This is the talk I gave at ResearchED Scandinavia in Oslo, April 22nd, 2017.

1. Hello!

2. My name is Pedro De Bruyckere…

3. …and sorry.
(for my “flenglish”)
((aka Flemish English))

4. Twitter:
@thebandb
Website:
TheEconomyOfMeaning.com
Book:
 check

5. Some researchers are a bit upset.

6. Prof. Mehrabian

7. Is ninety-three percent of our
communication non-verbal?

8. And what
about
Gardner?

10. Guess who
thinks this could be a myth?

11. Gardner:
“A myth that irritates me is that
people place my intelligences on the
same foot- ing as learning styles.
Learning styles say something about
how people approach everything they
do. If you are good at planning,
people expect you to have a plan for
everything you do. My own research
and observations lead me to suspect
that this is a wrong assumption.“
(Gardner in 1997)

12. 2016? “Theory is outdated.”

13. Maslow:

17. An image helps to convince!
(Newman, et al., 2012)

18. An image helps
to convince!
(Newman, et al., 2012)

20. Aka: the Loch Ness Monster of Education!

21. Where does it come from?

22. Who made it?

23. Dale?

24. Bale?

25. Glaser?

26. Glasser?

27. National Training Laboratories (NTL)?

28. The form is based on one of the first
theories on multimedia learning:

29. Dale, E. (1969)

30. This is not that bad, actually.

31. But:

32. The percentages???

33. First real scientific research: 2007
Lalley and Miller, 2007

34. Conclusion: worrying wrong.
Lalley and Miller, 2007

35. Imagine it being correct:
one size fits all?

36. We wouldn’t be needing you…

37. Today:
let’s look at the slightly better.

38. 7 principles of acquisition
of new knowledge & skills.
Hattie & Yates, 2013, Brown 2012

39. 1. Learning takes time, effort, and
motivation!

40. Some say:

42. Becoming an expert
8 to 10 years.
(+/- 10.000 uren)

43. Is this really a 10.000 hours rule? No!
(oa Macnamara et al, 2014)

44. Huge differences!

46. Some people will never learn…

47. Also important:
what you do in practice!

48. Learning takes time, effort and
motivation?
(and often some kind of help…)

49. Practice isn’t enough!

50. 2. Concentration spans are short!

51. Stages taking longer than 15 min.?

52. Stages taking longer than 12 min.?

53. Don’t!

55. 3. Distributed practice
is more effective!

56. More benefit from 6 sessions,
20 minutes each…

57. …than 1 session lasting 2 hours.

58. Ebbinghaus forgetting curve

59. = spaced repetition.

60. A string of new stuff to forget…
Topic 1 Topic 2 Topic 3 Topic 4 Topic 5 Topic 6
Les 1 Les 2 Les 3 Les 4 Les 5 Les 6
Via David Didau

61. A better option?
Topic1
Topic6
Topic4
Topic3
Topic5
Topic2
1
6
4
3
5
21
12
Of…
Les 1 Les 2 Les 3 Les 4 Les 5 Les 6
Via David Didau

62. And technology can play a role!

64. Spaced repetition, combined with

65. “personalised review”
Lindsey, R. V., Shroyer, J. D., Pashler, H., & Mozer, M. C. (2014). Improving students’
long-term knowledge retention through personalized review. Psychological science,
25(3), 639-647.

66. 4. Prior knowledge is crucial!

67. Part 1: which card(s) do you need to turn
over in order to determine if this rule is
true or false:
“If a card has a vowel on one side, then it
has an even number on the other side.”

70. It’s the same!

71. Our working memory
works like a spamfilter!

72. 5. Multimedia works!

73. I’m not talking about learning styles.

74. Very popular,
NO evidence!
(Coffield, Moseley, Hall, & Ecclestone, 2004)
Kolb’s
Learning styles

75. Even worse:
differentiation for learning styles has
little to no effect!
(Hattie, 2009, 2012 and quite a lot of others)

76. Better reason: “dual channel theory”
Clarck & Mayer, 2011

77. Dual channel theory:

78. Word (in print or sound) + image =

79. Word (in print and sound) + image =

80. How to prepare a presentation?

81. K.I.S.S.
(Keep it simple, stupid)
Clarck & Mayer, 2011

82. So don’t:

84. Slightly
better:

85. 6. You need an active mind!

86. E.g.: study methods

87. The worst method?

89. Well…

90. It is ‘parking’ the knowledge and
remembering where you left it.

91. Best option?

92. Combined with spaced repetition!

93. 7. Have a vision
(but I don’t care which vision)

94. Progressive versus conservative?

95. Important issue: difficult to define.

96. Most of the time: policy-discussion.

97. Most teachers = eclectic.

98. But a school with a vision =
Experiencing a school as coherent.
Cfr Daniel Muijs

99. 7 principles of acquisition
of new knowledge & skills.

100. 1. Learning takes time, effort, and
motivation!

101. 2. Concentration spans are short!

102. 3. Distributed practice
is more effective!

103. 4. The importance of prior knowledge!

104. 5. Multimedia works!

105. 6. You need an active mind!

106. 7. Have a vision
(but I don’t care which vision)

107. And now?

108. Stay both critical and eager to learn!

109. And don’t forget:

110. Hattie, Willingham, William,
Vygotksy,… don’t know your pupils.

111. Me neither…

112. Be informed and do what they need!

113. Thank you!
@thebandb
TheEconomyOfMeaning.com
Pedro De Bruyckere