1) ISRO is India's space agency headquartered in Bengaluru. It aims to use space technology for national development and space science research. 2) The Indian space program was started in the 1960s under Dr. Vikram Sarabhai and had three elements - satellites, space transportation systems, and application programs. 3) Key achievements include the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment, developing the first Indian spacecraft Aryabhata, and the successful Mars Orbiter Mission that made India the first nation to reach Mars on its first attempt.

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DR B.R AMBEDKAR NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JALANDHAR
DEPARTMENT : CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING
SUBMITTED TO : DR KS NAGLA AKSHAY KUMAR
18206103
8/3/2021
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2.  ISRO is the space agency under the “Department of
space” of government of India, Headquatered in the city
of Bengalaru, Karnataka.
 It’s vision is to harness the space technology for national
development, while pursuing space science research for
planetary exploration.
 National development : e-governance, banking,
telemedicine, better communication, education to remote
areas, weather forecasting, disaster management etc.
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3.  The space research activities were initiated in India
under Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, the founding father of
Indian space programme, during 1960’s.
 Since inception, the Indian space programme had
three distinct elements such as:
1) satellites for communication and remote sensing.
2) the space transportation system.
3) application programs.
 The INCOSPAR (Indian National Committee for
Space Research) was initiated under the leadership
of Dr. Sarabhai and Dr. Ramanathan.
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4. 1975-2000
 Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) was
conducted. It was hailed as ‘the largest sociological
experiment in the world’
 first Indian spacecraft ‘Aryabhata’ developed and was
launched using a Soviet Launcher.
 first launch vehicle SLV-3 with a capability to place 40 kg
in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), was developed.
 In the experimental phase during 80’s, Bhaskara-I & II
missions
 During the operational phase in 90’s INSAT & IRS
system were launched.
 Development and operationalisation of PSLV , GSLV
were significants achievements .
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6.  A satellite is basically a self contained –communication
systems with the ability to receive signals from earth and
re-transmit those signals back with the use of
transponder
 Parts of satellite-: a)transponder b)antenna subsytems
c)solar cell and battery backup
a)Transponder - the main task of transponder is frequency
conversion.
b)Antenna subsystems -The antennas help receive and
transmit the signals from the earth and towards the earth
respectively.
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7. SATTELITE SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
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8. A)Geostationary orbits (geosynchronous or synchronous
orbits) are orbits in which the satellite is always
positioned over the same spot on earth.
• they are in the plane of the earth equator orbit with a
radius of approximately 26,199 miles & altitude 36000km.
• use – television, communication and weather satellite.
• Geostationary orbits are why a DSS satellite TV dish is
typically bolted in a fixed position.
 B)Polar orbit- in which satellite moves from north pole to
south pole to north.
 C)Low earth orbits (LEO) with height less than 2000km.
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Source : giphy.com

10. INSAT.
 INDIAN NATIONAL SATELLITE SYSTEM.
 It’s a series of multipurpose geostationary satellites
established with commissioning of INSAT-1B in 1983.
 One of the largest domestic communication satellites in
Asia-pacific region with 9 operational satellites placed in
geostationary orbit.
 It initiated the major revolution in India’s communication
sector.
 INSAT provide services related to telecommunications,
television broadcasting, weather forecasting, disaster
warning and Search and Rescue operations.
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11. LIST OF COMMUNICATION
SATELLITES.
SATELLITE LAUNCH DATE LAUNCH
VEHICLE
APPLICATION
GSAT-31A FEB 6, 19 ARIANE-5-VA COMMUNICATION
GSAT-7A DEC 19, 18 GSLV_F11 COMMUNICATION
GSAT-11 MISSION DEC 05 ,18 ARIANE-5VA-246 COMMUNICATION
GSAT-29 NOV 14 , 18 GSLV MK III D2 COMMUNICATION
GSAT-6A MAR 29 , 18 GSLV -F08 COMMUNICATION
GSAT-17 JUN 29 , 17 ARIANE-5-VA -238 COMMUNICATION
GSAT-19 JUN 05 , 17 GSLV MK III D1 COMMUNICATION
GSAT-9 MAY 05 , 17 GSLV F-09 COMMUNICATION
GSAT-12 JUL 15, 2011 PSLV C-17 COMMUNICATION
GSAT-8 May 21, 2011 ARIANE-5-VA -202 COMMUNICATION
EDUSAT SEP , 2020 GSLV F-011, 2011 COMMUNICATION
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12.  Starting with IRS-1A in 1988, ISRO has launched
many operational remote sensing satellites.
 Today, India has one of the largest constellations of
remote sensing satellites in operation.
 applications covering agriculture, water resources,
urban planning, rural development, mineral
prospecting, environment, forestry, ocean resources
and disaster management.
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Source :The Hindu

14. GAGAN
IRNSS: NAVIC
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15.  Satellite is an emerging satellite based system with
commercial and strategic applications.
 Civil Aviation requirements and to meet the user
requirements of the positioning, navigation and timing
based on the independent satellite navigation system.
 ISRO is working jointly with Airport Authority of India
(AAI) in establishing the GPS Aided Geo Augmented
Navigation (GAGAN) system.
 ISRO is establishing a regional satellite navigation
system called Indian Regional Navigation Satellite
System (IRNSS)
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16.  GPS-AIDED GEO NAVIGATION SYSTEM.
 GAGAN is satellite based Indian augmentation and
navigation system developed by AAI and ISRO.
 Its consists of 15 Indian reference systems, 3 Indian
navigation land uplink stations , 3 Indian mission control
centre’s . 1 geostationary satellite and 4 GPS satellite.
 It will provide the accurate and reliable position of aircraft
covering the area from Australia and south- Africa
stretching into middle east.
 It will be beneficial for landing aircraft like tough weather
terrain like Mangalore and LEH.
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astronmywa.net

18. D
A
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Wikipedia.org

19.  INDIAN REGIONAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM.
 It is an independent regional navigation system
developed by INDIA.
 it is an autonomous regional satellite navigation system
that provides accurate real-time positioning and timing
services.
 The constellation consists of 7 satellites with 3 in
geostationary orbit and 4 in inclined geosynchronous
orbit.
 It covers India and a region extending 1,500 km.
 Accuracy -10 m for public and 0.1 m encrypted.
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20. Satellite Launch date Orbit Status Remarks
IRNSS-1A 1 July 2013 Geosynchronous Failed in orbit Atomic clocks
failed
IRNSS-1B 4 April 2014 Geostationary Operational
IRNSS-1C 16 Oct 2013 Geosynchronous Operational
IRNSS-1D 28 Mar 2015 Geosynchronous Operational
IRNSS-1E 20 Jan 2016 Geosynchronous Operational
IRNSS-1F 10 Mar 2016 Geostationary Operational
IRNSS-1G 28 April 2016 Geostationary Operational
IRNSS-1H 31 Aug 2017 Launch failed Payload
fairing failed
IRNSS-1F 31 Aug 2017 Geosynchronous Operational
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Source : The hindu

22. ASTROSAT
MARS ORBITER MISSION (MOM)
CHANDRAYAAN I
CHANDRAYAAN II.
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23.  India’s first dedicated multi wavelength space
observatory.
 This scientific satellite mission endeavour for a more
detailed understanding of our universe.
 It is the first dedicated Indian astronomy mission aimed
at studying celestial sources in Xray, optical and UV
spectral bands simultaneously.
 One of the unique features of ASTROSAT mission is that
it enables the simultaneous multi-wavelength
observations of various astronomical objects with a
single satellite.
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SOURCE :ISRO.GOV.IN
Courtesy: bbc.com

25.  Mars Orbiter Mission -MANGALYAAN
 Maiden interplanetary mission of ISRO, launched on
November 5, 2013, successfully got inserted into Martian
orbit on September 24, 2014 in its first attempt.
 AIM - studying Martian surface and mineral composition
as well as scan its atmosphere for methane (an indicator
of life on Mars).
 MOM is credited with many achievements like cost-
effectiveness, short period of realization, economical
weight-budget.
 PHOBOS and DEIMOS, the two moons of Mars were
also imaged from close distances by Mars COLOUR
Camera (MCC).
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26.  Chandrayaan-1, India’s first mission to moon,
 it was an unmanned spacecraft along with 11 scientific
payloads built in India, UK, USA, Germany, Bulgaria and
Sweden.
 The mission comprised an orbiter and an Impacter.
 Launched aboard PSLV-C11 by ISRO on October 22,
2008,
 the spacecraft was designed to study the Moon orbiting
around it at a height of 100 km from the lunar surface.
 It had operated much less than the intended two years,
but achieved more than 90% of its planned objectives.
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27.  It’s a totally indigenous mission comprising of an Orbiter,
Lander and Rover.
 Chandrayaan-2 is planned to launch in 2019 by GSLV-
F10.
 After reaching the 100 km lunar orbit, the Lander
housing the Rover will separate from the Orbiter. After a
controlled descent.
 the Lander will soft land on the lunar surface at a
specified site and deploy a Rover.
 The payloads will collect scientific information on lunar
topography, mineralogy, elemental abundance, lunar
exosphere and signatures of hydroxyl and water-ice
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SOURCE:QUORA.COM

31.  In December 2018, the Indian government has
announced allocation of 100 billion rupees for first
manned space mission, set to be launched by 2022.
 An unmanned test launch of the project is likely
scheduled for December 2020. Also termed as
GAGANYAAN,

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32.  2/3 Indian astronauts will get into ‘GAGANYAAN’
(crewed spacecraft).
 The GAGANYAAN will be placed in the nose cone of a
launch vehicle
 IT will be launched to LEO (Low Earth Orbit) of radius
around 400 km from SRIHARIKOTA, East coast of India,
 In around 16 minutes. In case of any problem
VYOMNAUTS will be ejected out from the launch vehicle
to sea.
 IT will orbit Earth for 5–7 days.
 VYOMNAUTS will carry out some micro-gravity
experiments.
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35.  A launch vehicle or carrier rocket is a rocket
propelled vehicle used to carry a payload from Earth's surface
to space, usually to Earth orbit or beyond.
 HISTORIC- satellite launch vehicle (SLV).
- Augmented satellite launch vehicle(ASLV).
 OPERATIONAL –Polar satellite launch vehicle (PSLV).
- Geostationary satellite launch vehicle(GSLV).
-Sounding rockets.
 FUTURE – GSLV MK III.
RLV-TD.
SCRAMJET.
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36.  The PSLV is an expendable medium-lift launch vehicle
designed and operated by ISRO.
 It was developed to allow India to launch its Indian
Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites .
 Some notable payloads launched by PSLV :
Chandrayaan-1
Mars Orbiter Mission
ASTROSAT
 Most notable among these was the launch of PSLV C37
on 15 February 2017 successfully deploying 104
satellites in sun-synchronous orbit, tripling the previous
record held by Russia.
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37.  GSLV is an expandable launch system operated by
ISRO.
 GSLV is designed mainly to deliver the communication –
satellites to the highly elliptical orbit typically 3600 km
geosynchronous transfer orbits.
 The payload carrying capacity is 5000kg to LEO &
2700Kg to GTO.
 It had 2 variants GSLV MK I & GSLV MK II .
 Notable payloads were INSAT and GSAT series
satellites.
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38.  GSLV MK III also referred to as the Launch Vehicle
Mark 3 (LVM3) is a three-stage medium lift launch
vehicle developed by ISRO.
 Payload capacity -10000 kg for LEO & 4000 kg for GTO.
 Notable payloads –Crew module re-entry experiment
(CARE) & CHANDRAYAAN -2
 Reusable Launch Vehicle – Technology Demonstrator
(RLV-TD) is under experimental stage.
 SCRAMJET engine is also under experimental stage.
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only country to reach mars in
maiden attempt.
Record braking 104 satellites
in single mission.
& a lot more to come.

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SPACE WOMEN

42. www.isro.gov.in
www.astronomywa.net
www.wikipedia.org
www.thehindu.com
www.bbc.com
www.quora.com
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43. THANKYOU
AKSHAY KUMAR
Aug-22
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