This document defines and provides examples of utility programs, language processors, compilers, interpreters, and assemblers. It then discusses primary memory types like RAM and ROM. RAM is volatile memory used to temporarily store active programs and data, while ROM is non-volatile and stores permanent programs like an operating system. The document also covers binary numbering, storage vs memory, storage mediums, and defines systems software and applications software.
Computer is an electronic device which converts row data into meaningful information .It can perform many task.It work very fast and accuratc.A computer programmed device with a set of instnections of perform is spicilic task and generate result at a very high speed
Computer is an electronic device which converts row data into meaningful information .It can perform many task.It work very fast and accuratc.A computer programmed device with a set of instnections of perform is spicilic task and generate result at a very high speed
An operating system (OS) is a collection of software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for compute programs. The operating system is an essential component of the system software in a computer system. Application programs usually require an operating system to function.
Operating systems basics (Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) GUI Tools Applic...Maryam Fida
Operating systems basics
This lesson includes the following sections:
The User Interface
Running Programs
Managing Files
Managing Hardware
Utility Software
Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)
GUI Tools
Applications and the Interface
Menus
Dialog Boxes
Command-Line InterfacesIcons are pictures that represent computer resources, such as printers, documents, and programs.
You double-click an icon to choose (activate) it, for instance, to launch a program.
The Windows operating system offers two unique tools, called the taskbar and Start button. These help you run and manage programs.
Applications designed to run under one operating system use similar interface elements.
Under an OS such as Windows, you see a familiar interface no matter what programs you use.
In a GUI, each program opens and runs in a separate window—a frame that presents the program and its documents.
In a GUI, you can run multiple programs at once, each in a separate window. The application in use is said to be the active window.
An operating system (OS) is a collection of software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for compute programs. The operating system is an essential component of the system software in a computer system. Application programs usually require an operating system to function.
Operating systems basics (Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) GUI Tools Applic...Maryam Fida
Operating systems basics
This lesson includes the following sections:
The User Interface
Running Programs
Managing Files
Managing Hardware
Utility Software
Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)
GUI Tools
Applications and the Interface
Menus
Dialog Boxes
Command-Line InterfacesIcons are pictures that represent computer resources, such as printers, documents, and programs.
You double-click an icon to choose (activate) it, for instance, to launch a program.
The Windows operating system offers two unique tools, called the taskbar and Start button. These help you run and manage programs.
Applications designed to run under one operating system use similar interface elements.
Under an OS such as Windows, you see a familiar interface no matter what programs you use.
In a GUI, each program opens and runs in a separate window—a frame that presents the program and its documents.
In a GUI, you can run multiple programs at once, each in a separate window. The application in use is said to be the active window.
After this presentation you will be know about:
An Assessment
What can be assessed?
Which criteria's are helpful in choosing an assessment method?
What should we do with the information from our assessment?
Types of assessment
A number that produces a specified number when it is multiplies by itself.
OR
Square root of a number is a value that, when multiplied by itself, gives the number.
Proportion and its types, mathematics 8Nazish Jamali
After this presentation students will be able to
Define proportion
Define types of proportion
Define compound proportion
+ Exercises
After this presentation students will be able to
Define proportion
Define types of proportion
Define compound proportion
+ Exercises
After this presentation students will be able to define
Identify Base, Exponents/Indices, value
Laws of Exponents/Indices
Product law
Quotient law
Power law
Interrogating the text , Critical thinkingNazish Jamali
Subject: Critical thinking
Interrogating the text,
By the end of this Presentation the student will be able to:
Define How to questioning from texts and paragraphs
How to set outline ?
How to summarize ?
How to analyze ?
How to make more questions from any paragraph ?
Six (6) Reading Habits to Develop You in Study
Preview The Text
Annotating
Outline, Summarize, Analyze
Repetitions & Patterns
Contextualize
Compare & Contrast
Individual difference and its effects on learningNazish Jamali
Subject: Human Development
Effects of Individual Differences on Learning
After this presentation students will be able to know about:
Individual Difference
Effects of individual difference on learning
Differences in learning and thinking styles
General methods, strategy and techniques of teachingNazish Jamali
GENERAL METHODS, STRATEGY, AND TECHNIQUES OF TEACHING
subject: general method of teaching
Difference Between Methods,
Strategy
And
Techniques
Methods and Techniques of Teaching
decade of development pakistan study Presentation, The era of Ayub Khan.
After this presentation students will be able to know about :
Personal Profile of Ayub Khan.
Reforms done by Ayub Khan.
Why did Ayub Khan fall from power?
Ayub Khan:
Born on May 14, 1907 in Rehana village, near Haripur, Hazara, Pakistan.
Studied at Aligarh Muslim University.
Joined the army of the British Colonial powers in 1926.
Fought in World War II as Commissioned Officer.
In 1950, became first Pakistani to lead army as its Commander-In-Chief.
Army took control of the country in 1958 & appointed General Ayub Khan as Chief Martial Law Administrator.
Soon after, Ayub Khan declared himself as President.
Technology is negative only in the hands of people who do not realize that they are one and the same process as the universe.
tips to avoid cyber crime:
Ignore the unwanted messages or e-mails
Protect your e-identity (electronic identity)
Never store your own details on any mobile device (Secure mobile devices)
If in doubt, block
Ignore pop-ups
Only shop online on secure sites
Different site, different passwords (don’t use same key for all locks)
Lock down your FB account
Always make sure that login pages use SSL and that the login pages starts with https://
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
1. UTILITY PROGRAM
A program that performs a specific task related to the management of computer functions,
resources, or files, as password protection, memory management, virus protection, and file
compression.
It is part that is used to provide services for the hardware and software but it is not absolutely
required to run programs and, if it didn't come with the operating system, you could perhaps add
it. In other usages, a utility is an application that is very specialized and relatively limited in
capability.
Examples of some utilities are here under:
Virus scanning software
Backup software
Scandisk
Disk defragmenter
LANUAGE PROCESSOR
As, computer can understand only machine language; that’s why we need an interface between
user and computer so that both can understand its instructions.
TRANSLATOR
2. Some types of language processors and translator are here under
Compiler
Interpreter
Assembler
COMPILER
A compiler is a computer program that transforms human readable complete code of another
computer program into the machine readable code that a CPU can execute.
INTERPRETER
An interpreter is a computer program that reads the source code of another computer program
and executes that program.
Because it is interpreted line by line, it is a much slower way of running a program than one that
has been compiled but is easier for learners because the program can be stopped, modified and
rerun without time-consuming compiles.
ASSEMBLER
Assembler converts code written in assembly language into machine language. It works same
like interpreter and compiler.
The assembler program takes each program statement in the code and generates a corresponding
bit stream or pattern (a series of 0's and 1's of a given length).
4.3) PRIMARY MEMORY
The primary memory or the main memory is part of the main computer system. The processor or
the CPU directly stores and retrieves information from it. This memory is accessed by CPU, in
random fashion. That means any location of this memory can be accessed by the CPU to either
read information from it, or to store information in it.
There are two types of memory CPU
1. RAM
2. ROM
3. 1) RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)
RAM is used to store programs and data that are being used by the computer. When the
computer is turned on the RAM is empty. Data and programs can be put into RAM from either
an input device or backing store.
The data in RAM is lost when the computer is turned off so it is known as Volatile Memory. To
keep data the user must save it to backing store before the computer is turned off.
RAM is further divided in to two types
DRAM (Dynamic Random access Memory)
SRAM (Static Random access Memory)
DRAM
DRAM stands for Dynamic RAM. A type of physical memory used in most personal computers.
The term dynamic indicates that the memory must be constantly refreshed (reenergized) or it will
lose its contents. RAM is sometimes referred to as DRAM (pronounced dee-ram) to distinguish
it from static RAM (SRAM). Static RAM is faster and less volatile than dynamic RAM, but it
requires more power and is more expensive.
SRAM
SRAM stands for Static RAM. Short for static random access memory, and pronounced ess-ram.
SRAM is a type of memory that is faster and more reliable than the more common DRAM
(dynamic RAM). The term static is derived from the fact that it doesn't need to be refreshed like
dynamic RAM
2) READ ONLY MEMORY (ROM)
4. The contents of ROM are permanent. It cannot be altered by the user. The content is written onto
the ROM when it is first made. ROM keeps its contents even when the computer is turned off
and so is known as Non-Volatile Memory.
On some computers a special piece of software called the operating system is stored in ROM.
ROM is also often used in embedded systems where a small built-in computer is used to control
a device such as a washing machine. The program that controls the machine is stored on ROM.
TYPES OF ROM
ROM is further divided in to three types
PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory)
EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)
EEPROM (Electronically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)
PROM
PROMs are manufactured as blank chips on which data can be written with a special device
called a PROM programmer.
EPROM
A rewritable memory chip that holds its content without power. EPROM chips are written on an external
programming device before being placed on the mother board.
EEPROM
A rewritable memory chip that holds its content without power. EEPROMs are typically used on
circuit boards to store small amounts of instructions and data.
WHAT IS BINARY?
The binary numbering system is used by today's computers due to its simplicity in electronic
circuitry. Computer only work with two digits - 1 representing "on", and 0 representing "off" (or
1 and 0 representing "yes" or "no").
5. HOW TO MAKE BINARY
We can convert decimal function in to binary by following technique:
Example: if we want to convert 156 in to binary then we will divide it by 2.
2)156 0
2)78 0
2)39 1
2)19 1
2)9 1
2)4 0
2)2 0
2)1 1
0
0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0
1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
WHAT IS STORAGE?
A Storage Medium (media is the plural) is the physical material on which items are kept. A
storage device is the computer hardware that records and retrieves items to and from a storage
medium. Storage devices can function as sources of input and output.
When storage devices transfer items from a storage medium into memory – a process called
reading – they function as sources of input. When storage devices transfer items from memory
to a storage medium – a process called writing – they function as sources of output. Types of
storage media include floppy disks, hard disks, compact discs, tape, PC Cards and microfilm etc.
DIFFERENCE B/W MEMORY & STORAGE MEDIUM
Memory, which is composed of one or more chips on the motherboard, is a temporary holding
place for data and instructions during processing. The contents of volatile memory, such as
RAM, are lost when the power to the computer is turned off.
The contents of nonvolatile memory, such as ROM, are not lost when power is removed from
the computer.
Storage holds items such as data, instructions, and information for future use; that is, storage
holds these items while they are not being processed. Storage is nonvolatile, which means the
items in storage are retained even when power is removed from the computer. Compared to
memory, the access time (the time it takes to locate a single item) for storage is slow.
6. TYPES OF STORAGE MEDIUM
Storage medium is further divided in to three important forms.
1. Magnetic Tapes
2. Magnetic Disks
3. Optical Disks
SOFTWARE:
DEFINITION:
“A piece of software is a computer program which has been written to carry out a
particular task.”
“A set of instruction to solve a particular problem”
TYPES OF SOFTWARE
A software is usually classified as being two types
1. Systems software
2. Applications software.
7. SYSTEM SOFTWARE
Systems software controls the operation of a computer. Without systems software a computer
would not function. The most important piece of systems software is the operating system. The
operating system will perform vital tasks such as:
Managing communications between software and hardware.
Allocating computer memory to other software programs.
Allocating CPU time to other software programs.
TYPES
Operation systems
Utility program
Programming languages
Device drivers
8. APPLICATION SOFTWARE
DEFINATION:
“Application software consists of programs designed to perform specific tasks for users”.
Application software can be used as a productivity/business tool; to assist with graphics
and multimedia projects; to support home, personal, and educational activities; and to
facilitate communications.
TYPES:
Word Processor
Presentation Software
Database
Spreadsheet
Communication software
Desktop Publisher
Graphics Package