This document provides information about the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It discusses the history and establishment of ISRO in 1969. It outlines some of ISRO's key achievements including the development of satellite launch vehicles, missions to study planets like Mars and the Moon, establishing satellite systems for communications, earth observation, and navigation. It also discusses future planned missions and challenges facing India's space program.
ISRO began in the 1960s under Dr. Vikram Sarabhai with the goal of using space technology to benefit India. Initial activities took place at Thumba, where the first rocket launches occurred. Over time, ISRO established satellite launch capabilities through vehicles like PSLV and GSLV. Key achievements include launching the first Indian satellite in 1975, India's first lunar and Mars missions in 2008 and 2013, and placing multiple satellites into orbit with a single launch. Future plans involve human spaceflight, further lunar and Mars exploration, and new launch vehicles. ISRO aims to continue advancing India's space technologies and their applications.
Despite being a developing economy with its attendant problems, India has effectively developed space technology and has applied it successfully for its rapid development and today is offering a variety of space services globally. During the formative decade of 1960s, space research was conducted by India mainly with the help of sounding rockets. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was formed in 1969. Space research activities were provided additional fillip with the formation of the Space Commission and the Department of Space by the government of India in 1972. And, ISRO was brought under the Department of Space in the same year. In the history of the Indian space programme, 70s were the era of Experimentation during which experimental satellite programmes like Aryabhatta, Bhaskara, Rohini and Apple were conducted. The success of those programmes, led to era of operationalisation in 80s during which operational satellite programmes like INSAT and IRS came into being. Today, INSAT and IRS are the major programmes of ISRO.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of the Indian space programme. It discusses the key milestones and events, including the formation of INCOSPAR in 1962 and ISRO in 1969. It describes the early experiments with sounding rockets and the development of satellite launch vehicles. The document outlines the various centres and facilities of ISRO and lists some of the important satellites launched by India to date. It highlights the roles of pioneering scientists like Vikram Sarabhai and Satish Dhawan in establishing the Indian space programme.
The document discusses the history and achievements of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It details how ISRO was established in 1969 and has since launched numerous satellites, including communication, earth observation, and deep space satellites. Some of ISRO's major accomplishments include launching the first Indian satellite in 1975, developing the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV), launching Chandrayaan-1 to the moon in 2008, and launching a record 104 satellites in a single mission in 2017. ISRO has established India as a major player in space technology and exploration.
Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also called Mangalyaan With Mp4 Video..best pptNoman Jarang
The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also called Mangalyaan ("Mars-craft" from Sanskrit मंगल mangala, "Mars" and यान yāna, "craft, vehicle"), is a spacecraft orbiting Mars since 24 September 2014. It was launched on 5 November 2013 by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
Mars orbiter mission (Mangalyaan)The govt. of INDIAArchit Jindal
All details of the Mars orbiter mission of India. Also the details about ISRO who is carrying out this mission. Also Mp4 video of launch of PSLV-XL which was the launch vehicle for the spacecraft. I hope this presentation is useful for you.The video will work.
ISRO was established in 1969 to oversee India's space program. Some key accomplishments include launching India's first satellite in 1975 and developing launch vehicles like PSLV and GSLV. In 2008, ISRO successfully launched Chandrayaan-1, India's first lunar mission. On November 5, 2013, ISRO launched the Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), its first interplanetary mission, which is currently orbiting Mars and gathering scientific data. The mission aims to demonstrate India's capability for interplanetary travel through technological objectives like designing a Mars orbiter and navigating in deep space, as well as scientific objectives like studying Mars' surface and atmosphere.
Space technology is used for applications like weather forecasting, remote sensing, satellite television, communication, astronomy, and earth sciences. Major developments in space technology were due to the Cold War between the US and Russia. The top 10 countries in space technology are the US, Russia, China, France, India, UK, Japan, South Korea, Iran, and Israel. The document focuses on space technology in India, which has grown through ISRO. ISRO has achieved numerous milestones like developing satellite launch vehicles and launching satellites and missions to study the moon and Mars. India hopes to become a global leader in space technology in the future.
ISRO began in the 1960s under Dr. Vikram Sarabhai with the goal of using space technology to benefit India. Initial activities took place at Thumba, where the first rocket launches occurred. Over time, ISRO established satellite launch capabilities through vehicles like PSLV and GSLV. Key achievements include launching the first Indian satellite in 1975, India's first lunar and Mars missions in 2008 and 2013, and placing multiple satellites into orbit with a single launch. Future plans involve human spaceflight, further lunar and Mars exploration, and new launch vehicles. ISRO aims to continue advancing India's space technologies and their applications.
Despite being a developing economy with its attendant problems, India has effectively developed space technology and has applied it successfully for its rapid development and today is offering a variety of space services globally. During the formative decade of 1960s, space research was conducted by India mainly with the help of sounding rockets. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was formed in 1969. Space research activities were provided additional fillip with the formation of the Space Commission and the Department of Space by the government of India in 1972. And, ISRO was brought under the Department of Space in the same year. In the history of the Indian space programme, 70s were the era of Experimentation during which experimental satellite programmes like Aryabhatta, Bhaskara, Rohini and Apple were conducted. The success of those programmes, led to era of operationalisation in 80s during which operational satellite programmes like INSAT and IRS came into being. Today, INSAT and IRS are the major programmes of ISRO.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of the Indian space programme. It discusses the key milestones and events, including the formation of INCOSPAR in 1962 and ISRO in 1969. It describes the early experiments with sounding rockets and the development of satellite launch vehicles. The document outlines the various centres and facilities of ISRO and lists some of the important satellites launched by India to date. It highlights the roles of pioneering scientists like Vikram Sarabhai and Satish Dhawan in establishing the Indian space programme.
The document discusses the history and achievements of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It details how ISRO was established in 1969 and has since launched numerous satellites, including communication, earth observation, and deep space satellites. Some of ISRO's major accomplishments include launching the first Indian satellite in 1975, developing the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV), launching Chandrayaan-1 to the moon in 2008, and launching a record 104 satellites in a single mission in 2017. ISRO has established India as a major player in space technology and exploration.
Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also called Mangalyaan With Mp4 Video..best pptNoman Jarang
The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also called Mangalyaan ("Mars-craft" from Sanskrit मंगल mangala, "Mars" and यान yāna, "craft, vehicle"), is a spacecraft orbiting Mars since 24 September 2014. It was launched on 5 November 2013 by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
Mars orbiter mission (Mangalyaan)The govt. of INDIAArchit Jindal
All details of the Mars orbiter mission of India. Also the details about ISRO who is carrying out this mission. Also Mp4 video of launch of PSLV-XL which was the launch vehicle for the spacecraft. I hope this presentation is useful for you.The video will work.
ISRO was established in 1969 to oversee India's space program. Some key accomplishments include launching India's first satellite in 1975 and developing launch vehicles like PSLV and GSLV. In 2008, ISRO successfully launched Chandrayaan-1, India's first lunar mission. On November 5, 2013, ISRO launched the Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), its first interplanetary mission, which is currently orbiting Mars and gathering scientific data. The mission aims to demonstrate India's capability for interplanetary travel through technological objectives like designing a Mars orbiter and navigating in deep space, as well as scientific objectives like studying Mars' surface and atmosphere.
Space technology is used for applications like weather forecasting, remote sensing, satellite television, communication, astronomy, and earth sciences. Major developments in space technology were due to the Cold War between the US and Russia. The top 10 countries in space technology are the US, Russia, China, France, India, UK, Japan, South Korea, Iran, and Israel. The document focuses on space technology in India, which has grown through ISRO. ISRO has achieved numerous milestones like developing satellite launch vehicles and launching satellites and missions to study the moon and Mars. India hopes to become a global leader in space technology in the future.
1) ISRO is India's space agency headquartered in Bengaluru. It aims to use space technology for national development and space science research.
2) The Indian space program was started in the 1960s under Dr. Vikram Sarabhai and had three elements - satellites, space transportation systems, and application programs.
3) Key achievements include the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment, developing the first Indian spacecraft Aryabhata, and the successful Mars Orbiter Mission that made India the first nation to reach Mars on its first attempt.
Space research involves scientific studies carried out in outer space using scientific equipment. It includes various disciplines like Earth science, materials science, biology, medicine, and physics. Space research emerged after World War II based on advancing rocket technology and includes fields like earth observations, geodesy, space physics, planetology, astronomy, materials sciences, life sciences, and physics. Some notable space research missions and satellites include the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite, International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory, Hubble Space Telescope, Salyut 1, Skylab, and Mir space stations. India has also made significant contributions to space research through organizations like ISRO.
The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also known as Mangalyaan, is India's first interplanetary mission, which aims to demonstrate technologies required for designing and operating an orbiter mission to Mars. Launched in 2013 aboard a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle from Sriharikota, India, MOM entered orbit around Mars in 2014, making India the first Asian nation to reach Mars. The mission carries scientific instruments to study the Martian surface, atmosphere and climate. If successful, MOM will make India the fourth space agency to place a spacecraft in orbit around Mars.
(ISRO)-The Indian Space Research Organisation_ (Chandrayaan-3).pdfhowale41
Chandrayaan-3 was anticipated to be India's third lunar exploration mission following Chandrayaan-1 and Chandrayaan-2. It was expected to focus solely on a lander and rover, omitting the orbiter from Chandrayaan-2 since it was still operational. The goal of Chandrayaan-3 would be to achieve a successful soft landing on the Moon and further explore the lunar surface, building on lessons learned from Chandrayaan-2 where the lander faced challenges during descent. For Chandrayaan-3 to succeed, it would need to utilize reliable launch vehicles, precisely designed spacecraft equipped for soft landings and scientific exploration, and effective communication systems.
The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also called Mangalyaan, is a spacecraft orbiting Mars that was launched by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) in November 2013. It is India's first interplanetary mission and made ISRO the fourth space agency to reach Mars. The primary objective was to demonstrate India's technological capability to design, plan and manage an interplanetary mission. It also carried scientific instruments to study Mars' surface features, morphology, mineralogy and atmosphere. Mangalyaan successfully entered Mars' orbit in September 2014 and continues to transmit data, making it one of the least expensive Mars missions to date.
India has a robust space program with capabilities including launching satellites for earth observation, communications, navigation, and deep space exploration. Key accomplishments include launching Chandrayaan-1 to the moon in 2008, 100 successful space missions including foreign satellite launches, and plans for future missions such as Chandrayaan-2 and the Mars Orbiter Mission. India has established infrastructure like satellite development and launch facilities, tracking networks, and participates in international cooperation on projects.
India has a robust space program with capabilities including satellite launches, earth observation, communication systems, and interplanetary missions. Key accomplishments include launching Chandrayaan-1 to the moon in 2008, 100 successful satellite launches including foreign satellites, and developing the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle launch systems. Future planned missions include Chandrayaan-2 and the development of the GSLV MkIII launch vehicle.
India has a robust space program with capabilities including satellite launches, earth observation, communication systems, and interplanetary exploration. Key accomplishments include launching Chandrayaan-1 to the moon in 2008, 100 successful satellite launches, and developing the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle launch systems. Future plans include the Chandrayaan-2 and Mars Orbiter missions. India also has international cooperation agreements and provides training to personnel from other countries.
This is a presentation on prominent space agencies across the world. It includes NASA (USA), ROSCOSMOS (Russia), ESA (European Union), JAXA (Japan), CNSA (China) and ISRO (India) with emphasis on ISRO. The information provided in the slides is as per available in public domain (2017 and before). All the space agencies and their are scientists are toiling hard for Science and Technology and betterment of humankind. No one is superior or inferior. We must praise and congratulate these space agencies and several other agencies (directly and indirectly pertaining to space who are developed or in development process) whenever possible.
India's space program began in 1962 with the establishment of INCOSPAR and has since grown significantly under leaders like Vikram Sarabhai and Satish Dhawan. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) developed India's first satellite, launched its first satellite using an Indian-made rocket, and has successfully launched satellites to orbit Mars and the Moon. ISRO continues to advance India's space capabilities through the development of launch vehicles like PSLV and GSLV and setting low-cost satellite launch records.
The document summarizes India's Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), which made India the first nation to successfully reach Mars on its first attempt. MOM was launched aboard a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle on November 5, 2013. It carried scientific instruments to study the Martian atmosphere and surface. After orbit raising maneuvers, MOM was successfully inserted into Mars' orbit on September 24, 2014, making India the fourth space agency to reach Mars. The mission aims to develop technologies for interplanetary travel and explore the Red Planet's features and atmosphere.
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is India's national space agency. It was established in 1969 to advance space technology and its applications. ISRO has built and launched India's first satellite and developed launch vehicles like PSLV and GSLV to launch satellites into different orbits. Some key ISRO missions include Chandrayaan-1 to the moon in 2008, and the Mars Orbiter Mission in 2013 which made India the first nation to succeed on its maiden attempt to Mars. Future plans include human spaceflight and further planetary exploration.
NAVIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation)Mohan Kanni
A small presentation on NAVIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation) on what it consists of and its uses to the country from an ordinary person to commercial business and Military usage For National Security Purposes. Having a Indigenous Navigation system is Vital to country like India due to various prospects.
Slide Explanation Of ISRO (By Kalyanam Kiran)Kalyanam Kiran
ISRO was established in 1969 with a vision to develop space technology for India. It has since launched numerous satellites using its PSLV and GSLV rockets from Sriharikota, including earth observation, communication, navigation, and science satellites. Notable achievements include Chandrayaan-1, Mangalyaan, and launching 10 satellites at once using PSLV. ISRO aims to send humans into space with its proposed orbital vehicle, though funding issues currently threaten that program. International cooperation has helped several of ISRO's programs.
India's Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also known as Mangalyaan, is the cheapest Mars mission ever at a cost of about $74 million. It was developed and launched in just 15 months and involves sending an orbiter craft to orbit Mars and study its surface features and atmosphere. The mission aims to demonstrate India's technological capability to design, plan and manage deep space missions.
India's space program began in 1962 with the establishment of INCOSPAR, which set up TERLS for atmospheric research under Dr. Vikram Sarabhai's leadership. INCOSPAR was later superseded by ISRO in 1969, which Sarabhai guided to provide space services and develop technologies independently. Throughout the years, ISRO has upheld its mission of bringing space applications to benefit the public and nation, becoming one of the six largest space agencies worldwide.
Department of Space, Government of India - Year End Review 2014D Murali ☆
The document summarizes the successes of the Department of Space in India during 2014, including the successful launch of satellites and launch vehicles. Some key events mentioned include:
1) The successful launch of GSLV-D5 carrying the GSAT-14 satellite in January 2014, using an indigenous cryogenic engine.
2) The successful launches of the second and third satellites (IRNSS-1B and IRNSS-1C) for India's regional navigation system IRNSS.
3) India's Mars Orbiter successfully entered orbit around Mars in September 2014, making ISRO the fourth space agency to orbit Mars.
Space exploration involves the ongoing discovery and exploration of celestial structures through advancing space technology. It is conducted by astronomers using telescopes as well as robotic and human spaceflight. Fundamental benefits of space exploration include generating new scientific and technological knowledge with applications on Earth. India's space program has made progress starting with experimental satellites and now provides operational services through INSAT and remote sensing satellites. ISRO has successfully developed launch vehicles and placed satellites in orbit, collaborating with Indian institutions and private industries.
India has made major contributions to satellite technology over the past several decades. It launched its first satellite, Aryabhata, in 1975. Since then it has developed several launch vehicles including SLV, ASLV, PSLV, and GSLV to carry satellites into orbit. India has launched over 300 of its own satellites for earth observation, communications, navigation, space science, and technology demonstrations. Some of India's notable space achievements include launching Mars Orbiter Mission, developing scramjet engines, and planning its second lunar mission, Chandrayaan-2. India has emerged as a leading low-cost provider of launch services for other countries and aims to further develop its space technologies.
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1) ISRO is India's space agency headquartered in Bengaluru. It aims to use space technology for national development and space science research.
2) The Indian space program was started in the 1960s under Dr. Vikram Sarabhai and had three elements - satellites, space transportation systems, and application programs.
3) Key achievements include the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment, developing the first Indian spacecraft Aryabhata, and the successful Mars Orbiter Mission that made India the first nation to reach Mars on its first attempt.
Space research involves scientific studies carried out in outer space using scientific equipment. It includes various disciplines like Earth science, materials science, biology, medicine, and physics. Space research emerged after World War II based on advancing rocket technology and includes fields like earth observations, geodesy, space physics, planetology, astronomy, materials sciences, life sciences, and physics. Some notable space research missions and satellites include the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite, International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory, Hubble Space Telescope, Salyut 1, Skylab, and Mir space stations. India has also made significant contributions to space research through organizations like ISRO.
The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also known as Mangalyaan, is India's first interplanetary mission, which aims to demonstrate technologies required for designing and operating an orbiter mission to Mars. Launched in 2013 aboard a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle from Sriharikota, India, MOM entered orbit around Mars in 2014, making India the first Asian nation to reach Mars. The mission carries scientific instruments to study the Martian surface, atmosphere and climate. If successful, MOM will make India the fourth space agency to place a spacecraft in orbit around Mars.
(ISRO)-The Indian Space Research Organisation_ (Chandrayaan-3).pdfhowale41
Chandrayaan-3 was anticipated to be India's third lunar exploration mission following Chandrayaan-1 and Chandrayaan-2. It was expected to focus solely on a lander and rover, omitting the orbiter from Chandrayaan-2 since it was still operational. The goal of Chandrayaan-3 would be to achieve a successful soft landing on the Moon and further explore the lunar surface, building on lessons learned from Chandrayaan-2 where the lander faced challenges during descent. For Chandrayaan-3 to succeed, it would need to utilize reliable launch vehicles, precisely designed spacecraft equipped for soft landings and scientific exploration, and effective communication systems.
The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also called Mangalyaan, is a spacecraft orbiting Mars that was launched by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) in November 2013. It is India's first interplanetary mission and made ISRO the fourth space agency to reach Mars. The primary objective was to demonstrate India's technological capability to design, plan and manage an interplanetary mission. It also carried scientific instruments to study Mars' surface features, morphology, mineralogy and atmosphere. Mangalyaan successfully entered Mars' orbit in September 2014 and continues to transmit data, making it one of the least expensive Mars missions to date.
India has a robust space program with capabilities including launching satellites for earth observation, communications, navigation, and deep space exploration. Key accomplishments include launching Chandrayaan-1 to the moon in 2008, 100 successful space missions including foreign satellite launches, and plans for future missions such as Chandrayaan-2 and the Mars Orbiter Mission. India has established infrastructure like satellite development and launch facilities, tracking networks, and participates in international cooperation on projects.
India has a robust space program with capabilities including satellite launches, earth observation, communication systems, and interplanetary missions. Key accomplishments include launching Chandrayaan-1 to the moon in 2008, 100 successful satellite launches including foreign satellites, and developing the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle launch systems. Future planned missions include Chandrayaan-2 and the development of the GSLV MkIII launch vehicle.
India has a robust space program with capabilities including satellite launches, earth observation, communication systems, and interplanetary exploration. Key accomplishments include launching Chandrayaan-1 to the moon in 2008, 100 successful satellite launches, and developing the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle launch systems. Future plans include the Chandrayaan-2 and Mars Orbiter missions. India also has international cooperation agreements and provides training to personnel from other countries.
This is a presentation on prominent space agencies across the world. It includes NASA (USA), ROSCOSMOS (Russia), ESA (European Union), JAXA (Japan), CNSA (China) and ISRO (India) with emphasis on ISRO. The information provided in the slides is as per available in public domain (2017 and before). All the space agencies and their are scientists are toiling hard for Science and Technology and betterment of humankind. No one is superior or inferior. We must praise and congratulate these space agencies and several other agencies (directly and indirectly pertaining to space who are developed or in development process) whenever possible.
India's space program began in 1962 with the establishment of INCOSPAR and has since grown significantly under leaders like Vikram Sarabhai and Satish Dhawan. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) developed India's first satellite, launched its first satellite using an Indian-made rocket, and has successfully launched satellites to orbit Mars and the Moon. ISRO continues to advance India's space capabilities through the development of launch vehicles like PSLV and GSLV and setting low-cost satellite launch records.
The document summarizes India's Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), which made India the first nation to successfully reach Mars on its first attempt. MOM was launched aboard a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle on November 5, 2013. It carried scientific instruments to study the Martian atmosphere and surface. After orbit raising maneuvers, MOM was successfully inserted into Mars' orbit on September 24, 2014, making India the fourth space agency to reach Mars. The mission aims to develop technologies for interplanetary travel and explore the Red Planet's features and atmosphere.
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is India's national space agency. It was established in 1969 to advance space technology and its applications. ISRO has built and launched India's first satellite and developed launch vehicles like PSLV and GSLV to launch satellites into different orbits. Some key ISRO missions include Chandrayaan-1 to the moon in 2008, and the Mars Orbiter Mission in 2013 which made India the first nation to succeed on its maiden attempt to Mars. Future plans include human spaceflight and further planetary exploration.
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ISRO was established in 1969 with a vision to develop space technology for India. It has since launched numerous satellites using its PSLV and GSLV rockets from Sriharikota, including earth observation, communication, navigation, and science satellites. Notable achievements include Chandrayaan-1, Mangalyaan, and launching 10 satellites at once using PSLV. ISRO aims to send humans into space with its proposed orbital vehicle, though funding issues currently threaten that program. International cooperation has helped several of ISRO's programs.
India's Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also known as Mangalyaan, is the cheapest Mars mission ever at a cost of about $74 million. It was developed and launched in just 15 months and involves sending an orbiter craft to orbit Mars and study its surface features and atmosphere. The mission aims to demonstrate India's technological capability to design, plan and manage deep space missions.
India's space program began in 1962 with the establishment of INCOSPAR, which set up TERLS for atmospheric research under Dr. Vikram Sarabhai's leadership. INCOSPAR was later superseded by ISRO in 1969, which Sarabhai guided to provide space services and develop technologies independently. Throughout the years, ISRO has upheld its mission of bringing space applications to benefit the public and nation, becoming one of the six largest space agencies worldwide.
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The document summarizes the successes of the Department of Space in India during 2014, including the successful launch of satellites and launch vehicles. Some key events mentioned include:
1) The successful launch of GSLV-D5 carrying the GSAT-14 satellite in January 2014, using an indigenous cryogenic engine.
2) The successful launches of the second and third satellites (IRNSS-1B and IRNSS-1C) for India's regional navigation system IRNSS.
3) India's Mars Orbiter successfully entered orbit around Mars in September 2014, making ISRO the fourth space agency to orbit Mars.
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India has made major contributions to satellite technology over the past several decades. It launched its first satellite, Aryabhata, in 1975. Since then it has developed several launch vehicles including SLV, ASLV, PSLV, and GSLV to carry satellites into orbit. India has launched over 300 of its own satellites for earth observation, communications, navigation, space science, and technology demonstrations. Some of India's notable space achievements include launching Mars Orbiter Mission, developing scramjet engines, and planning its second lunar mission, Chandrayaan-2. India has emerged as a leading low-cost provider of launch services for other countries and aims to further develop its space technologies.
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2. Indian Space
Research
Organisation (ISRO)
Indian Space Research
Organisation (ISRO) is the
primary body for space research.
ISRO was establishedAugust
15, 1969.
Headquarters address:Antariksh
Bhavan, New BEL
Road, Bangalore, India
3. Introduction
• Modern space research in India is traced to the 1920s,
when scientist S. K. Mitra conducted a series of
experiments leading to the sounding of the ionosphere by
applying ground-based radio methods in Kolkata.
• Later, Indian scientists like C.V. Raman and Meghnad Saha
contributed to scientific principles applicable in space
sciences.
• However, it was the period after 1945 that saw important
developments being made in coordinated space research
in India.
• Organized space research in India was spearheaded by
two scientists: Vikram Sarabhai—founder of the Physical
Research Laboratory at Ahmedabad—and Homi Bhabha,
who established the Tata Institute of Fundamental
Research in 1945.
4. Making of ISRO
• In this view, the Indian National Committee for Space
Research (INCOSPAR) was established in the tenure of PM
Nehru under the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) in
1962.
• INCOSPAR grew and became ISRO in 1969, also under the
DAE. This was done keeping in view the urge of scientist
Vikram Sarabhai recognizing the need in space research.
• In 1972, GoI set up a Space Commission and the
Department of Space (DOS) bringing ISRO under the DOS.
• The establishment of ISRO thus institutionalized space
research activities in India. It is managed by the DOS,
which reports to the PM of India
5. Vision
The Indian space program is driven by the vision of Vikram
Sarabhai, considered the father of the Indian space program.
Throughout the years, ISRO has upheld its mission of bringing
space to the service of the common man, to the service of
the Nation.
In the process, it has become one of the six largest space
agencies in the world
8. Applications of India’s space asset
India’s space mission can be broadly categorized
into the following categories:
1. Launch vehicle fleet like PSLV, GSLV etc,
2. Satellite programs ex. INSAT,
3. Satellite Navigation program ex. IRNSSS and
NAVIC
4. Extraterrestrial exploration like Chandrayaan,
Mars Orbiter Mission
5. Human Spaceflight Programme viz. Gaganyaan
9. Applications
1) Telecommunication
India uses its satellite communication network – one of the
largest in the world – for applications such as land
management, water resources management, natural disaster
forecasting, radio networking, weather forecasting, etc.
Business, administrative services, and schemes such as the
National Informatics Centre (NIC) are direct beneficiaries of
applied satellite technology
2) Military
ntegrated Space Cell, under the Integrated Defence Staff of
the Ministry of Defence, has been set up to utilize more
effectively the country’s space-based assets for military
purposes and to look into threats to these assets.
This command leverages space technology including satellites
10. Applications
1) Telemedicine
• ISRO has applied its technology for telemedicine, directly
connecting patients in rural areas to medical professionals
in urban locations via satellites.
• Since high-quality healthcare is not universally available in
some of the remote areas of India, the patients in remote
areas are diagnosed and analyzed by doctors in urban
centers in real-time via video conferencing.
2) Biodiversity Information System
• ISRO has also helped implement India’s Biodiversity
Information System, completed in October 2002.
• Based on intensive field sampling and mapping using
satellite remote sensing and geospatial modeling tools,
maps have been made of vegetation cover on a 1: 250,000
scale.
13. Achievements
Communication Satellites
• Established in 1983 with commissioning of INSAT-1B, the Indian National Satellite
(INSAT) system is one of the largest domestic communication satellite systems in
Asia-Pacific region with nine operational communication satellites placed in
Geostationary orbit.
• t initiated a major revolution in India’s communications sector and sustained the
same later. The INSAT system provides services to telecommunications, television
broadcasting, satellite newsgathering, societal applications, weather forecasting,
disaster warning and Search and Rescue operations.
14.
15. Achievements
Earth Observation Satellites
• Starting with IRS-1A in 1988, ISRO has launched many operational remote sensing
satellites. Today, India has one of the largest constellations of remote sensing
satellites in operation.
• Varieties of instruments have been flown onboard these satellites to provide
necessary data in a diversified spatial, spectral and temporal resolutions to cater to
different user requirements in the country and for global usage.
• The data from these satellites are used for several applications covering
agriculture, water resources, urban planning, rural development, mineral
prospecting, environment, forestry, ocean resources and disaster managemen
16. Achievements
Navigation Satellites
• Satellite is an emerging satellite based system with commercial
and strategic applications. Navigation services are necessary to
meet the emerging demands of the Civil Aviation requirements
and to meet the user requirements of the positioning,
navigation and timing based on the independent satellite
navigation system.
• To meet the Civil Aviation requirements, ISRO is working jointly
with Airport Authority of India (AAI) in establishing the GPS
Aided Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) system.
• To meet the user requirements of the positioning, navigation
and timing services based on the indigenous system, ISRO is
establishing a regional satellite navigation system called Indian
Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS).
17. 104 satellites launch
India created history by successfully launching 104 satellites on a
single mission, overtaking the previous record of 37 satellites
launched by Russia in 2014.
PSLV-C37 successfully carried and deployed a record of 104 satellites
in sun-synchronous orbits.
18. Space Science & Exploration Satellites
AstroSat, was launched on September 28, 2015, by
PSLV-C30 from Sriharikota. It is the first dedicated
Indian astronomy mission aimed at studying
celestial sources in X-ray, optical and UV spectral
bands simultaneously. One of the unique features
of AstroSat mission is that it enables the
simultaneous multi-wavelength observations of
various astronomical objects with a single satellite.
19. Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM)
the Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) – launched on November 05, 2013 and
successfully inserted into Mars orbit on September 24, 2014, has
various achievements to its credit.
It is the first interplanetary mission realized by India and the first Indian
spacecraft to incorporate full-scale onboard autonomy to overcome the
long distances and the communication gaps due to non-visibility
periods.
Marking India’s first venture into the interplanetary space, MOM will
explore and observe Mars surface features, morphology, mineralogy
and the Martian atmosphere.
Further, a specific search for methane in the Martian atmosphere will
provide information about the possibility or the past existence of life on
the planet.
20.
21. Chandrayaan Mission
Chandrayaan Mission-I in 2008 – discovered the presence of water on
the surface of the Moon and turned a new chapter in the world’s
understanding of Moon.
Chandrayaan-2 which consisted of an Orbiter, Lander and Rover, was all
equipped with scientific instruments to study the moon.
However, a part of the mission failed as the Vikram lander crash-landed
on the lunar surface.
22.
23. Solar Mission
Aditya-L1 is India’s first dedicated scientific mission to study the sun.
It is meant to observe only the solar corona- the outer layers of the Sun,
extending to thousands of km above the disc (photosphere).
24. Gaganyaan Mission
in 2018, the Indian government has announced allocation of 100
billion rupees for first manned space mission, set to be launched by
2022. An unmanned test launch of the project is likely scheduled for
December 2020.
Also termed as Gaganyaan, this project is part of the government's
ambition to make India a global low-cost provider of services in
space.
The launch vehicle for this mission will carry heavy payloads into
space. For this purpose, GSLV Mk-III is being developed with
cryogenic engine.
ISRO has already tested the GSLV Mk-III with experimental crew
module (Re-entry & Recovery technology) and Crew Escape System
(CES).
A manned space mission is very difficult to launch in terms of
complexity and need of advance technology
25.
26. ISRO’s Launch Vehicles
• PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle) and GSLV (Geosynchronous
Satellite Launch Vehicle) are the satellite-launch vehicles
developed by ISRO.
• PSLV delivers the “earth-observation” or “remote-sensing”
satellites in polar orbit.
• Apart from launching the remote sensing satellites to Sun-
synchronous polar orbits, the PSLV is also used to launch the
satellites of lower mass of about 1400 Kg to the elliptical
Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO).
• It is a four-staged launch vehicle with first and third stage using
solid fuel and second and fourth stages using liquid fuel. Strap-on
motors also used with PSLV to augment the thrust.
• PSLV is classified into its various versions like core-alone version
(PSLV-CA) or PSLV-XL variants.
27. ISRO’s Launch Vehicles
• .
• GSLV delivers the communication-satellites to the
Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) of about 36000 Km
altitude.
• Two versions of the GSLV are developed by ISRO and testing
phase of third version is going on. The first version, GSLV Mk-II,
has the capability to launch satellites of mass up to 2,500 kg to
the GTO.
• GSLV MK-II is a three-staged vehicle with first stage using solid
fuel, second stage using Liquid fuel and the third stage, called
Cryogenic Upper Stage, using cryogenic engine.
28. Challenges and Opportunities in front of India's Space
Program
• india is still is a developing country with vast developmental and
security concerns. In this context it is very difficult to justify the
allocations for space missions that do not have a direct bearing
on development.
• Successful launched of MOM and a planned rover onto the moon
surely boosted the Indian space program. But India’s reliance on
satellites has created military vulnerabilities.
• An anti-satellite missile (ASAT) tested by China in 2007 has also
elevated the threat of a slow-moving arms race in space.
• DRDO is working on development of missile defense but it is
increasingly looking to partner with the United States and other
countries.
29. Challenges and Opportunities in front of India's Space
Program
• China has launched satellites for Pakistan and Sri Lanka in 2011
and 2012 respectively. This space cooperation may become
another path for China to make inroads in South Asian countries.
• During the starting of this decade India was highly critical of the
EU effort to develop a code of conduct for outer space but in last
years it has been actively engaged with the United States and the
EU in particular in discussing a code of conduct and other
safeguarding mechanisms.
• India holds the view that reliance on the integration of outer
space and cyber capabilities will only increase in future conflicts.
But now beyond the maritime domain, India has been relying on
foreign partners for many other satellite-based communications
and data services. For instance, it continues to rely on NASA for
deep space communications.
• Privatization may also allow India to increase its launch capacity,
which is currently at four to five per year while China does on
average twenty or so launches. India does not have an explicit
space policy to guide private sector participation.
30. Challenges and Opportunities in front of India's Space
Program
• ISRO also has internal constraints on its capacity to deliver.
• The announcement by U.S. President Donald Trump in June 2018
about the creation of a “space force” or a sixth branch of the
American armed forces has worried many including India. While
India is officially committed to PAROS, or the prevention of an
arms race in outer space, it is yet to formulate a credible official
response to such plans. India has yet to establish a credible space
command of its own.
• In this context China’s reaction could be much stronger than its
seemingly muted official response and it does possess a
formidable space military programme that far exceeds current
Indian capabilities.
• Globally entrepreneurs like Elon Musk and Richard Branson
began talking of space activities as independent profitable
commercial ventures that can be termed as New Space
revolution
31. Planned Missions of ISRO in the coming years
- Chandrayan-3:
a. It is expected to launch in 2021 and is a successor to the
Chandrayan-2 mission.
b. The mission will attempt a soft landing on the lunar surface and
will have Lunar lander and rover.
c. According to ISRO, the total cost of the Chandrayan-3 mission will
be more than 600 crores.
32. Planned Missions of ISRO in the coming years
LUPEX:
a. ISRO's Lunar Polar Exploration Mission in collaboration with JAXA
(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) will be launched in the year
2024.
b. The mission aims at obtaining the actual data related to the
quantity and forms of water present on the surface of the Moon to
determine the feasibility of utilizing such resources for sustainable
space exploration activities in the future.
India-Japan Moon Mission: All you need to know about the ISRO and
JAXA's joint lunar mission
33. Planned Missions of ISRO in the coming years
RISAT-1A
a. It is expected to launch in the year 2021 by ISRO.
b. It is a radar-imaging satellite and will be similar to RISAT-1 satellite
in terms of configuration.
c. It is a land-based mission for terrain mapping and analysis of land,
ocean and water surface for soil moisture.
ow
34. Planned Missions of ISRO in the coming years
NISAR:
a. NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) is expected to be
launched in the year 2022 by ISRO in collaboration with NASA (US
Space Agency).
b. It aims at studying global environmental change and natural
disasters and will be the first dual-band (L & S) radar imaging
satellite.
c. NISAR satellite is likely to be the world's most expensive Earth-
imaging satellite to date with an expected cost of $1.5 billion.
d. The mission is expected to have a life of three years.
NASA and ISRO jointly working on NISAR mission
35. Planned Missions of ISRO in the coming years
Mangalyaan-2:
a. Mars Orbiter Mission 2 (MOM 2) also called Mangalyaan 2 is
expected to launch in the year 2024.
b. It is India's second interplanetary mission to Mars by ISRO.
c. It will consist of an orbiter and may include a lander and a rover.
ISRO's Mars Orbiter captures an image of the largest moon of Mars
36. Planned Missions of ISRO in the coming years
Shukrayaan-1:
a. The inter-planetary mission is expected to launch in the year 2025
by ISRO in collaboration with CNES (National Centre for Space
Studies; French Space Agency).
b. It is a proposed mission to study the atmosphere of the planet
Venus-- the second planet from Sun and the hottest planet of our
solar system.
c. In the year 2018, India and France issued a 'Joint Vision for Space
Cooperation'.
ISRO to launch its Venus Mission in 2025, French Space Agency to
participate
37. ISRO'S COMMERCIAL WING NEW SPACE INDIA LIMITED RECEIVES ITS
FIRST ORDER
PSLV-C51, the first dedicated launch for NSIL, successfully launches
Amazonia-1 and 18 Co-passenger satellites from Sriharikota
38.
39.
40.
41.
42. Indian Missile Systems
Ballistic Missiles
Follows a ballistic trajectory to deliver one or more warheads on a
predetermined target.
• A ballistic trajectory is the path of an object that is launched but
has no active propulsion during its actual
flight (these weapons are only guided during relatively brief periods
of flight).
• Consequently, the trajectory is fully determined by a given initial
velocity, effects of gravity, air resistance,
and motion of the earth (Coriolis Force)
horter range ballistic missiles stay within the Earth's atmosphere.
• Longer-ranged intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), are
launched on a sub-orbital flight trajectory and
spend most of their flight out of the atmosphere
43.
44. Types of ballistic missiles based on range
• Short-range (tactical) ballistic missile (SRBM): Range between 300
km and 1,000 km.
• Medium-range (theatre) ballistic missile (MRBM): 1,000 km to
3,500 km.
• Intermediate-range (Long-Range) ballistic missile (IRBM or LRBM):
3,500 km and 5,500 km.
• Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM): 5,500 km +
Cruise missile
A cruise missile is a guided missile (target has to be pre-set) used
against terrestrial targets.
• It remains in the atmosphere throughout its flight.
• It flies the major portion of its flight path at approximately
constant speed.
• Cruise missiles are designed to deliver a large warhead over long
distances with high precision.
PMF IAS – Learn Smart 96
• Modern cruise missiles are capable of travelling at supersonic or
high subsonic speeds, are self-navigating,
and are able to fly on a non-ballistic, extremely low-altitude
trajectory
45. Types of cruise missiles based on speed
Hypersonic (Mach 5): these missiles would travel at least five times
the speed of sound (Mach 5). E.g.
BrahMos-II.
• Supersonic (Mach 2-3): these missiles travel faster than the speed
of sound. E.g. BrahMos.
• Subsonic (Mach 0.8): these missiles travel slower than the speed
of sound. E.g. Nirbhay
46. Integrated Guided Missile Development
Programme (IGMDP)
GMDP was conceived by Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam to enable India attain self-sufficiency in
missile technology.
PMF IAS – Learn Smart 97
• IGMDP was conceived in response to Missile Technology Control Regime that decided
to restrict access to
any technology that would help India in its missile development program.
• To counter the MTCR, the IGMDP team formed a consortium of DRDO laboratories,
industries and academic
institutions to build these sub-systems, components and materials
47. Integrated Guided Missile Development
Programme (IGMDP)
IGMDP was conceived by Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam to enable India attain self-sufficiency in
missile technology.
• IGMDP was conceived in response to Missile Technology Control Regime that decided
to restrict access to any technology that would help India in its missile development
program.
• To counter the MTCR, the IGMDP team formed a consortium of DRDO laboratories,
industries and academic institutions to build these sub-systems, components and
materials
48. Integrated Guided Missile Development
Programme (IGMDP)
IGMDP was started in 1983 and completed in March 2012.
• Keeping in mind the requirements of various types of missiles by the defence forces,
development of five
missile systems was taken up.
1. Prithvi: Short-range surface-to-surface ballistic missile (Prithivi means Earth ➔
Surface to Surface)
2. Agni: Intermediate-range surface-to-surface ballistic missile
3. Trishul: Short-range low-level surface-to-air missile
4. Akash: Medium-range surface-to-air missile (Akash means Sky ➔ Surface to Air)
5. Nag: Third generation anti-tank missile (Nag means Snake ➔ Nag slithers like a Snake
to hit a tank!)
• After its success, Agni missile program was separated from the IGMDP upon realizing
its strategic importance.
50. Anti-satellite weapons (ASAT)
• In March 2019, India successfully tested its ASAT missile.
• The ASAT missile destroyed a live satellite in Low Earth orbit (283-
kilometre).
• As per DRDO, missile was capable of shooting down targets
moving at a speed of 10 km per second at an
altitude as high as 1200 km.
51. Brahmos Missiles
Brahmos is a multiplatform i.e. it can be launched from land, air, & sea & multi
capability missile with
pinpoint accuracy that works in both day & night irrespective of the weather conditions.
• It has an indigenous booster & air frame sector, along with other sub-systems made
within the country.
• The supersonic missile is one of the prime precision-strike missiles used by all three
forces, the Army, Navy
& the Air Force.
• BRAHMOS is a joint venture between the Defence Research & Development
Organisation of India
(DRDO) & the NPOM of Russia.
• Brahmos is named on the rivers Brahmaputra & Moskva. • It operates on the "Fire &
Forgets" principle i.e it does not require further guidance after launch.
• It is supersonic cruise missile. • Brahmos is one of the fastest cruise missile currently
operationally deployed with speed of Mach
2.8, which is 3 times more than the speed of sound.
• Brahmos is the heaviest weapon to be deployed on Su-30 MKI fighter aircraft, with a
weight of 2.5
tonnes.
52. Shaurya Missile
The K Family of Missiles
The K family of missiles are primarily Submarine Launched Ballistic
Missiles (SLBMs), which have been
developed by DRDO & are named after Dr Kalam. • The
development of these naval platform launched missiles began as a
step towards completing India’s
nuclear triad — the capability of launching nuclear weapons from
land, sea & air-based assets.
PMF IAS – Learn Smart 102
• Because these missiles are to be launched from submarines, they
are lighter than their land-based counter_x0002_parts, the Agni
missiles which are medium & intercontinental range nuclear capable
ballistic missiles. • While K family are primarily submarine-fired
missiles to be fired from India’s Arihant class nuclear powered
platforms, the land & air variants of some of its members have also
been developed by the DRDO.
• .
53. The K Family of Missiles
Shaurya, whose user trial was conducted, is a land variant of short
range SLBM K-15 Sagarika, which has
a range of at least 750 kilometers.
• India has also developed & successfully tested multiple times the
K-4 missiles from the family which has a
range of 3500 km.
• It is reported that more members of K-family — reportedly to have
been codenamed K-5 & K-6 — with
ranges of 5000 & 6000 km are also under development
54.
55.
56. https://www.isro.gov.in/frequently-asked-questions
Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC), SHAR is situated at…….
(a) Bangaluru
(b) Mahendragiri
(c) Ahmedabad
(d) Sriharikota
10. What was the Chandrayan I……..
(a) An earth observation satellite
(b) Lunar Probe
(c) Navigation satellite
(d) Geo stationary satellite
57. Which of the following is NOT true about Indian space research?
(a) The first satellite launched in India was Aryabhatta.
(b) Great scientist Dr. Vikram Sarabhai is known as the father of Indian
space research.
(c) ISRO was set up in 1962.
(d) IRSO reports to Department of Space, India
7. IRNSS is a ……………..
(a) Navigation satellite
(b) Space mission
(c) MARS mission
(d) Geo stationary satellite
8. Who was the india’s first man/women in the space?
(a) Rajesh Sharma
(b) Rakesh sharma
(c) Kalpana chawla
(d) Sunita william
58. When The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was set up?
(a) 1962
(b) 1969
(c) 1972
(d) 1952
5. Where is the Headquarter of ISRO?
(a) Chandipur
(b) Bengaluru
(c) Mahendragiri
(d) Chennai
59. Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched India's first lunar
probe Chandrayaan-1 in..........
A. March 2008
B. October 2008
C. August 2009
D. October 2009
Ans. B
Explanation: Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched India's
first lunar probe Chandrayaan-1 in October 2008 and operated until
August 2009. It included a lunar orbiter and an impactor.
When ISRO was established?
A. 15 August 1959
B. 15 October 1969
C. 15 August 1969
D. 15 October 1959
Ans. C
Explanation: ISRO was established on 15 August, 1969. It is the space
agency of Government of India. It’s headquarter is in Bengaluru.
60. Name the place from where Chandrayaan-1 was launched?
A. Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota
B. ISRO Satellite Centre, Bangaluru
C. Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram
D. Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre, Thiruvananthapuram
Ans. C
Explanation: Chandrayaan-1 was launched from Vikram Sarabhai Space
Centre, Thiruvananthapuram.
The Indigenous mission Chandrayaan-2 comprises:
A. Orbiter
B. Lander
C. Rover
D. All of the above
Ans. D
Explanation: Chandrayaan-2 is totally indigenous mission which
comprises an Orbiter, Lander and Rover. When it will reach 100 km to
the lunar orbit, the Lander housing the Rover will separate from the
Orbit
61. Who is known as the missile man of India?
a) Indira Gandhi
b) R. Venkataraman
c) V.S. Arunachalam
d) Dr. Abdul Kalam
When did the ‘Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme’
(IGMDP) started?
a) 1985
b) 1970
c) 1982
d) 1952
Short range surface-to-surface missile is ______?
a) Prithvi
b) Akash
c) Trishul
d) Nag
Prithivi. Prithvi Missiles are tactical surface-to-surface short-range
ballistic missiles (SRBM)
62. Short range low-level surface-to-air missile is _______?
a) Prithvi
b) Akash
c) Trishul
d) Nag
Click here to View Answer
Answer c) Trishul.
Which missile was upgraded to a ballistic missile with different ranges?
a) Prithvi
b) Agni
c) Akash
d) Trishul
b) agni. The Agni-I, Agni-II and Agni-III missiles were developed under
the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program. (The Defence
Research and Development Organisation formally announced the
successful completion of the IGMDP after the third test of Agni-III on 7
May 2008.
63. "Twentyyearsfromnow, when spacetravel islikely to
becomemundanelike airline travel today, we don't want to
bebuying travel tickets on other people'sspacevehicles."
- Dr. G. Madhavan Nair, Chairman, ISRO
(Source: BBCArticle: “India’s growing strides in space”, 2 May 2008