This document discusses several key concepts related to cloud computing: - Resiliency refers to redundant IT resources distributed across physical locations or clouds to provide failover if one becomes unavailable. - Cloud provisioning involves allocating cloud provider resources to customers through advance, dynamic, or self-provisioning. - MapReduce is a framework for processing large datasets in parallel across distributed systems, with Map and Reduce functions.

1. Submitted By: Submitted To.
Ms. Sonu Bhatt Mr. Hemant Sahu
MCA 5th Sem.(3rd Year) Assoc.Prof.&Head
Of MCA Department
7/24/2014

2. Resiliency
Resilient computing is a form of failover that distributes redundant
implementations of IT resources across physical locations.
 IT resources can be pre-configured so that if one becomes
deficient, processing is automatically handed over to another
redundant implementation.
 Within cloud computing, the characteristic of resiliency can refer to
redundant IT resources within the same cloud (but in different
physical locations) or across multiple clouds.

3.  Cloud consumers can increase both the reliability
and availability of their applications by leveraging
the resiliency of cloud-based IT resources.
Figure 1 - A resilient system
in which Cloud B hosts a
redundant implementation of
Cloud Service A to provide
failover in case Cloud Service
A on Cloud A becomes
unavailable.

4.  Cloud provisioning is the allocation of a cloud
provider's resources to a customer.
When a cloud provider accepts a request from a customer, it must
create the appropriate number of virtual machines (VMs) and allocate
resources to support them. The process is conducted in several
different ways: advance provisioning, dynamic provisioning and user
self-provisioning. In this context, the term Provisioning simply means
" to provide."

5.  With advance provisioning, the customer
contracts with the provider for services and
the provider prepares the appropriate
resources in advance of start of service. The
customer is charged a flat fee or is billed on a
monthly basis.

6.  With dynamic provisioning, the provider
allocates more resources as they are needed
and removes them when they are not. The
customer is billed on a pay-per-use basis.
When dynamic provisioning is used to create
a hybrid cloud, it is sometimes referred to as
cloud bursting.

7.  With user self-provisioning (also known as
cloud self-service), the customer purchases
resources from the cloud provider through a
web form, creating a customer account and
paying for resources with a credit card. The
provider's resources are available for
customer use within hours, if not minutes.

8.  Hardware, software and digital assets can be
managed from within the cloud. For example,
suppliers offer the ability to view and manage
your company's PCs - whether connected to
your own internal network or not - and judge
whether they're security compliant or need a
software upgrade.

9.  MapReduce is a software framework that
allows developers to write programs that
process massive amounts of unstructured
data in parallel across a distributed cluster of
processors or stand-alone computers.
MapReduce is a programming model introduced by Google for
processing and generating large data sets on clusters of computers.

10. The MapReduce framework has two parts:
 A function called "Map," which allows
different points of the distributed cluster to
distribute their work
 A function called "Reduce," which is designed
to reduce the final form of the clusters’
results into one output

11.  The MapReduce framework is fault-tolerant
because each node in the cluster is expected
to report back periodically with completed
work and status updates.
 If a node remains silent for longer than the
expected interval, a master node makes note
and re-as
 implementations of MapReduce are available
in a variety of programming languages,
including Java, C++, Python, Perl, Ruby, C#
and C. signs the work to other nodes.

13.  The business benefit of cloud governance is
rather easy to define. It includes meshing the
value of cloud governance with the value of
leveraging cloud computing in general. Thus,
this is a driver of the core benefits of cloud
computing, including faster time to market,
operational cost savings, the ability to
expand elastically, and the ability to better
secure and control your business assets.

14.  As we move from simple, single cloud
solutions, to complex multicloud
implementations, the need for governance
becomes much more apparent. Indeed, the
tipping point of resources and services under
management is easily reached, and processes
and automated governance tools are
required.

15.  While the benefits of governance are clear,
leveraging cloud governance requires some
initial planning around the use of this
technology, including understanding your
own requirements and mapping them to the
right cloud governance solution.