Turun kauppakamarin liikennepäivä 2014 - Niklas Rönnberg

1. Working together
for a safer world
SOx and NOx Emissions Abatement,
Technology and Experience
Niklas Rönnberg
Marine Client Manager for Finland and the Baltic States

2. SOx and NOx Emissions Abatement, Technology and Experience
Air Emissions – Industry Perception
• Industry hasn’t been given enough time
• The technology isn’t there
• The technology is unproven
• Too expensive
• Ships are different
Fact or Fiction?

3. SOx and NOx Emissions Abatement, Technology and Experience
Emissions – Fuel Choice Landscape 2014
Now
Heavy Fuel Oil + Exhaust Gas
Cleaning System
Marine Gas Oil 0.1%
1st Generation Biodiesel
(availability limited – 22 Mt /
year global)
Short to Medium term
up to 10 / 15 years
Heavy Fuel Oil + Exhaust Gas
Cleaning System
LNG / Methanol / Ethane, LPG /
Other gases
Other Equivalents
Hybrid niche (Batteries)
Longer Term
15 – 30 years
2nd and 3rd generation Bio Fuels
synthetic fuels – (2020- 2030)
Other Hybrid solutions
Hydrogen
Nuclear (2030-2040?)
Abatement Technologies and Solutions

4. SOx and NOx Emissions Abatement, Technology and Experience
Air Emissions – Regulation 14 for SOx

5. SOx and NOx Emissions Abatement, Technology and Experience
SOx Emissions – What are the Costs for compliance?
Indicative example of increased annual costs, based on assumption that ship is in service 300 days per
Year with a spread of US$290/T consuming example quantities per day in service
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
10% 25% 50% 75% 100%
MillionsUS$
Time Spent Operating in ECA
120T/d
60T/d
30T/d
10T/d

6. SOx and NOx Emissions Abatement, Technology and Experience
Air Emissions – Regulation 13 for NOx

7. SOx and NOx Emissions Abatement, Technology and Experience
Technology Status for SOx and NOx abatement systems:
technologies are generally mature and established

8. SOx and NOx Emissions Abatement, Technology and Experience
Technology Status for SOx and NOx abatement systems:
application in Marine environment is different but not new
• Commercial Application of wet scrubbing – 1930’s
• Commercial application of dry scrubbing -1960’s
• Commercial application of automotive EGR – 1970’s
• Commercial application of non-thermal plasma in power plant – 1990’s
• Commercial application of large SCR in power plant – 1970’s
SCR has been in marine use since 1980’s, marine wet scrubbing has been
in development since early 2000’s
Technologies are mature and proven, whilst the marine environment is
different the treatment of exhaust gas to remove pollutants is not new

9. SOx and NOx Emissions Abatement, Technology and Experience
That the technologies are mature does not mean there are
no challenges
Technical Regulatory Contractual

10. SOx and NOx Emissions Abatement, Technology and Experience
Technical Challenges
• Integration of de-sulphurising and de-
nitrification techniques
• Back pressure management (particularly
for multi-stream installations)
• Efficient installation
• Corrosion
• Automation
• Use of noxious chemicals/substances
• Wash water conditioning and monitoring
• SCR fouling, plugging, poisoning
• Transient load operation

11. SOx and NOx Emissions Abatement, Technology and Experience
Regulatory Challenges
• IMO vs. Regional Controls
• pH plume verification
• Wash water discharge acceptability
• The nature of using simple emission limits
rather than time weighted averaging
• Micro-deviations, transient compliance
• Commissioning, Trials
• Waste disposal
• Grandfathering rights
• Societal concerns over pollution shift
• Poor understanding of NOx Technical Code

12. SOx and NOx Emissions Abatement, Technology and Experience
Contractual Challenges
• Contract specification
• Acceptability criteria
• System integration
• Performance
• Automation
• Training
• Installation
As a class society some of the disputes we
observe stem from the operator believing they
have agreed to buy “X” and signing a contract
to purchase “Y”

13. SOx and NOx Emissions Abatement, Technology and Experience
NOx Tier II
SCR EGR Emulsification
Advanced
fuel injection
Extreme Miller cycle
+ charge air
humidification +
water in fuel
Tier II dual
fuel engine
Pure gas
engine
SOx
Wet
scrubber
Dry
scrubber
Onboard
fuel Sulphur
removal
Clean fuel
(i.e. LS)
How well SOx and NOx emission control methods work together
Proven Approval needed Possible future Not applicableWith conditions

14. SOx and NOx Emissions Abatement, Technology and Experience
Questions for SOx
Are techniques that have been successfully applied since the 1930’s really
new and unproven?
What is the cost of operation on distillate relative to retrofitting or
installation from new of SOx abatement?
Is fitting an LNG or methanol fuel package and securing class and stat
approval for gas or methanol engines more or less challenging than fitting a
scrubber?

15. SOx and NOx Emissions Abatement, Technology and Experience
Sample Cost
Scenario: a Ro-Pax operating entirely within the Baltic/North Sea ECA
Fuel consumption = 20,500T/yr (22 MW Power)
Fuel Cost IFO 180cSt = US$ 8.876m (at US$433/T)
Fuel Cost MGO = US$13.981m (at US$682/T)
Difference = US$5.105m pa
Minus additional electrical load assumed at 1.5% of power + NaOH (assumed
closed loop operation) = US$4.795m pa saving
Sample EGCS retrofit price range US$5.5 – 7.5m
ROI < 2 years

16. SOx and NOx Emissions Abatement, Technology and Experience
Questions for NOx
Is it planned to use wet scrubbing and continue to utilise HFO?
What is the operating profile of their vessels?
Is fitting an LNG or methanol fuel package and securing class and stat
approval for gas or methanol engines more or less challenging than fitting
EGR or SCR or applying techniques such as emulsification?

17. SOx and NOx Emissions Abatement, Technology and Experience
So, what is the answer to SOx and NOx compliance?
• no one size fits all solution… need to
consider:
• operating patterns,
• financial modelling and
• asset status
This may mean multiple emissions
compliance strategies within a fleet
including both clean fuels and
abatement devices.
Lloyd’s Register can assist with developing tailored solutions
and ensuring successful application of emissions abatement!

18. SOx and NOx Emissions Abatement, Technology and Experience
Summary
• The technology exists, it is mature and it works, Shipping has had over six
years to prepare.
• The price differential between residual fuels and low sulphur oil (c.$300/T)
make flue gas de-sulphurisation economically attractive.
• There are challenges, these are neither insurmountable nor unduly difficult in
the context of complex engineering systems.
• The regulations which govern emissions are being tuned and the regulatory
challenges are being addressed.
• All marine diesel engines are designed for MGO.

19. Lloyd’s Register and variants of it are trading names of Lloyd’s Register Group Limited, its subsidiaries and affiliates.
Copyright © Lloyd’s Register EMEA. 2014. A member of the Lloyd’s Register group.
Niklas Rönnberg
Marine Client Manager
M +358 50 440 8630
E niklas.ronnberg@lr.org
Lloyd’s Register EMEA
Aleksanterinkatu 48 A, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
Working together
for a safer world