• GSLV-D5 is the eighth flight of India's
Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle
(GSLV).
• It is also the fourth developmental flight of
GSLV.
• GSLV-D5 vehicle is configured with its first
and second stages similar to the ones flown
during earlier GSLV missions. The third stage
is the Indigenous Cryogenic Stage.
• GSLV-D5 was launched from the Second
Launch Pad (SLP) at Satish Dhawan Space
Centre SHAR, Sriharikota on January 05,
2014.

48. Images of gslv-d5

49. GSAT-14 is the twenty third geostationary
communication satellite of India built by
ISRO.
The main objectives of GSAT-14 mission
are:
 To augment the In-orbit capacity of
Extended C and Ku-band transponders
 To provide a platform for new
experiments.

52. Some more details about Mars
orbiter mission(MOM)

67. • Summary:

68. conclusion
The beginning
development in Indian space
technology

69. Thank you
Done by, s.kalyana sundaram