The document provides information about the Zhitomir Solar Park project in Ukraine. It discusses that the 135 hectare site is suitable for installing around 60 MW of solar capacity with an expected annual energy yield of 1,109 kWh/kWp. The project would take 9-13 months to install and connect to the local grid. Key components would include 260-285W PV modules supplied by CNBM, combiner boxes, and 1 MW PV stations from Sungrow containing inverters and transformers.
This presentation is based on Solar power plant makes on power point by a engineering student(me).
This presentation or ppt is makes for engineering college or a engineering students also for all students.
This ppt is for project working.
in this ppt is defined light energy is converted into heat energy that means the heat is coming from sun converted into light by invertor ,battery 🔋,etc.
.......Thanks for reading.....
Project Proposal on 10 MW Solar PV Power PlantVignesh Sekar
By installing and successfully operating 10 MW photovoltaic (PV) power plants will deliver electricity for consumption by the owners, the relevant peoples in the project assessment place will be made aware of the technical and economic potential of solar power generation. Furthermore, the power required from the public grid will be reduced, and overall expenditure on electric power will be lowered & our project aims to create the necessary awareness among the population, and especially among policy-makers and large investors, Youngsters.....
This presentation is based on Solar power plant makes on power point by a engineering student(me).
This presentation or ppt is makes for engineering college or a engineering students also for all students.
This ppt is for project working.
in this ppt is defined light energy is converted into heat energy that means the heat is coming from sun converted into light by invertor ,battery 🔋,etc.
.......Thanks for reading.....
Project Proposal on 10 MW Solar PV Power PlantVignesh Sekar
By installing and successfully operating 10 MW photovoltaic (PV) power plants will deliver electricity for consumption by the owners, the relevant peoples in the project assessment place will be made aware of the technical and economic potential of solar power generation. Furthermore, the power required from the public grid will be reduced, and overall expenditure on electric power will be lowered & our project aims to create the necessary awareness among the population, and especially among policy-makers and large investors, Youngsters.....
After going through this presentation one can understand the effects undergoing on Transmission Line
Following are some effects...
1. Skin effect
2. Proximity effect
3. Ferranti effect
An Overview of Photovoltaic Systems or PV Systems. This PPT outlines what a solar systems is and what it is consisted of. From solar panels to charge controller to deep cycle batteries to the inverter.
After going through this presentation one can understand the effects undergoing on Transmission Line
Following are some effects...
1. Skin effect
2. Proximity effect
3. Ferranti effect
An Overview of Photovoltaic Systems or PV Systems. This PPT outlines what a solar systems is and what it is consisted of. From solar panels to charge controller to deep cycle batteries to the inverter.
WWICS is one of the most known Immigration consultancy which only thinks about the welfare of people. Here there was a discussion about U.K and Canada Immigration issues. There are only some people who thinks about the good of the people.
В кінці 2015 року, на запит Державного Агентства з Електронного Урядування, Київське відділення ISACA розробило кваліфікаційні вимоги до наступних ІТ професій:
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A Praposal For Installation of 10 mw solar thermal power plant.Saurabh Biswas
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Electrical Engineer with experience in implementing and supervising the electrical works with excellent organization and team working skills, field power plants, oil and gas industry, Solar plants
The Solar Roadway is a series of structurally-engineered solar panels that are driven upon. The idea is to replace all current petroleum-based asphalt roads, parking lots, and driveways with Solar Road Panels that collect energy to be used by our homes and businesses. The renewable energy generated by solar road panels will replace the current need for fossil fuel which is used for generation of electricity as also oil used for driving the vehicles which in turn reduces the greenhouse gases nearly to half. The implementation of Solar Roadways Technology will create the clean energy boom, spurring private investment on a massive scale, with relatively little extra cost. An intelligent highway infrastructure and a self-healing decentralized power grid that will eliminate our need for fossil fuels. Solar Roadways will also features wildlife preservation, the elimination of impervious surfaces, law enforcement, DUI detection, counter-terrorism, etc. It provides a decentralized, secure, intelligent, self-healing power grid which pays for itself. Today more than ever we see and feel the consequences of the climate change. From
melting ice caps, to the rising sea levels, weather changes and temperature rises, there are
more and more natural disasters that we learn about from the news. People have come up with many different kinds of methods and solutions in order to fight these changes but not many of them are as effective as needed. Thus we need to step on more complex approaches and more general and interlinked solutions for solving the pressing problems.There is, however, a technology that can help us to normalize our climate, but also help in our daily lives. We offer Smart Solar Roadways as one possible solution that can drastically change our way of living for better. Smart Solar roads combine different solutions in one – it can help us to improve energy production from solar panels, to collect and distribute rain water, to provide a digital platform for Smart city, to facilitate emerging electric cars and driver-less cars and much more! We believe that this approach can offer many additional benefits to citizens, to the environment and will contribute for sustainable development as a whole. Some may call it even the next “Industrial revolution”, we like to think of it like a better tomorrow. So it’s time to upgrade our infrastructure (especially roads & power grids) with the 21st century technology i.e.
“Solar Roadways”.
The Solar Roadway is a series of structurally-engineered solar panels that are driven upon. The idea is to replace all current petroleum-based asphalt roads, parking lots, and driveways with Solar Road Panels that collect energy to be used by our homes and businesses. The renewable energy generated by solar road panels will replace the current need for fossil fuel which is used for generation of electricity as also oil used for driving the vehicles which in turn reduces the greenhouse gases nearly to half. The implementation of Solar Roadways Technology will create the clean energy boom, spurring private investment on a massive scale, with relatively little extra cost. An intelligent highway infrastructure and a self-healing decentralized power grid that will eliminate our need for fossil fuels. Solar Roadways will also features wildlife preservation, the elimination of impervious surfaces, law enforcement, DUI detection, counter-terrorism, etc. It provides a decentralized, secure, intelligent, self-healing power grid which pays for itself. So it’s time to upgrade our infrastructure (especially roads & power grids) with the 21st century technology i.e. “Solar Roadways
Presentation to the speech President SE NNEGC “Energoatom” Yuriy Nedashkovsky...НАЕК «Енергоатом»
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"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
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The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
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Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
2. STRICTLY PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL
General Information
The sites is located in Zhitomir region and have size of 135 ha. Based on the latest experience
of visits and technical analysis around 60 MW can be installed with an energy yield in a range
of 1109 kWh/kWp per year. Installation can be finished in 9-13 months with experienced team.
Site is large enough to easily incorporate PV power plant and no major obstacles and issues
are foreseen. The general improvements are more on pre-work on the accessibility in the civil
engineering package. The critical components are the transformers, but with the latest
development of local suppliers and successful completion of the previous projects, the delivery
can be managed on time.
A detail topographical map and a soil analysis are essential for the final layout. The team has to
analyze the best mounting structure for this are with the best interface to the ground and we
assume that localized product range can be integrated into this project.
In addition to this detailed analysis with the local utility needs to be initiated. Power plant has a
significant capacity and this power needs to be transferred to the high voltage grid.
As a result, it could be concluded that this plant can be easily technically installed.
We are looking forward to review with you our EPC concept
to start the design and installation as soon as possible.
Sincerely Yours,
Oleg Gramotenko
2
9. 1.1 About ZHITOMIR SOLAR PARK
• ZHITROMIR SOLAR PARK – including 4 sites http://zhitomirsp.weebly.com for solar energy
plant with all permissions.
1. Bolohyvsky Solar Park 1 LLC is located on 31,89 hectares. The estimated total capacity
around 13,1 MW.
2. Bolohyvsky Solar Park 2 LLC is located on 38,11 hectares. The estimated total capacity
around 15,7 MW.
3. Irshanska SES LCC is located on 35,74 hectares. The estimated total capacity around 17
MW.
4. Ganska SES LLC is located on 30 hectares. The estimated total capacity around 15 MW.
STRICTLY PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL
11. STRICTLY PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL
2.1 Project background
Project is planned to be installed in Zhitomir region, with
capacity about 60 MW.
Project Zhitomir Solar Park
Total capacity
Solar irradiation
Expected net annual
energy production
Annual energy yield
Feed-in tariff
Land lease agreement
Annual land lease cost
Annual O&M cost
Technology
Panels
Inverters
MS
CNBM
Sungrow
Akcome
n/a
4%
49 years
0.15 EUR/kWh
1 109 MWh/year
65 000 MWh
1 050 kWh/m2
60 MW
11
12. 2.2 Land Lease Agreement
Land plot information
Land plot is rented (official document – “Certificate”, confirming subsequent land allotment is in place)
Land lease agreement is signing a Pre-drafting stage of solar power station construction (scheme below)
Agreement term – 49 years
Land lease tax tariff – 4% of land value
The SPV have the right to extend, renew or purchase the land plot at the end of the agreements
STRICTLY PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL
12
SPV
• 4 SPV LLC (4 sites) 135
Area, ha
Obtained certificate
Agreement status
13. STRICTLY PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL
2.3 Infrastructure
For O&M and construction needs the access road from
nearest public road to the solar parks will be constructed.
Roads of 4 meters and several parking places will be
constructed for services during maintenance of the solar
parks. All roads will be made from gravel without asphalt
coverage.
Service roads
Service and construction office will consist of 2-floor
masonry building and several garages for machineries,
which will work on site. The building will have independent
boreholes and water treatment facilities
Service and construction office
Site will be protected by fence which consist of panel 2,3 x 2
meters and piles each 2 meters. The land plot will be
surrounded with 0,5 high barbered wire. The access for
trucks will be enabled by the 5 meters gate.
Fence
Security system will consist of passive and active parts:
•Passive part of security system will allow detecting possible
criminals on the land plot, by monitoring current actions. It
presumes installment of radars and self focused cameras,
which will be synchronized in one system that could work
independently with backup batteries.
•Active protection system is portrayed by military security
company, working 24 hours a day on site. With support of
passive system, it will detect and neutralize all possible
criminals.
Security system
13
14. STRICTLY PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL
2.4 Land evaluation
Risk
Obstacles
Power lines
Comments
There are shrubs and trees on the territory of the site
Not ready at the moment and need to be constructed
Geology survey have to be ordered.
There is highway along west border of the site
medium
medium
medium
low
Soil condition
Accessibility
Topography
There is power station 110/35/10 kV at the distance of 2,8 km from
the site.
mediumGrid Connection
low The terrain is flat with slopes up to 1°
-lowEnvironmental concern
-lowHealth and safety
Risk of unauthorized intruders from the nearby village, which will
be covered by the highly efficient security system of nearly
small sized land plot.
low / mediumSecurity
14
15. Transformer
annex
area
2.5 Site description
Location: Zhytomyr region, Ukraine
Latitude and longitude: 49°56'25“N 27°48'31“E
SPV: Bolohyvsky Solar Park 1 Ltd
Land area: 31,89 ha
Capacity: 13,1 MW*
Irradiation level: 1325,1 kWh/m2
Climate: summer is mostly hot, winter is mild and snowy.
There is quite high solar activity in the region.
Connection point: substation 110/10 kV.
The topography of the surface of the plot
Basic parameters
15
Description of the Site:
•SPV construction site is located west of the village of
Yurovka, outside centres of population.
•Southward slopes up to 1.5° predominate within the site.
• An automobile road is located not far from the northern
boundary of the site.
N
S
* - indicated capacity corresponds to
location of photovoltaic modules only
on unshaded area.
Symbol legend:
- Area shadowed
throughout the year;
- Tile drainage pipes
Bolohyvsky
Solar Park 1
Bolohyvsky
Solar Park 2
16. Transformer
annex
area
2.5 Site description
Location: Zhytomyr region, Ukraine
Latitude and longitude: 49°56‘2“N 27°48'44"E
SPV: Bolohyvsky Solar Park 2 Ltd
Land area: 38,11 ha
Capacity: 15,7 MW*
Irradiation level: 1325,1 kWh/m2
Climate: summer is mostly hot, winter is mild and snowy.
There is quite high solar activity in the region.
Connection point: substation 110/10 kV.
The topography of the surface of the plot
Basic parameters
16
Description of the Site:
• SPV construction site is located west of the village of
Yurovka, outside centres of population.
• Northward slopes up to 2° predominate within the site.
• An automobile road is located approximately 0.7 km from
the site.
N
S
* - indicated capacity corresponds to
location of photovoltaic modules only
on unshaded area.
Symbol legend:
- Area shadowed
throughout the year;
- Tile drainage pipes
Bolohyvsky
Solar Park 1
Bolohyvsky
Solar Park 2
17. 2.5 Site description
Location: Zhytomyr region, Ukraine
Latitude and longitude: 50°49'34"N 28°48'33"E
SPV: Irshanska SES Ltd
Land area: 35,74 ha
Capacity: 17 MW*
Irradiation level: 1319,8 kWh/m2
Climate: summer is mostly hot, winter is mild and snowy.
There is quite high solar activity in the region.
Connection point: substation 110/10 kV “Meleni”.
The topography of the surface of the plot
Basic parameters
17
Description of the Site:
• SPV construction sites are located west of the village of
Meleni, outside centres of population.
• Southward and south-eastward slopes up to 1° predominate
within the site.
• An automobile road is located 0.35 km north of the site.
N
S
Substation
110/10 kV
“Meleni”
Symbol legend:
- Area shadowed throughout the
year;
- Fenced off area of high-voltage
power line 110 kV
Site №3
Site№2
Site №1
Water drain
Irrigation
channel
* - indicated capacity corresponds to
location of photovoltaic modules only
on unshaded area.
18. STRICTLY PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL
2.5 Site description
Location or picture of land here
Location: Zhitomir region, Ukraine
Latitude and longitude: 49°55'4"N 28°39‘20"E
SPV: Ganska SES Ltd
Land area: 30 ha
Capacity: 15 MW*
Irradiation level: 1349,5 kWh/m2
Climate: summer is mostly hot, winter is mild and snowy.
There is quite high solar activity in the region.
Connection point: substation 110/35/10 kV “Berdichiv”.
The topography of the surface of the plot
Basic parameters
18
Description of the Site:
•The land lot for construction of PhES is located to the east
of the city of Berdichev outside the settlements.
•The area of the land lot has different slopes up to 1°.
•There is a motorway along the western boundary of the site.
N
S
Legend:
- The area shaded throughout a
year
PS 110/35/10 kV
“N. Berdichev”
* - the power value is specified of the
photovoltaic modules are placed only on
the unshaded area.
19. STRICTLY PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL
2.6 Irradiation analysis, energy output
The irradiation levels that the project is going to be exposed to
varies on the monthly basis as illustrated above.
Annual irradiation level is 1349,5 kWh/m2, which enables the
electricity generation of about 1109 kWh/kWp annually.
Expected net annual energy production will be about 14024 MWh.
The solar irradiation levels experienced in Zhytomyr region
of Ukraine are amongst the highest in the country, about
1150-1400 kWh per 𝑚2
. The average temperature may vary
in between -5,1° and +18,5° C and reflects the European
standard range. Even if the values during summer time are
higher than the Standard Test Conditions, no major
reduction in the output due to constant windy conditions is
foreseen.
19
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Average daily electricity production from the given system
(kWh/kWp/day)
20. STRICTLY PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL
Normalized production per installed kWp (12643 kWp): Loss diagram over the whole year
Performance Ratio (PR)
20
2.8 Energy output
22. STRICTLY PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL
3.1 PV modules
Name
Photovoltaic
elements
Maximum Power 260-285Wp
Cell Type 5 - 6 inches
Quantity of cells 60
Weight 19.5 kg
Dimensions min 1638 x 982 x 40
mm (LxWxH)
Maximum Power Voltage 30 – 32V
Maximum Power Current 7,8 - 8A
Open-Circuit Voltage 37 - 38V
Short-Circuit Current 8,5 – 8,8A
Maximum System Voltage 1000 V DC
Maximum Series Fuse Rating 15A
Power Tolerance ±3%
Temperature Coefficients of Pmax -0.4336±0.05% / DC
Temperature Coefficients of Voc -0.4049±0.05% / DC
Temperature Coefficients of Isc 0.0825±0.02%/DC
Nominal Operating Cell
Temperature
45±2°C
Service life 20-25
Module efficiency ratio >15%
Products guarantee 12 years
22
23. STRICTLY PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL
3.1 PV modules
Bankability
All delivered PV modules are produced strictly according to the specifications, datasheets and certificates. The modules are
safely packed for international truck and sea transportation and the appropriate flash-reports are provided in excel format
before each shipment.
CNBM will supply the policrystalline PV modules for the project. These module supplier is established and reputable PV
manufacturer, which provide the PV modules with standard industry product and performance warranties.
Description
The different technologies in the market are mainly crystalline and thin-film products, which work in general with the same
physical effect and can be distinguished in the efficiency, respectively in the power produced per area, where crystalline
modules can reach more than 120 W/m2 and thin-film around 60 W/m2. With a higher production of power per area the user
needs lesser space, which is relevant for leased areas and rented roofs. The thin-film installation costs are lesser per Watt
but need double of the space that crystalline products need.
Technology
The selection of the module type depends on its price, technology, on its availability and mainly on its bankability. The lenders,
banks and insurance companies put their focus on the brand’s value, warranty and track record.
Conclusion
The proposed modules are bankable and have a track record. The selection depends on commercial
and bankability topics and needs to be reviewed together with the banks and investors. Thin-film
modules would need double of the area and Greentech recommends using the crystalline
solution for larger free field power plants.
23
24. STRICTLY PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL
Manufacturer – Sungrow
Combiner box PVS-XM is used for collecting power from
strings by connecting them to the combiner box. PVS-XM
has fuses for short circuit, reverse current defense. PVS-XM
has measurement channels for string monitoring and data
can be transferred by CAN protocol to data logger.
3.2 Combiner boxes
24
Technical data:
Cable requirments:
25. STRICTLY PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL
3.3 PV station
25
SG1000TS-MV PV Station is a 1 MW outdoor PV
station, providing turnkey solution for building PV plant;
designed with 20ft standart sea shipping container,
easy for transportation, high integration for quick
installation and commissioning; consist of:
a) Metallic enclosure;
b) DC cabinet;
c) 2 inverters;
d) LV/MV transformer;
e) MV switchgear;
f) LV auxiliary unit;
g) Communication unit;
h) Safety sensors (temperature&humidity sensors, ip-
camera, extinguishers sensors, door limit switches,
water logging sensors, smog detectors);
i) Heating system
26. STRICTLY PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL
3.3.1 Inverters
Nominal DC power
MPPT Voltage Range
Max. DC voltage
500 PV
500-820
1060A
1000V
Inverter
specifications
Max. DC current
Quantity DC Inputs
Quantity DC Fuses
Input data
Output data
1 MCCB
up to 8 psc (+/-)
The inverters are supplied by Sungrow and provide the
highest efficiency levels across all central and decentral
inverters currently available in the market.
630 PV
500-820
1170A
500-600 kWp 630-693 kWp
26
Operating with 10 kV voltage transformers for energy
transmitting to 10 kV outer grid
•Power capacity 630 kW
•Developed to operate for what 1260 kVA stations
•each PV station includes next equipment:
a) concrete shelter;
b) 2 inverters;
c) copain-mode
d) Data logger;
e) auxiliary board;
f) heater;
g) MV 3-field switchgear;
h) 3-ports transformer 10/0,315/0,315 kV;
i) smoke, door, motion sensors Nominal AC Power
Grid voltage range
Grid frequency
Power factor
EUR ETA after transformer
Max ETA after transformer
500 kVA
~0,9
98,7 %
98,5 %
630 kVA
~0,9
98,7 %
98,5 %
250 ~ 362V 250 ~ 362V
50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz
27. STRICTLY PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL
3.3.1 Inverters
Greentech recommends the supplier of the inverters to offer the best performance in quality and reliability. The chosen
inverter concept from the Sungrow portfolio offers the highest efficiency among central and de-central transformer-less
inverters. The inverter works directly with a medium voltage transformer that ensures less cable losses as well as a
maximized yield. Other suppliers like Sungrow, but also SMA and ABB are internationally orientated and have a very good
access to the European market with local teams and local certifications. The advantage of Sungrow is the local experience in
Ukraine and the track record with similar sized projects in the country.
Description
The selection of the inverter concept mainly depends on the size of the power plant and on the local infrastructure. Central
inverters are often used for larger MW plants with enough space for additional service stations. De-central inverters in the
range of 10-20 kVA are used for roofs or areas with limited space.
Inverter concept
Conclusion
The chosen inverter concept offers the highest efficiency amongst transformer-less inverter. It features an integrated DC
disconnector as well as string monitored fuses. For this larger site with 50 MW we recommend the central versions as a
preferred solution to have an independent system. The combination of 500 kVA and 630 kvA units gives flexibility in the
electrical layout.
27
28. STRICTLY PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL
Technical data:
3.3.2 Voltage transformers
View of 10/0,315/0,315 kV 3 Phase hermetically
sealed transformer transformer:
28
Transformer is used for increasing the voltage to 10 kV
for transferring to the grid.
29. STRICTLY PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL
3.4 Foundation with piles
Standard depth in ground
Material
Specifications
1.2 m – 1.5 m
Steel, hot dip, galvanized
Posts
Type Sigma profile
PV modules in large power plants are usually mounted on
elevated structures to minimize the land occupancy. Due to
the bigger wind aperture of those PV fields, higher loads are
therefore transmitted to the foundations, resulting in a
design of heavy concrete foundations.
The installation of metallic posts or screws is exceptionally
fast and allows a laser cut precise installation. The ramming
is performed with a special vehicle with actuators in order to
press the SIGMA shaped piles into the ground. The length
can be adjusted to the soil conditions’ requirements.
1,8 m – 3 mOverall length
The approach to use concrete foundations is in general not
recommended if metallic ramming piles or equivalent
solutions can be envisaged.
Concrete foundations generally add significantly on
execution time and complexity whereas the products for
metallic ramming piles can be sourced locally.
Conclusion
29
•Suppliers: Fregat, Euroformat
•15 year experience, about 650 000 piles for solar parks
•Local suppliers, good quality of piles
•Piles fixed with mounting system by screws, washers,
clamping plate and nuts
On the picture steel pile is shown:
manufacturer Fregat; coverage - hot dip galvanized with
thickness 120 mkm; tolerances +/– 1 %
30. STRICTLY PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL
3.5 Mounting system
Expected durability
Tilt angle of modules
Single row
15-20 years
&
2x11 & 2x6 [HxV]
MS
specifications
# of modules per
structural element
Orientation of the
modules
Wind loads
Base material
According to euro code 9
T6063/6060
aluminum for
base profiles
SUS304 for
accessories
Hot dip galvanized
steel for plants
T6063/6060 aluminum
for
base profiles
T6063/6060 aluminum
for
base substructure
SUS304 for
accessories
Multiple
rows
4x11 & 4x6 [HxV]
Portrait or
horizontal
Snow loads According to euro code 9
30
Supplier – Akcome
•4 of rows system
•made according European standards
•Support angles are and , height is about 2,8 m
•MS s the basis for the installation of modules at the
required angle. It has special cover -anodized aluminum for
protection from corrosion
Portrait or
horizontal
31. STRICTLY PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL
3.5 Mounting system
Installations with one module mounting system are used for
open areas with differences in the height level of the
topography. It can easily be installed without additional
machinery and is very flexible. No mayor leveling work in
the field is necessary. It can follow the height levels of the
site. A minimum distance of 2m between the rows slightly
decreases the capacity rate per hectare.
The installation with two or more modules in vertical or
horizontal have a slightly higher utilization rate of the field in
MW per hectare. Can be installed in a similar way within the
same time but it is necessary to install the system by teams
of two people. A moveable scaffold is needed to guarantee a
professional and safe installation.
One row system
Multiple row system
Conclusion
When selecting a mount, various options were considered, taking into account dynamic tracking of the sun throughout the
daylight hours. It was found that the optimal solution for flat plot with stable soil is 4 rows system, for plots with complicated
relief and unstable or weak soil is 2 rows or single rows systems on one piles. These structures are optimally priced for the
material consumption per unit modules and savings in bearing piles, have many positive aspect of the series, also increased
distance between the tables which in turn makes it possible to use the standard mechanical engineering. With increasing
design series will have adverse effect on the speed of installation and maintenance during operation as well as the height of
the construction will reach critical levels.
31
32. STRICTLY PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL
The suppliers are Telefonica, SKW, LAPP, Leoni, Prysmian, HELUCABLE
World-known companies with experience more than 40 years
Cables are VDE, IEC, ISO certified
used types – NYY, N2XS(FL)2Y, N2XSEY, solar cable, Li2YCYv, ADQ(ZN)(SR)2Y
3.6 Cables and conduits
MV cables, Solar Cables, DC cables, Data cables
32
N2XS(FL)2Y
N2XSEY
NYY
33. STRICTLY PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL
3.7 Monitoring system
SKYTRON PVGuard Platform was selected as monitoring
system supplier. It is a complete intelligent SCADA solution
that offers to operator and investors an efficient and real-
time tool for monitoring and maintaining the megawatt-class
PV Park.
It is versatile, flexible and strong instrument that perfectly
interacts with a large part of equipment. The intuitive
graphical user interface represents and confronts
performance and error data consistently making the plant
easily comparable.
Functions
• Real-time visualization of data in high resolution
• Storage and archiving of all measured data
• Alarm management and incident control
• Configurable automatic email notification
• Data exporting
• Single point administration for multiple PV Park
• Compare components across different plants
33
This monitoring system is the fast link between solar
equipment and its owner. It provides a complete plant
monitoring, remote diagnosis, data storage and display.
Access to the system data is available via a web
browser, smartphone and tablet at anytime from
anywhere in the world regardless of the operating
system or browser type.
PVGuard is a vendor-independent PV monitoring, it
support combiner-box, inverters, energy meters and
environment sensors.
34. STRICTLY PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL
3.8 Warranty terms
Mounting system warranties
Sungrow carries out the commissioning and start-up
process of the inverters which is a prerequisite for the
warranty to be valid and effective.
Inverter warranty specification is outlined as follows:
Inverter warranties
Warranties will be provided by supplier (CNBM) that will
provide modules for the project. Both product and
performance warranties will be obtained:
Limited product warranty:
Modules will be replaced or repaired if there are defects in
materials and workmanship.
Guaranteed peak power warranty (performance):
If the modules generate an output rate below:
• 90% in a period of 10 years;
and
• 80% in a period of 25 years,
the loss in power will be compensated through the provision
of additional modules or by repairing the original ones
provided by the suppliers.
PV module warranties
34
The supplier will not be liable for:
Any loss in revenue, profits and reduction as a result of
module defects and damage or injury to persons or property.
Any liability payable by the supplier shall not exceed the
invoice value paid by the SPV for each module.
Validity
period
24 months from the date of commissioning
Costs Transportation costs for repaired inverters or
replacement parts are covered by warranty.
Transportation costs for returning the defective
parts lie with the project.
Warranty term Metallic 10 years
Ultraviolet
resistance or plastic
components
10 years
All other
components
2 years
Warranty commencement date Date of delivery
Limitation of the scope
35. STRICTLY PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL
3.9 Key counterparties
Company
O&M
Modules
Description
High professional and result oriented team with high speed
of execution of the projects
4 SPV
CNBM
Provider
Inverters
Mounting System
Power offtake
Quality assurance
Insurance
Security
Positive experience is solar parks insurance
With obtaining certificates for each parks separately
Sungrow
Akcome
Active insurance
TUVVDE
Positive experience2 local companies
WEM
35
High quality equipment with low quantity of spoilage.
Short terms of delivery, acceptable packages which
allow deliver, unload and storage without significant
losses,
Element supports with full scope of warranty for
required period, manual, recommendations for
assembling and maintenance.
Low price with positive experience on the marked.
37. 4.1 Stages of solar power stations construction
- Study of the
network status
and substation
capacity
- Selecting
scheme of power
distribution
- Endorsement of
a chosen variant
with the network
Owner
- Topographic
mapping
- Geological
engineering
survey
- Historical
archaeological
survey (if
necessary)
- Permit for
design and
survey work
- Development of
BE Stage
- Development of
P Stage
- Undergoing an
expertise
assessment
- Development of
CD Stage
- The Project
business plan
- Analysis of
suppliers and a
Contractor,
assessment of
opportunities and
risks
- Tendering
- Signing contracts
for services and
supplies
- Declaring of
construction start
- Preparatory and
in-site works
- Pile sinking and
fastening
structure
mounting
- Electric
installation works
(DC/AC)
- Commissioning
works
- Connection of the
constructed SPS to the
network
- Conclusion of
contracts, acquisition of
certificates and
licenses
- Carrying out technical
and financial audit
2-3 months 3-4 months 1 month
up to 1 month up to1 month 2 months 1 month 3 months 1 month6 months
- Listing of plots
for possible
connection
- Selecting of a
land plot
- Visual
inspection of the
plot
- Registration of
a legal entity
- Allotment of
the land plot
6 months
Designing Construction CommissioningPre-drafting stage
Process of solar power station construction
Financial control for all project stages
Land
allotment
FS
Background
data
acquisition
SPS
designing
Supplier
selection
SPS
construction
Commission
37
Currently project is on “SPS designing” and “Supplier selection”
development stages.
38. 5.2 Typical schedule of construction works
38
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Basic engineering
Execution drawings
Equipment delivery
Preparatory works
Roads 5%
Fence installation
Service buildings and facilities
Inverter station + GCB
Ramming piles
Trenches preparation
Cable laying
Mounting of tables
Mounting of modules
0.4 kV electrical works
10 kV electrical works
Commissioning
Lightning protection system
Security & Video Control Systems
100%
100%
100%
100%
95%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
Name of works
Weeks
100%
100%
100%
100%
95% 5%
100%
100%
40. 5.3 Compensation of grid connection costs
40
Project documentation development of
external electrical power supply
Works
Funds within tariffs for electricity transmission, and / or through repayable financial
aids provided by the customer to electricity transmission organization
Financing
Construction and installation works and
commissioning of newly constructed or
reconstructed electrical unit; its connection
to the terminal point
• 100% - funds within repayable financial aids provided by the customer to electricity
transmission organization
Source: NERC “Resolution #32 dated 17 January 2013”
41. PPA Procedure
• Ukrainian legislation does not comply with the European. For "green" tariff in Ukraine the law
provides a certain order. This order is clearly stated in the Decree of 02.11.2012 № 1421 ENERGY
AND UTILITIES the NATIONAL REGULATORY COMMISSION "On approval of the establishment, review
and termination of the" green "tariff for business entities."
• The Law of Ukraine "On elektroenergetku" guarantees by "green" tariff for the whole period of its
validity.
• Article 17.1 (last paragraph) of the Law "On elektroenergetiku."
• The State guarantees the consolidation at the legislative level for the whole period "green" tariff
requirements for procurement in each billing period the electricity produced at the power plants,
including the commissioning phase of construction of power plants (NSC), using alternative sources
energy (except for blast furnace and coking gases, and for hydro-energy - only micro, mini and small
hydroelectric power plants), and not sold directly to consumers under contracts or supply company,
established by the "green" tariff allowances given to him in accordance with established Article 17-3
of the Act, to the extent and manner specified in Article 15 of this Law, as well as the payments for
such electricity in full, on time and in cash.
• Changes in the law may make a Parliament and must be sign by the President of Ukraine.
• Recent changes have been made June 4, 2015 with the aim "to ensure competitive conditions of
production of electricity from alternative energy sources. Law of Ukraine about bringing to log On
amendments to some laws of Ukraine to ensure competitive conditions for the production of
electricity from alternative sources of energy from 04.06.2015. This law was abolished condition of
"local content" for "green" tariff in the construction of energy facilities.
• After the entry into force of the changes for the green tariff is only one limitation, this line of
construction of electric power facilities that generate electricity using alternative energy
development plan incorporated power system of Ukraine for the next ten years the.
• Our facilities are included in the development plan of the united energy system of Ukraine for the
next ten years the, as Technical conditions for connection were issued before 1.7.2015 (Law of
Ukraine "On elektrenergetike")
41
42. PPA PROCEDURE
Feasibility study on the construction
site and grid connection
Land Lease Agreement
Technical specifications for connection
to the grid
Connection to the grid agreement
after Installation
License NERC http://www.nerc.gov.ua
Signing PPA (sale agreement) with
State Enterprise “Energorynok”
http://www.er.gov.ua
Confirmation of FIT obtaining
Sale of electricity act
44. 5.4 List of required permits / agreements
44
Permit on development of land
arrangement
Land arrangement project
Approval of land arrangement
Land registry extract
Land lease agreements
Other documents
Land lease
Extract from the Uniform State Register
of Enterprises and Organizations of
Ukraine (USREOU)
The certificate of state registration of a
legal entity
Charter
Other documents
Registration of a legal entity
General contractor contract
Design contract
Equipment supply contracts
Warranties
Installation works contracts, designer's
technical supervision
Construction
Security agreement
Insurance agreement
O&M agreement
Manning table
Labor contract
Other documents
Maintenance
Feasibility Study
Topographic mapping
Geological engineering survey
Pales specification
Permit for design and survey work
Corrective action register
Other documents
Project documentations
Connection to the grid agreement
Technical specifications for connection
to the grid
License NERC
Membership Agreement with WEM
Signing power sale agreement with
State Enterprise “Energorynok”
Confirmation of FIT obtaining
Sale of electricity act
Other documents
Sale of electricity