The document discusses different concepts related to solutions including mole fraction, molality, parts per million, and Henry's law. Mole fraction is defined as the ratio of moles of one component to the total moles of all components in a solution. Molality is the number of moles of solute per kg of solvent. Parts per million refers to the number of parts of a component per million parts of the solution. Henry's law states that the solubility of a gas is directly proportional to its partial pressure in the solution.
A co solvent system is one in which a water miscible or partially miscible organic solvent is mixed with water to form a modified aqueous solution. And the phenomenon called Cosolvency
cosolvents have some degree of hydrogen bond donating and or hydrogen bond accepting ability as well as small hydrocarbon regions.
The resulting solution will have physical properties that are intermediate to that of the pure organic solvent and water through the reduction of water–water interaction.
What is colligative property?
Types of colligative property
Lowering Vapour Pressure (∆P) of solutions.
Boiling point elevation.
Freezing point depression
Osmotic pressure of the solution
A co solvent system is one in which a water miscible or partially miscible organic solvent is mixed with water to form a modified aqueous solution. And the phenomenon called Cosolvency
cosolvents have some degree of hydrogen bond donating and or hydrogen bond accepting ability as well as small hydrocarbon regions.
The resulting solution will have physical properties that are intermediate to that of the pure organic solvent and water through the reduction of water–water interaction.
What is colligative property?
Types of colligative property
Lowering Vapour Pressure (∆P) of solutions.
Boiling point elevation.
Freezing point depression
Osmotic pressure of the solution
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
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We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
3. Mole fraction
● Ratio of number of moles of one component to the total number of
moles of all the components (solvent and solute) present in the
solution. It is denoted by the letter x followed by the subscript
representing the component.
Solutions Lecture- 2
4. Mole fraction
● Ratio of number of moles of one component to the total number of
moles of all the components (solvent and solute) present in the
solution. It is denoted by the letter x followed by the subscript
representing the component.
Solutions Lecture- 2
5. Mole fraction
Mole fraction of A, (xA)=
Mole fraction of B, (xB)=
nA / nA + nB
nB / nA + nB
Now , the sum of the mole fractions of solute and
solvent in binary solution is unity
xA + xB = nA / nA + nB nb/ nA + nB = 1
6. Molality (m)
The molality of a solution is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved
per 1000 g or 1kg of the solvent. It is represented by ‘m’
Solutions Lecture- 2
7. Molality (m)
The molality of a solution is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved
per 1000 g or 1kg of the solvent. It is represented by ‘m’
Solutions Lecture- 2
13. Ǫ. 1
A sample of drinking water was found to be severely contaminated with
chloroform, CHCl3, supposed to be carcinogen. The level of contamination
was 15 ppm (by mass)
(i) Express this in percent by mass.
(ii)_ Determine the molality of chloroform in the water sample.
Solutions Lecture- 2
14. Ǫ. 1
A sample of drinking water was found to be severely contaminated with
chloroform, CHCl3, supposed to be carcinogen. The level of contamination
was 15 ppm (by mass)
(i) Express this in percent by mass.
(ii)_ Determine the molality of chloroform in the water sample.
Solutions Lecture- 2
15. Ǫ. 1
A sample of drinking water was found to be severely contaminated with
chloroform, CHCl3, supposed to be carcinogen. The level of contamination
was 15 ppm (by mass)
(i) Express this in percent by mass.
(ii)_ Determine the molality of chloroform in the water sample.
Solutions Lecture- 2
16. Ǫ. 2
Concentrated nitric acid used in the laboratory work in 68% nitric acid by
mass in aqueous solution. What should be the molarity of such a sample
of the acid if the density of solution is 1.5 g mL–1 ?
Solutions Lecture- 2
17. Calculate the molarity of a solution containing 40 g of NaOH dissolved in two litre of the
solution.
Ǫ. 3
Solutions Lecture- 2
18. The mole fraction of the solute in one molal aqueous solution is
(a) 0.027
(c) 0.018
(b) 0.036
(d) 0.009
Ǫ. 4
Solutions Lecture- 2
19. The mole fraction of the solute in one molal aqueous solution is
(a) 0.027
(c) 0.018
(b) 0.036
(d) 0.009
Ǫ. 4
Solutions Lecture- 2
20. Solubility
● Solubility of a substance is its maximum amount that can dissolve
in specific amount of solvent under given set of conditions.
Solutions Lecture- 2
21. Solubility
● Solubility of a substance is its maximum amount that can dissolve
in specific amount of solvent under given set of conditions.
Solutions Lecture- 2
22. Effect of temperature
For endothermic dissolution process, solubility increase with increase in
temperature.
For exothermic dissolution process, solubility decrease with increase in
temperatre
Effect of Pressure
No significant effect since solids and liquids are highly incompressible and
practically remain unaffected by change in pressure.
23. Solubility of gases in liquids
Effect of pressure- Henry’s Law - on solubility of gases in liquids
⇒the solubility of a gas at a given temperature is directly proportional
to the pressure at which it is dissolved.
Solutions Lecture- 2
24. Solubility of gases in liquids
Effect of pressure- Henry’s Law - on solubility of gases in liquids
⇒the solubility of a gas at a given temperature is directly proportional
to the pressure at which it is dissolved.
Solutions Lecture- 2
26. Solubility of gases in liquids
Effect of pressure- Henry’s Law - on solubility of gases in liquids
Solutions Lecture- 2
27. I. Soft drinks, soda water and other carbonated beverages contains
dissolved carbon dioxide.
APPLICATIONS OF HENRY'S LAW
28. I. Anoxia - the low content of blood oxygen causes climbers to
become weak and reduces their thinking ability which are
symptoms of anoxia.
APPLICATIONS OF HENRY'S LAW
29. I. Bends - scuba divers suffer from the painful effects when they
come towards the surface
APPLICATIONS OF HENRY'S LAW
