This Presentations intends to present a new technique of Desulphurisation, a revolutionary product to help the environment and the marine/ shore industry.

1. 1
Key pollutants from Engine:
CO2;
CO;
Particulate Matter;
Hydrocarbons (HC);
NOX;
SOX;
Environmental Pollution:
At seaAt shore
Causes:
• High Combustion T°C in cylinder
• Oxidation of S in the fuel
• Incomplete combustion of fuel and termal spliting of HC
Current Context and Challenges

2. Maritime transport has an impact on global climate and air
quality
(EU 757/2015 and EU 2072/2016 Regulation)- MRV Regulation
Obligation : Monitoring, Reporting and Verification of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions
After 1 January 2000 :
MARPOL limits NOx emitions for Diesel engines with a power output of more than 130 kW
New
Current Context and Challenges

3. 3
What about Sulphur emissions?
Outside ECA
4.50 wt % Prior to 1 Jan 2012
3.50 wt % After 1 Jan 2012
0.50 wt % After 1 Jan 2020 *
Inside ECA
1.50 wt % Prior to 1 July 2010
1.00 wt % After 1 July 2010
0.10 wt % After 1 Jan 2015
SOX Legislation Limits on Sulphur content in Marine Fuels:
Fuel Oil
Current Context and Challenges

4. 4
US regulations, specifies limits on S content in Marine Gas Oils and Marine Diesel Oils.
In Main Diesel engines, Auxiliary Diesel Engines, and Auxiliarie Boilers :
MGO and MDO
Only MGO or MDO with a maximum sulphur content 0.1% may be used
“Shipowners are sinking
under a big green wave”
Current Context and Challenges

5. 5
• Higher costs of low-sulphur HFO vs high-sulphur HFO
• Operative problems in consideration low-sulphur alternatives to HFO:
i.e: Low Sulphur Distilate Oil (LSDO)
• Will there be sufficient low-sulphur HFO available in the future?
Use low-sulphur fuel
SOX Control Technology
• Use low-sulphur fuel
• Flue Gas Desulphurisation
• Desulphurisation Techniques
• Flue Gas Desulphurisation
• Wet scrubbing
• Spray-dry scrubbing
• Wet sulfuric acid
• SOX Flue gas desulphurisation
• Dry sorbent injection
Disadvantages
Current Context and Challenges

6. 6
High-Sulphur HFO Low-Sulphur HFO
310 $/ ton (290,6 €/ton) 480 $/ ton (449,9€/ton)
≈160 €/ton
≠
Ex: If a Ship processes 4 ton/h of HFO  35040 ton/year of HFO
High S, HFO price: 10,18 M€/year Low S, HFO price: 15,77 M€/year
Significant investment!
Worth considering Desulphurization Techniques!
Current Context and Challenges

7. 7
 Regarding operational safety and the ship itself, engines,
pumps, boilers and boiler burners should be properly
adjusted for the maintenance and burning of LSDO;
 Modification of the installations are necessary due to the
requirement to use such fuels;
 Ship owners and manufacturers of marine engines have
limited experience using low sulphur oil fuels;
Operative problems facing low-sulphur alternatives to HFO
What if we could still use HFO with lower Sulphur content?
Current Context and Challenges

8. 8
SOX Control Technology:
• Use low-sulphur fuel
• Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD)
• Desulphurisation Techniques
Desulphurisation Techniques
Commonly used Techniques…
 Hydrodesulfurization (HDS)
 Oxidative Desulphurisation (ODS)
 Ultrasound-Assisted Oxidative Desulphurisation (UAOD)
New and better
Desulphurisation Solutions

9. 9
Conventional Methods (HDS, ODS, UAOD)
HDS ODS UAOD
Conversion of limited sulphur organic
compounds
Hydroperoxide oxidize free and molecular
sulphur to its oxides form easier to
remove from fuel;
Advantageous to associate with the oxidation
process an ultrasound system (High sulfur
removal rate ≈ 99.90%)
Aromatic and cyclic compounds can
hardly be removed
The Peroxide, is expensive and also
potentially dangerous;
Combining the fuel with the oxidizing agent
and applying ultrasound to increase the
reactivity of the species in the blend.
Dangerous operational conditions
Allows to remove suphur compounds
resistent to HDS, due to oxidation step;
Operates at ambient temperature and
atmospheric pressure
Expensive catalysts and equipment
Don´t require as much termal energy as
HDS, being compatible with smaller
processing units in terms of capacity;
Solid catalyst -Regulate the activity of the OH
radical
Risk of leakage of Hydrogen
Don´t require the addition of H2 Phase transfer agent (PTA): to accelerate the
conversion of sulfides to sulfones
Only applied for high production
capacity factories
Allow to work with more reasonable
operatory conditions
Involves a step of S/L extraction or L/L
extraction to separate sulfones from the fuel
Desulphurisation Solutions

10. 10
Tecnoveritas Desulphurisation Technique
Advantages of Innovation
With the advantages of UAOD and much more…
 Uses a higher oxidative potential agent, produced in situ and cleaner;
 The produced oxidant assures a more eficient oxidation of the sulphur compounds;
 The combined effect of ultrassounds and the new oxidante oxidizes more
efficientely the sulphur compounds, which are easier to remove;
 Allows to obtain a low sulphur treated HFO that can be used for maritime
aplications but not restricted to it;
 Process able to be implemented aboard ships, allowing them to burn fuel with the
appropriate Sulphur content. By-products can be treated as oily waste by dedicated
on-board systems and dispensed in the usual way.

11. 11
Tecnoveritas Desulphurisation Technique
With the advantages of UAOD and much more…
 All the reagents used in the process can be recovered with high yield;
 The reagentes used are easy to obtain, have a low price, and are in liquid state;
 After the treatment the fuel maintain its desirable properties;
 Can be used for industrial or maritime applications;
 The yield of the process and its steps are a function of the characteristics of the fuel;
 Can be easily adapted to different production capacities;
Advantages of Innovation

12. 12
Tecnoveritas Desulphurisation Technique
Process Description
Reactor
Fuel High %S
H2O
Liquid Catalyst
In situ Oxidant
Sonication
Sulphones
Extraction
(n-Cycles)
Phase Transfer Agent (PTA)
Centrifugue
Fuel Low %S
H2OH2O
Catalyst
PTA
Sulphones
Recovery
Sludge
TK
The unit can be operated in-line or in a batch arrangement
ENERMULSION

13. 13
Economic Advantage:
• Oxidant agent produced on the process. No need to add external compounds;
• Process does not require significat amounts of energy (low production cost);
• Reagents used are not expensive and easy to obtain;
• Uses low temperatures and low pressures (comparing to HDS for exemple);
Tecnoveritas Desulphurisation Technique
Strenghts of Innovation
Security Advantage:
• The developed process doesn´t present any harm in terms of storage and
Handling;
• Reasonable operative conditions;
Environmental Advantage:
• Process compatible with low flow, it can be implemented aboard ships,
allowing them to burn fuel with the appropriate content of S. By-products
can be treated as oily residues by dedicated on-board systems and
dispensed in the usual way.

14. 14
Tecnoveritas Desulphurisation Technique
Target Market and Applications
• Petroleum industry;
• Waste treatment and recovery of fuels;
• Fuel producers;
• Global industries that use Heavy Fuel in their activities and systems/installations;
• Naval sector.
Can be used on a global scale, with special interest in countries with seaports.
Can be applied within the industrial and maritime sectors, as an alternative to other
conventional desulphurisation solutions, delivering greater economic, energetic,
operational/safety and environmental advantages.

15. 15
Tecnoveritas Desulphurisation Technique
Economic Viability
• For instance, considering an installation that processes 4 tons of fuel per hour, the
estimated investment is recovered in about 184 days. About 52.2% of Payback
corresponds to the Operating Expenses index.
• The calculations were made taking into account the current fuel prices, assuming a
central / vessel utilization factor of 80% , Including the cost of maintaining the
desulphurisation plant.

16. 16
Your Challenge. Our Solution.
offers
 Revolutionary product developed by a national company;
 Solution to solve a global problem of harmful emissions to the environment;
 Numerous advantages comparing to conventional desulphurization techniques;
 High applicability at worldwide level (high target market and diversity of customers;
 Industrial and maritime applications with a wide range of process opportunities.

17. 17
ARE FUEL EMISSIONS A PROBLEM?
TECNOVERITAS HAS THE SOLUTION
Please contact us for further information:
http://www.tecnoveritas.net/pt
Your Challenge. Our Solution.