This document provides an overview of a seminar presented on Red Hat Linux and NIS servers. It discusses key topics like the history and features of Linux, an overview of the Linux kernel and file system, Linux shells, users and permissions, RAID and LVM concepts, and configurations for common Linux server types including NIS, NFS, DNS, DHCP, FTP, SSH, Telnet, SMTP, Samba, and Apache web servers. Screenshots are also included to demonstrate aspects of the configurations.

1. A
SEMINAR
ON
“REDHAT LINUX & NIS
SERVER”
PRESENTED TO :
HEAD, DEPTT. OF MCA
 PRESENTED BY :
 Priyanka bhadoriya

2. ABOUT LINUX
Linux was originally built by Linus
Torvalds at the University of Helsinki in
1991.
Linux is a Unix-like, Kernel-based, fully
memory-protected, multitasking operating
system
It runs on a wide range of hardware from
PCs to Macs.

3. FEATURES OF LINUX
 Linux is “OPEN SOURCE".
 Security
 Multi-user facility
 Free of Cost
 Virus-proof
 Choice of user-decided GUI
 Supports multiple copies of the Kernel

4. KERNEL OVERVIEW
 Kernel is the core of the Linux Operating
System. Kernel controls all hardware, enforce
security, and allocate memory.
 Kernel Duties:
Process Management:- scheduling, memory,
security, system
calls.
Hardware:- drivers, networking, file systems,
buffers, cache.

5. LINUX FILE SYSTEM
 /bin :- It contains all binary and executable
files.
 /sbin:- It contains all system executable and
binary files.
 /etc :- It contains all configuration files.
 /lib :- It contains the location for library
files.
 /boot:- It contains linux boot file and linux
kernel.

6.  /dev :- It contents all device files. eg.
CDROM, Harddisk.
 /var :- It contents login files and mails.
 /opt :- It contents typical location of
optional packages.
 /home:- It contents typical location for all users.
 /mnt :- It is a mount directory used to mount
CDROM , Floppy.
 /user/local:-It shows default location for
administrators.
Contd…

7. LINUX SHELL
 SHELL:- Shell is an interface between
the user and the kernel.
 TYPES OF SHELL
 bash
 sh
 nologin
 tcsh
 csh
 ksh

8. USERS,GROUPS AND
PERMISSIONS
 USERS
The concept of user accounts was created to
allow many individuals to share these precious
computing resources.
 TYPES OF USERS
Primary :- root (administrator)
Secondary :- other users

9. Contd….
 GROUPS
Sometimes users need to collaborate. This can
be accomplished by having users assigned to
groups and setting appropriate group
permissions for files or directories.
TYPES
User private group :- For private grouping.
Primary group :- By default.

10. Contd..
 PERMISSIONS
Permissions are used to restrict the files
user, files group and everyone else.
r: permission to read a file.
w: permission to write a file.
x: permission to execute a program or
change into a directory.
-: no permission

11. RAID DEVICE
 RAID (Redundant area of independent disks)
Raid Device are used to store the data in multiple storage
device simultaneously.
 TYPES OF RAID
RAID 0
RAID 1
RAID 5
RAID 6

12. LVM CONCEPT
 LVM (Logical Volume Manager)
It is a concept used by Linux to obtain the
maximum use of memory storage.
L.V.M. collects all the memory unallocated and
combines to form a volume group.
This volume group is Dynamic in size.

13. SNAPSHOT CONCEPT
 It is a new feature added in RHEL5 & RHEL5.2
 Snapshot provides the facility to save the
memory by reducing a big amount of data into a
very smaller memory space making a snap.
 We can only read the data.

14. LINUX
SERVER
CONFIGURATION

15. TYPES OF SERVERS
 NIS SERVER
 NFS SERVER
 DNS SERVER
 FTP SERVER
 DHCP SERVER
 SSH SERVER
 TELNET & XINETD SERVER
 SMTP SERVER
 SAMBA SERVER
 WEB SERVER

16. NIS SERVER
Network Information System(NIS)
NIS Server is Used to manage account &
system information on multiple system from a
central Server.
Software Required :- rpm –q portmap
rpm –q ypserv
Configuration File :- vim /etc/sysconfig/Network
vim /var/yp/Makefile
Service :- service portmap restart
service ypserv restart
service yppasswdd restart

17. SCREENSHOTS

26. NFS SERVER
 Network File Sharing (NFS)
NFS Server is used to share the directories on
the network locally or globally.
Software Required :- rpm –q portmap
rpm –q nfs-utils
Configuration File :- vi /etc/exports
Service :- service portmap start
service nfs start

27. DNS SERVER
DNS(Domain Name System)
 Resolves hostnames into IP addresses
(Forward Lookup).
 Resolves IP addresses into hostnames
(Reverse Lookup).
 Allow machines to be logically grouped by
name domains.
 Provides E-Mail routing information.

28. Contd..
 Software Required :- rpm –q bind
rpm –q bind-
utils

Configuration File :- vi /etc/named.conf
vi /var/named/*
vi /etc/rndc.*
vi /etc/resolv.conf
 Script : named
 Ports : 53(domain), 953(rndc)

29. DHCP SERVER
 DHCP : Dynamic Host Configuring Protocol,
implemented via dhcpd
 It assigns IP address for its clients.
 In a Network , A computer needs information
like
I.P. address , dns server ,gate way,
subnetmask to
communicate to other computers.
 DHCP automatically give all client computers
on

30. Contd..
Obtaining an initial address
 Client broadcasts DISCOVER to locate theClient broadcasts DISCOVER to locate the
server.server.
 Server reply with its IP.Server reply with its IP.
 Client sends REQUEST for address on theClient sends REQUEST for address on the
received IP.received IP.
 Server commits allocation & returns ACKServer commits allocation & returns ACK
containing IP, Subnet Mask, DNS, Gateway etc.containing IP, Subnet Mask, DNS, Gateway etc.

32. FTP SERVER
 File transfer protocol (FTP) is a common method of
copying files between computer systems.
 TYPES OF FTP
Regular FTP:- This is used primarily to allow specific users
to download files to their systems.
Anonymous FTP:- This is used primarily to allow any
remote user to download files to their systems.

33. Contd..
Software Required :- rpm –q vsftpd
Configuration File :- vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
Service :- service vsftpd start

34. SSH SERVER
 SSH (Secure shell server) is used to access the full
control on the remote machine on network.
Software Required :- rpm –q openssh
rpm –q openssl
rpm –q openssh-server
rpm –q openssh-clients
Configuration File :- vi /etc/ssh/sshd-config
Service :- service sshd start

35. TELNET & XINETD SERVER
 XINETD
Xinetd is a program used to start and stop a variety of
Linux data communication applications. Some of these
applications, such as TELNET, are installed by default in
Red Hat Linux.
Software Required :- rpm –q telnet
rpm –q telnet-server
Configuration File :- vi /etc/xinetd.d/telnet
vi /etc/securetty
Service :- service xinetd start

36. SMTP SERVER

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol(SMTP) is used to send or
retrieve the received mails on the network.
Based on two Services
Pop:- Post Office Protocol
imap:- Internet message acess protocol
Software Required :- rpm –q sendmail
rpm –q sendmail-cf
rpm –q m4
rpm –q make
rpm –q procmail
Configuration File :- vi /etc/mail/sendmail.cf
vi /etc/mail/access
Service :- service sendmail restart

37. SAMBA SERVER
 To share the files and directories of linux with
window or other operating system then we use
samba server.
Software Required :- rpm –q samba
rpm –q samba-common
rpm –q samba-client
Configuration File :- vi /etc/samba/smb.conf

38. Apache Web Server
 Apache is Redhat Standard Web Server
 According to Net craft Web server survey
Apache is the most widely used Web
server.
 More than 50% Web sites are hosted on Apache
Web Server
 Apache is Free.
 Apache is extremely powerful and extendable.
 Easily available with any Linux distribution.

39. Configuration Of Apache
 Packages : httpd
 Default Port Number : 80
 Configuration Directory : /etc/httpd/
 Main Configuration File :
etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
 Service Daemon : httpd

40. THANKS FOR KIND
ATTENTION….

41. QUERIES
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