Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g. networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. It allows users to access technology-based services from the internet without knowledge of, expertise in, or control over the underlying technology infrastructure. Potential advantages of cloud computing include scalability, flexibility, and reduced capital and operating expenses. However, issues like regulatory compliance, security, and availability must be addressed for successful deployment.

1. Cloud computing
ALTANAI BISHT .
BTECH IT ,II YR
VELTECH MULTITECH DR Rangarajan DR Sakunthala
ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Abstract
“Cloud computing is a paradigm shift that enables scalable processing and storage
over distributed, networked commodity machines. Enterprises that want to reap the
benefits of cloud computing must realize that the decision to migrate is neither quick nor
easy. This paper provides a basic overview of cloud technology and reviews several
deployment options that can be described as instantiations of the cloud. Potential
advantages of using cloud computing—including scalability, flexibility, and reduced
capital and operating expenses—are reviewed, as are hurdles to successful deployment.
The latter include regulatory, performance, security, and availability issues. “
Introduction
Contents
• Introduction
• Influence on IT
concern
• Variations with other
computing
• Characteristics
• Effeciency
• Criticism
• Conclusion

2. Cloud computing is a paradigm of
computing in which dynamically
scalable and often virtualized resources
are provided as a service over the
Internet. Users need not have knowledge
of, expertise in, or control over the
technology infrastructure in the "cloud"
that supports them.
Components of cloud computing:
1. Infrastructure as a service
(IaaS)
2.Platform as a service (PaaS)
3.Software as a service (SaaS)
Cloud computing
services often provide common
business applications online that
are accessed from a web browser,
while the software and data are
stored on the servers.
INFLUENCE ON IT CONCERNS
Cloud computing has become a major
force for change in how web design,
configure, provision, and manage IT
infrastructure. Instead of custom-
provisioning individual systems or
clusters, an architect or administrator is
expected to have hundreds, or even
thousands of resources under their
control. A variety of approaches have
emerged to do this.
On one hand, services such as Amazon's
SimpleDBor Goggle’s App Engine
completely abstract the infrastructure
away from the developer, outsourcing it
to Amazon and Google, respectively.
On the other hand, Amazon's Elastic
Compute Cloud (EC2) provides a raw
interface to provisioning and managing
Linux instances.
The reason for such disparity and
confusion is that the Cloud is multi-
disciplinary. It straddles the areas of
virtualization, IT management,
clustering, Services-Oriented
Architecture (SOA), and Web
Architecture, with the overall goal of
providing easily accessible interfaces for
using and manipulating infrastructure.
VARIATIONS WITH OTHER
COMPUTINGS
Grid computing
"A form of distributed computing
whereby a 'super and virtual computer' is
composed of a cluster of networked,
loosely coupled computers, acting in
concert to perform very large tasks".
Utility computing
“The packaging of computing
resources, such as computation and
storage, as a metered service similar to a
traditional public utility such as
electricity”.

3. Autonomic computing
"Computer systems capable of self-
management".
Many cloud computing deployments as
of 2009 depend on grids, have
autonomic characteristics, and bill like
utilities—but cloud computing tends to
expand what is provided by grids and
utilities. Some successful cloud
architectures have little or no centralized
infrastructure or billing systems
whatsoever, including peer-to-peer
networks such as BitTorrent and Skype.
Furthermore, many analysts are keen to
stress the evolutionary, incremental
pathway between grid technology and
cloud computing, tracing roots back to
application service providers (ASPs) in
the 1990s and the parallels to SaaS, often
referred to as applications on the cloud.
Characteristics
Cloud computing customers do not
generally own the physical infrastructure
serving as host to the software platform
in question. Instead, they avoid capital
expenditure by renting usage from a
third-party provider. They consume
resources as a service and pay only for
resources that they use. Many cloud-
computing offerings employ the utility
computing model, which is analogous to
how traditional utility services (such as
electricity) are consumed, while others
bill on a subscription basis. Sharing
"perishable and intangible" computing
power among multiple tenants can
improve utilization rates, as servers are
not unnecessarily left idle (which can
reduce costs significantly while
increasing the speed of application
development). A side effect of this
approach is that overall computer usage
rises dramatically, as customers do not
have to engineer for peak load limits.
Additionally, "increased high-speed
bandwidth" makes it possible to receive
the same response times from
centralized infrastructure at other sites.
Efficiency
Cloud computing users can avoid
capital expenditure (CapEx) on
hardware, software, and services when
they pay a provider only for what they
use. Consumption is usually billed on a
utility (e.g. resources consumed, like
electricity) or subscription (e.g. time
based, like a newspaper) basis with little
or no upfront cost. A few cloud
providers are now beginning to offer the
service for a flat monthly fee as opposed
to on a utility billing basis. Other
benefits of this time sharing style
approach are low barriers to entry,
shared infrastructure and costs, low
management overhead, and immediate
access to a broad range of applications.
Users can generally terminate the
contract at any time (thereby avoiding
return on investment risk and
uncertainty) and the services are often
covered by service level agreements
(SLAs) with financial penalties.
Although companies might be able to
save on upfront capital expenditures,
they might not save much and might
actually pay more for operating
expenses. In situations where the capital
expense would be relatively small, or
where the organization has more
flexibility in their capital budget than
their operating budget, the cloud model
might not make great fiscal sense. Other
factors impacting the scale of any

4. potential cost savings include the
efficiency of a company’s data center as
compared to the cloud vendor’s, the
company's existing operating costs, the
level of adoption of cloud computing,
and the type of functionality being
hosted in the cloud.
Architecture
The majority of cloud computing
infrastructure, as of 2009, consists of
reliable services delivered through data
centers and built on servers with
different levels of virtualization
technologies. The services are accessible
anywhere that provides access to
networking infrastructure. Clouds often
appear as single points of access for all
consumers' computing needs.
Commercial offerings are generally
expected to meet quality of service
(QoS) requirements of customers and
typically offer SLAs. Open standards are
critical to the growth of cloud
computing, and open source software
has provided the foundation for many
cloud computing implementations.
Criticism
Because cloud computing does not allow
users to physically possess the storage of
their data (the exception being the
possibility that data can be backed up to
a user-owned storage device, such as a
USB flash drive or hard disk), it does
leave responsibility of data storage and
control in the hands of the provider.
Responsibility for backup data, disaster
recovery and other static "snapshots" has
been a long-standing concern for both
outsourced as well as resident IT
systems. Additional issues are raised
around process (methods, functions,
transactions, etc.) visibility and
transportability given the more complex
nature of cloud and web service systems.
Organizations that rely upon these
systems and services now have to
consider the additional responsibility to
be able to understand the services being
offered (transforms) in order to be able
to react to changes in contracted
services, compatibility to competing
services, and be able to perform their
fiduciary responsibility for business
continuity (disaster recovery,
interruption of service) and business
agility (ability to engage competitive
services with least impact to operations).
QoS (Quality of Service), SLAs (Service
Level Agreements) and other parametric
behaviors need to be specified as well as
monitored for compliance. Although this
is a new area, tested patterns for service
delivery can be adapted to allow for
monitoring and quality control.
Conclusion
The revolution of cloud
computing has created a great effect in
the field of internet and the service to the
naïve users has also improved a lot on
both quality and efficiency. The
expenditure to the IT companies has also
brought down due to the cloud
computing. In future the service can be
improved to over come its current
defects.
References
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5. b. http://static.toodoc.com/da
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arehousing
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warehousing

6. b. http://static.toodoc.com/da
tamining
c. http://ezinearticles.com/w
arehousing
d. http://howstuffworks.com/
warehousing