Indian soils are generally divided into four broad types. These soil types are: 1) alluvial soils; 2) regular soils; 3) red soils and 4) laterite soils.
Soil is a complex mixture that forms the top layer of Earth's crust. It is influenced by climate, vegetation, relief, parent material and human activities. The main types of soil found in India are black soil, red soil, alluvial soil, laterite soil, desert soil, mountain soil and forest soil. They differ in properties based on factors like texture, color, moisture and nutrient content.
This document describes the different types of soil found in India, including alluvial, black, red, laterite, mountain, and desert soils. It provides details on the composition, location, and major crops grown in each soil type. The alluvial soil covers 40% of India and supports half the population. Black soil is found in Maharashtra and Gujarat and is suitable for cotton. Red soil occupies 10% of India and is suited to crops like rice, wheat, and pulses. Laterite soil forms under high rainfall and is located in southern India. Mountain soil contains humus and is found on hill slopes. Desert soil has high sand content and low rainfall, and is located in western India.
Soils in India are formed by the weathering of rocks and are influenced by climate, vegetation, relief and parent material. The eight major soil types according to ICAR are alluvial, black, red, laterite, desert, mountain, saline/alkaline and peaty/marshy soils. Alluvial soils cover a large area and are highly fertile, supporting agriculture. Soil erosion due to deforestation, overgrazing and other factors needs to be controlled through conservation measures like contour farming and afforestation.
The document discusses the different types of soils found in India. It describes alluvial soil, which is very fertile soil deposited by river silt in northern plains. It also mentions black soil found in central and western India, formed from volcanic lava and good for cotton and sugarcane. Red soil and laterite soil are described as found in southern regions, with laterite soil rich in iron and aluminum. Desert soil in Rajasthan and Gujarat contains mostly sand and is not fertile. Mountain soil in the Himalayas and northeast is very rich and fertile.
There are 6 main types of soils found in India - alluvial, red, black, laterite, desert, and mountain soils. Alluvial soil is very fertile and found in river basin areas, supporting crops like rice, wheat, sugarcane. Red soil is found in southern plateau regions and supports crops like jowar and bajra. Black soil, made of lava, is in central and western regions and grows cotton and sugarcane. Laterite soil is in western coastal areas and grows coffee, tea, spices and rubber. Desert soil in Rajasthan is sandy and infertile. Mountain soil in Himalayan regions is rich in nutrients and grows fruits.
The document discusses different types of soils found in India. Alluvial soil is very fertile and found in places like Punjab, UP and Bengal, growing crops like rice, sugarcane and wheat. It is divided into Khadar soil near rivers and older Bangar soil in upper valleys. Black soil in central/south India is sticky and fertile, retaining moisture and good for cotton. Red soil contains iron and humus, found in places like Tamil Nadu and Odisha growing groundnuts and ragi. Laterite soil forms from erosion and lacks humus. Mountain soil content varies by location. Desert soil in places like Rajasthan is alkaline with little humus requiring irrigation. The diversity of soils in India results
Alluvial soil is soil deposited by rivers, streams, and floodwaters in areas like floodplains, deltas, and alluvial fans. It consists of various proportions of sand, silt, and clay deposited as sediment. Alluvial soil is very fertile due to nutrients like potash, phosphoric acid, and lime. The major alluvial soil regions in India are the northern plains deposited by the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra Rivers as well as areas in Rajasthan, Gujarat, and along the eastern coastal plains. Common crops grown in alluvial soil include sugarcane, rice, wheat, and other cereals and pulses. Alluvial soils are classified
Powerpoint Presentation on Laterite SoilDHRUV D SINGH
Laterite soil is a soil type that is high in iron and aluminum and low in nutrients, often forming in tropical areas with distinct wet and dry seasons. It supports crops but requires management of moisture levels and fertilization due to low inherent fertility. Proper moisture levels and fertilization can improve the fertility of laterite soil and support more productive crops.
Soil is a complex mixture that forms the top layer of Earth's crust. It is influenced by climate, vegetation, relief, parent material and human activities. The main types of soil found in India are black soil, red soil, alluvial soil, laterite soil, desert soil, mountain soil and forest soil. They differ in properties based on factors like texture, color, moisture and nutrient content.
This document describes the different types of soil found in India, including alluvial, black, red, laterite, mountain, and desert soils. It provides details on the composition, location, and major crops grown in each soil type. The alluvial soil covers 40% of India and supports half the population. Black soil is found in Maharashtra and Gujarat and is suitable for cotton. Red soil occupies 10% of India and is suited to crops like rice, wheat, and pulses. Laterite soil forms under high rainfall and is located in southern India. Mountain soil contains humus and is found on hill slopes. Desert soil has high sand content and low rainfall, and is located in western India.
Soils in India are formed by the weathering of rocks and are influenced by climate, vegetation, relief and parent material. The eight major soil types according to ICAR are alluvial, black, red, laterite, desert, mountain, saline/alkaline and peaty/marshy soils. Alluvial soils cover a large area and are highly fertile, supporting agriculture. Soil erosion due to deforestation, overgrazing and other factors needs to be controlled through conservation measures like contour farming and afforestation.
The document discusses the different types of soils found in India. It describes alluvial soil, which is very fertile soil deposited by river silt in northern plains. It also mentions black soil found in central and western India, formed from volcanic lava and good for cotton and sugarcane. Red soil and laterite soil are described as found in southern regions, with laterite soil rich in iron and aluminum. Desert soil in Rajasthan and Gujarat contains mostly sand and is not fertile. Mountain soil in the Himalayas and northeast is very rich and fertile.
There are 6 main types of soils found in India - alluvial, red, black, laterite, desert, and mountain soils. Alluvial soil is very fertile and found in river basin areas, supporting crops like rice, wheat, sugarcane. Red soil is found in southern plateau regions and supports crops like jowar and bajra. Black soil, made of lava, is in central and western regions and grows cotton and sugarcane. Laterite soil is in western coastal areas and grows coffee, tea, spices and rubber. Desert soil in Rajasthan is sandy and infertile. Mountain soil in Himalayan regions is rich in nutrients and grows fruits.
The document discusses different types of soils found in India. Alluvial soil is very fertile and found in places like Punjab, UP and Bengal, growing crops like rice, sugarcane and wheat. It is divided into Khadar soil near rivers and older Bangar soil in upper valleys. Black soil in central/south India is sticky and fertile, retaining moisture and good for cotton. Red soil contains iron and humus, found in places like Tamil Nadu and Odisha growing groundnuts and ragi. Laterite soil forms from erosion and lacks humus. Mountain soil content varies by location. Desert soil in places like Rajasthan is alkaline with little humus requiring irrigation. The diversity of soils in India results
Alluvial soil is soil deposited by rivers, streams, and floodwaters in areas like floodplains, deltas, and alluvial fans. It consists of various proportions of sand, silt, and clay deposited as sediment. Alluvial soil is very fertile due to nutrients like potash, phosphoric acid, and lime. The major alluvial soil regions in India are the northern plains deposited by the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra Rivers as well as areas in Rajasthan, Gujarat, and along the eastern coastal plains. Common crops grown in alluvial soil include sugarcane, rice, wheat, and other cereals and pulses. Alluvial soils are classified
Powerpoint Presentation on Laterite SoilDHRUV D SINGH
Laterite soil is a soil type that is high in iron and aluminum and low in nutrients, often forming in tropical areas with distinct wet and dry seasons. It supports crops but requires management of moisture levels and fertilization due to low inherent fertility. Proper moisture levels and fertilization can improve the fertility of laterite soil and support more productive crops.
This document discusses the three main types of crops grown in India based on the seasons:
1) Zaid crops are grown between March to June and require warm, dry weather. Examples include watermelon and sugarcane.
2) Kharif crops are sown during the rainy season from July to October and require rainfall. Examples are rice, maize, and soybean.
3) Rabi crops are grown in winter from November to March and require irrigation. Wheat, gram, and mustard are examples of Rabi crops.
The seasons and location determine which crops are suitable for different regions of India.
Soil is the top layer of earth's crust consisting of organic and inorganic matter that supports plant growth and living organisms. Soil formation is influenced by factors like relief, parent rock, climate, vegetation, and time. The major soil types in India are alluvial, black, red and yellow, laterite, arid, and forest soils. Alluvial soils are the most widespread and fertile soils, deposited by Himalayan river systems in northern India. Black soils, also known as regur soils, are clay-rich and moisture-retentive, found in the Deccan trap region. Red and yellow soils develop in dry, crystalline rock areas with low rainfall. Laterite soils form in hot,
This document summarizes the key soil types found in India, including alluvial soils deposited by rivers in northern plains; black soils high in clay and good for cotton/sugarcane; red soils weathered from crystalline rocks; lateritic soils leached of nutrients by heavy rainfall; forest soils high in organic matter; mountain soils shallow and rocky; desert soils sandy and alkaline but fertile with irrigation; saline/alkaline soils with high salt content; and peaty/marshy soils submerged and acidic. Each soil type is described in terms of composition, location, agricultural suitability, and distinguishing characteristics.
The document discusses laterite soils found in India. Laterite soils are formed in hot, wet, tropical areas through weathering of rocks. They are shallow, acidic soils that are low in fertility. However, they are well suited to growing crops like tea, coffee, and rubber when provided with manure and irrigation. Laterite soils are widely distributed across India, particularly in the southern states of Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu. They have high clay and iron oxide content but are deficient in nutrients like nitrogen.
The history of agriculture in India dates back to the Rigveda. Today, India ranks second worldwide in farm output. Agriculture and allied sectors like forestry and fisheries accounted for 13.7% of the GDP (gross domestic product) in 2013, about 50% of the workforce. The economic contribution of agriculture to India's GDP is steadily declining with the country's broad-based economic growth. Still, agriculture is demographically the broadest economic sector and plays a significant role in the overall socio-economic fabric of India.India exported $39 billion worth of agricultural products in 2013, making it the seventh largest agricultural exporter worldwide and the sixth largest net exporter.Most of its agriculture exports serve developing and least developed nations.
Soil has evolved over millions of years and is an important natural resource.
Soils in India can be classified as - Alluvial, Black, Red and Laterite soils. Their distribution, composition, characteristics such as color, texture, minerals, crops grown and it's conservation have been described.
Indian soils come in 6 main types - alluvial, laterite, red, black, mountain, and desert soils. Alluvial soils are fertile soils deposited by river sediments. Laterite soils are found in southern India and are rich in iron oxides but less fertile. Red soils develop in low rainfall areas on granite and are moderately fertile. Black soils are very fertile but sticky clay soils found in central India. Mountain soils are humus-rich but low in nutrients. Desert soils are sandy, drain well but lack nutrients and blow away easily. The type of soil depends on climate, vegetation and underlying rock in each region and influences what crops can be grown.
India has eight major types of soils: alluvial, black, red, laterite, desert, and mountain soils. Alluvial soils formed from river deposits and cover 15 lakh sqkm, contributing greatly to agriculture. They are found in northern regions and support crops like rice, wheat, sugarcane, and cotton. Black soils high in clay cover 5.4 lakh sqkm in central and southern regions and are suitable for cotton, sugarcane, millets, and oilseeds. Red soils are more sandy with less clay and found in southern and central regions, growing crops such as ragi, groundnut, millet, and rice.
This is an assignment on Soil Types of India for the Subject of Natural Resource Management in India's Range Forest Officer's induction training Course. It was prepared during the Academy days and submitted to Kundal Academy of Development, Administration and Management (Forest), Sangli, Maharashtra.
Agriculture is India's main occupation and includes various types of farming like subsistence, commercial, and plantation farming. The document discusses different cropping seasons in India and major food crops like rice, wheat, millets, maize, and pulses. It also outlines non-food crops such as cotton, jute, rubber, and horticultural crops including fruits and vegetables. Creative farming involves scarecrows and artistic designs in agricultural fields.
The document discusses the different seasons in India: winter, summer, rainy season, and retreating monsoon. Winter is the cold weather season from November to February when rabi crops like wheat and mustard are grown. Summer is the hot weather season from March to May. The rainy season or kharif season allows crops like rice, maize, and millet to be grown from onset of monsoon until September-October. A short zaid season in between allows crops like melons and vegetables to be grown from March to June. The hot, dry Loo winds blow during May and June, causing high temperatures over North India.
G 7 geo ch-2 inside our earth full chapter week-2Preeti Pachauri
The document provides information about rocks and the interior of the Earth. It discusses three key topics:
1) The interior of the Earth is composed of layers, including the crust, mantle, and core. The crust is the thinnest layer and is made up of two types - continental and oceanic.
2) There are three main types of rocks - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma, sedimentary rocks form from compressed sediments, and metamorphic rocks form from changes to other rock types.
3) Rocks undergo the rock cycle as they are broken down, transformed by heat and pressure, and form new types of rocks
This document summarizes different types of agriculture practiced in India and key crops grown. It discusses primitive subsistence farming, intensive subsistence farming, and commercial farming. Major crops include rice, wheat, millets, maize, pulses, sugarcane, oil seeds, tea, coffee, horticulture crops, rubber, silk, cotton, and jute. The document also outlines rabi, kharif and zaid crop seasons and the regions they are grown in. It discusses various agricultural reforms and challenges facing Indian agriculture.
Agriculture is very important for India's national development. It provides livelihood for 70% of the labor force and raw materials for manufacturing. India achieved self-sufficiency in food grain production in 1998, with food production reaching 210.8 million tons in 2003-04. However, agriculture also faces several challenges in India, such as inadequate capital, fragmented land holdings, overuse of inputs impacting soil fertility, and lack of irrigation given 63% of land is rainfed. Improving post-harvest technologies, training farmers, and increasing irrigation are suggested to further develop the agriculture sector.
This document discusses and compares democratic and non-democratic forms of government. It provides features of democracy, including that leaders are elected, elections are free and fair, and the rule of law is followed. However, it notes that no country achieves perfect democracy. Key factors that influence democracy's existence and success include citizens' active political participation and involvement. Non-democratic forms of government mentioned include oligarchy, dictatorship, despotic kingship, and military monarchy.
Soils of India/ Karnataka State New syllabus/ Social Science/ Geography/ Chap...Jaidas Puthan Veetil
Soil is formed by weathering of rocks under different climates and deposited by denudation agents. The main types of soil in India are alluvial soil found in river plains, black soil suited for cotton in central India, red soil covering much of the Deccan plateau, laterite soil in high rainfall areas, desert soil in arid northwest India, and mountain soil rich in nutrients. Soil erosion due to factors like deforestation, overgrazing, and unscientific farming methods needs to be prevented through conservation methods like contour ploughing, bunds, terracing, afforestation, and controlled grazing/irrigation.
This document discusses the classification of agro-ecological zones in India based on physiography, soil, climate, and length of growing period. It outlines how India can be divided into 5 major physiographic divisions (mountains, plains, plateau, coastal belts, islands) which are further divided into 19 ecological regions based on factors like climate, soil properties, and topography. Soil types, climate conditions, and length of growing period also influence the delineation of agro-climatic and agro-ecological zones in India for agricultural planning and development.
The document summarizes the different types of soils found in India according to the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). It discusses 8 major types of soils - alluvial soil, black cotton soil, red and yellow soil, laterite soil, mountain or forest soil, arid or desert soil, saline and alkaline soil, and peaty and marshy soil. Each type is described in terms of its composition, location within India, agricultural usage, and distinguishing characteristics. Key crops grown in each soil type are also mentioned.
This document provides information about different types of soils found in India. It discusses alluvial soil, black soil, red soil, mountain soil, desert soil, saline and alkaline soils, peaty and marshy soils, residual soils, marine soils, glacial soils, and wind-blown soils. For each soil type, it describes where they are found, how they are formed, their composition and properties. The document aims to educate the reader about the various soils across India and their characteristics.
This document discusses the three main types of crops grown in India based on the seasons:
1) Zaid crops are grown between March to June and require warm, dry weather. Examples include watermelon and sugarcane.
2) Kharif crops are sown during the rainy season from July to October and require rainfall. Examples are rice, maize, and soybean.
3) Rabi crops are grown in winter from November to March and require irrigation. Wheat, gram, and mustard are examples of Rabi crops.
The seasons and location determine which crops are suitable for different regions of India.
Soil is the top layer of earth's crust consisting of organic and inorganic matter that supports plant growth and living organisms. Soil formation is influenced by factors like relief, parent rock, climate, vegetation, and time. The major soil types in India are alluvial, black, red and yellow, laterite, arid, and forest soils. Alluvial soils are the most widespread and fertile soils, deposited by Himalayan river systems in northern India. Black soils, also known as regur soils, are clay-rich and moisture-retentive, found in the Deccan trap region. Red and yellow soils develop in dry, crystalline rock areas with low rainfall. Laterite soils form in hot,
This document summarizes the key soil types found in India, including alluvial soils deposited by rivers in northern plains; black soils high in clay and good for cotton/sugarcane; red soils weathered from crystalline rocks; lateritic soils leached of nutrients by heavy rainfall; forest soils high in organic matter; mountain soils shallow and rocky; desert soils sandy and alkaline but fertile with irrigation; saline/alkaline soils with high salt content; and peaty/marshy soils submerged and acidic. Each soil type is described in terms of composition, location, agricultural suitability, and distinguishing characteristics.
The document discusses laterite soils found in India. Laterite soils are formed in hot, wet, tropical areas through weathering of rocks. They are shallow, acidic soils that are low in fertility. However, they are well suited to growing crops like tea, coffee, and rubber when provided with manure and irrigation. Laterite soils are widely distributed across India, particularly in the southern states of Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu. They have high clay and iron oxide content but are deficient in nutrients like nitrogen.
The history of agriculture in India dates back to the Rigveda. Today, India ranks second worldwide in farm output. Agriculture and allied sectors like forestry and fisheries accounted for 13.7% of the GDP (gross domestic product) in 2013, about 50% of the workforce. The economic contribution of agriculture to India's GDP is steadily declining with the country's broad-based economic growth. Still, agriculture is demographically the broadest economic sector and plays a significant role in the overall socio-economic fabric of India.India exported $39 billion worth of agricultural products in 2013, making it the seventh largest agricultural exporter worldwide and the sixth largest net exporter.Most of its agriculture exports serve developing and least developed nations.
Soil has evolved over millions of years and is an important natural resource.
Soils in India can be classified as - Alluvial, Black, Red and Laterite soils. Their distribution, composition, characteristics such as color, texture, minerals, crops grown and it's conservation have been described.
Indian soils come in 6 main types - alluvial, laterite, red, black, mountain, and desert soils. Alluvial soils are fertile soils deposited by river sediments. Laterite soils are found in southern India and are rich in iron oxides but less fertile. Red soils develop in low rainfall areas on granite and are moderately fertile. Black soils are very fertile but sticky clay soils found in central India. Mountain soils are humus-rich but low in nutrients. Desert soils are sandy, drain well but lack nutrients and blow away easily. The type of soil depends on climate, vegetation and underlying rock in each region and influences what crops can be grown.
India has eight major types of soils: alluvial, black, red, laterite, desert, and mountain soils. Alluvial soils formed from river deposits and cover 15 lakh sqkm, contributing greatly to agriculture. They are found in northern regions and support crops like rice, wheat, sugarcane, and cotton. Black soils high in clay cover 5.4 lakh sqkm in central and southern regions and are suitable for cotton, sugarcane, millets, and oilseeds. Red soils are more sandy with less clay and found in southern and central regions, growing crops such as ragi, groundnut, millet, and rice.
This is an assignment on Soil Types of India for the Subject of Natural Resource Management in India's Range Forest Officer's induction training Course. It was prepared during the Academy days and submitted to Kundal Academy of Development, Administration and Management (Forest), Sangli, Maharashtra.
Agriculture is India's main occupation and includes various types of farming like subsistence, commercial, and plantation farming. The document discusses different cropping seasons in India and major food crops like rice, wheat, millets, maize, and pulses. It also outlines non-food crops such as cotton, jute, rubber, and horticultural crops including fruits and vegetables. Creative farming involves scarecrows and artistic designs in agricultural fields.
The document discusses the different seasons in India: winter, summer, rainy season, and retreating monsoon. Winter is the cold weather season from November to February when rabi crops like wheat and mustard are grown. Summer is the hot weather season from March to May. The rainy season or kharif season allows crops like rice, maize, and millet to be grown from onset of monsoon until September-October. A short zaid season in between allows crops like melons and vegetables to be grown from March to June. The hot, dry Loo winds blow during May and June, causing high temperatures over North India.
G 7 geo ch-2 inside our earth full chapter week-2Preeti Pachauri
The document provides information about rocks and the interior of the Earth. It discusses three key topics:
1) The interior of the Earth is composed of layers, including the crust, mantle, and core. The crust is the thinnest layer and is made up of two types - continental and oceanic.
2) There are three main types of rocks - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma, sedimentary rocks form from compressed sediments, and metamorphic rocks form from changes to other rock types.
3) Rocks undergo the rock cycle as they are broken down, transformed by heat and pressure, and form new types of rocks
This document summarizes different types of agriculture practiced in India and key crops grown. It discusses primitive subsistence farming, intensive subsistence farming, and commercial farming. Major crops include rice, wheat, millets, maize, pulses, sugarcane, oil seeds, tea, coffee, horticulture crops, rubber, silk, cotton, and jute. The document also outlines rabi, kharif and zaid crop seasons and the regions they are grown in. It discusses various agricultural reforms and challenges facing Indian agriculture.
Agriculture is very important for India's national development. It provides livelihood for 70% of the labor force and raw materials for manufacturing. India achieved self-sufficiency in food grain production in 1998, with food production reaching 210.8 million tons in 2003-04. However, agriculture also faces several challenges in India, such as inadequate capital, fragmented land holdings, overuse of inputs impacting soil fertility, and lack of irrigation given 63% of land is rainfed. Improving post-harvest technologies, training farmers, and increasing irrigation are suggested to further develop the agriculture sector.
This document discusses and compares democratic and non-democratic forms of government. It provides features of democracy, including that leaders are elected, elections are free and fair, and the rule of law is followed. However, it notes that no country achieves perfect democracy. Key factors that influence democracy's existence and success include citizens' active political participation and involvement. Non-democratic forms of government mentioned include oligarchy, dictatorship, despotic kingship, and military monarchy.
Soils of India/ Karnataka State New syllabus/ Social Science/ Geography/ Chap...Jaidas Puthan Veetil
Soil is formed by weathering of rocks under different climates and deposited by denudation agents. The main types of soil in India are alluvial soil found in river plains, black soil suited for cotton in central India, red soil covering much of the Deccan plateau, laterite soil in high rainfall areas, desert soil in arid northwest India, and mountain soil rich in nutrients. Soil erosion due to factors like deforestation, overgrazing, and unscientific farming methods needs to be prevented through conservation methods like contour ploughing, bunds, terracing, afforestation, and controlled grazing/irrigation.
This document discusses the classification of agro-ecological zones in India based on physiography, soil, climate, and length of growing period. It outlines how India can be divided into 5 major physiographic divisions (mountains, plains, plateau, coastal belts, islands) which are further divided into 19 ecological regions based on factors like climate, soil properties, and topography. Soil types, climate conditions, and length of growing period also influence the delineation of agro-climatic and agro-ecological zones in India for agricultural planning and development.
The document summarizes the different types of soils found in India according to the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). It discusses 8 major types of soils - alluvial soil, black cotton soil, red and yellow soil, laterite soil, mountain or forest soil, arid or desert soil, saline and alkaline soil, and peaty and marshy soil. Each type is described in terms of its composition, location within India, agricultural usage, and distinguishing characteristics. Key crops grown in each soil type are also mentioned.
This document provides information about different types of soils found in India. It discusses alluvial soil, black soil, red soil, mountain soil, desert soil, saline and alkaline soils, peaty and marshy soils, residual soils, marine soils, glacial soils, and wind-blown soils. For each soil type, it describes where they are found, how they are formed, their composition and properties. The document aims to educate the reader about the various soils across India and their characteristics.
A Slide Of an Environment or Discoverable by Shivam and that i want public download my PowerPoint self made and i uploaded to SlideShare Slide Name: Soil Types Found In India
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Shivam Palta
The document provides information on the classification of soils in India according to the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). It discusses the eight main types of soils in India - alluvial soil, black cotton soil, red and yellow soil, laterite soil, mountainous or forest soil, arid or desert soil, saline and alkaline soil, and peaty and marshy soil. For each soil type, it provides details on their composition, location in India, characteristics, and common crops cultivated. It also discusses soil profile, soil erosion, conservation methods, and provides sample questions regarding Indian soil types that may be asked in UPSC civil services examinations.
Soil is formed through weathering and erosion of rocks over long periods of time. The main types of soil in India are black soil, red soil, alluvial soil, and laterite soil. Black soil forms from lava rock in areas like Maharashtra and is suitable for cotton. Alluvial soil covers nearly half of India and forms from silt deposited by rivers, making it fertile for crops.
India's soils are classified based on their formation process and location. The major soil types are black soil, red soil, laterite soil, and alluvial soil. Black soil covers around 16% of India and forms from weathered volcanic basalt rock. It is generally fertile but deficient in nutrients. Alluvial soil covers around 40% of India and forms from silt deposited by river flooding. It is found in river basins and coastal areas.
The document describes the different types of soils found in Assam, India. The main types discussed are alluvial soil, hill soil, lateritic soil, and piedmont soil. Alluvial soil is the most extensively distributed soil, found over river plains. It can be divided into younger alluvial soil near rivers and older alluvial soil further away. Hill soils in the southern hilly regions vary from red sandy to red loamy soils. Lateritic soils are found in the N.C. Hills district and parts of other districts. Piedmont soils are concentrated along the foothills of the Himalayas and include Bhabar and Tarai soils. The typical characteristics of Assam soils are acid
The document discusses different classifications of soils in India based on various factors. Soils are classified based on their texture, color, location, and genesis. The major soil types include alluvial, black, red and yellow, laterite, arid, saline, peaty, and forest soils. Alluvial soils cover 40% of India and are found in river valleys and plains. They are classified further as Khadar and Bhangar soils based on their location and age of deposition.
Soil is a complex mixture that supports life on Earth. It is formed through physical, chemical, and biological processes that act on underlying parent material. Soil formation results in distinct layers, including an organic-rich top layer and subsurface layers with accumulated clay, humus, and other materials.
The document goes on to describe the main types of soils found in India, including alluvial soils deposited by rivers, black soils found in central India, red soils of southern and eastern regions, laterite soils rich in iron and aluminum, arid soils of western deserts, and saline/alkaline soils containing excess salts. Each soil type has characteristic properties and supports different agricultural crops depending on its composition.
The document summarizes the major soil types found in India. It begins by defining soil and its important functions. It then discusses the key factors that affect soil formation. The major soil types described include alluvial soil, black soil, red soil, laterite soil, desert soil, and mountain soil. For each soil type, the document provides details on formation, composition, geographic distribution within India, and common crops grown. The alluvial soil type is further divided into khadar and bhangar soils based on age and properties. Overall, the document concisely outlines the different soil categories in India and their distinguishing characteristics in 3 paragraphs or less.
India has various types of soil formed by weathering of rocks under different climates and deposition by denudation agents. The six main types are alluvial, black, red, laterite, desert, and mountainous soils. Alluvial soil covers over 7.7 million square km in areas like Uttar Pradesh and covers the most extensive areas. Black soil is best for cotton and found in states like Maharashtra. Red soil covers over 5.18 lakh km2 across central and southern India. Soil erosion due to deforestation, overgrazing, and unscientific farming methods affects soil fertility and agricultural productivity. Conservation methods like terracing, afforestation, check dams, and planned grazing help
1) Soil in Maharashtra can be grouped into four main types - black soil, alluvial soil, red soil, and laterite soil - based on their characteristics and geographical distribution.
2) Black soil forms from weathered basalt rock. It is found mainly in central Maharashtra and is suitable for crops like cotton, sugarcane, fruits, wheat, and pulses.
3) Alluvial soil forms in river basins and flood plains from continuous deposition. It is found along major rivers in Maharashtra and is best for crops like rice, wheat, sugarcane, tomatoes, and cotton.
The document discusses different types of soils found in India. It describes alluvial soil, which is the most widely spread soil deposited by river systems. Alluvial soil is further divided into old alluvial and new alluvial soils. Black soil is volcanic in origin and ideal for growing cotton. Red and yellow soil develops on igneous rock in low rainfall areas of the Deccan plateau. The types of soil are determined by factors like climate, vegetation, parent rock type and relief of the land.
This document discusses different types of problematic soils including acidic, saline, and alkali soils. It provides details on the characteristics and causes of each soil type as well as management practices. Acidic soils have a pH below 7 and are common in India. Saline soils contain excess salts and are found in certain states. Alkali soils have a high pH and hard layers. The document also covers physical properties of problematic soils such as soil crusting, water logging, erosion, and swelling.
The document describes different types of soils found in India:
Black soil is found in the Deccan plateau and has the ability to retain moisture. It is used for growing cotton. Alluvial soil covers large parts of the country and is formed by rivers in northern and coastal plains, making it very fertile. Laterite soil is found on hill slopes in areas with heavy rainfall. Desert soil has a sandy texture, poor clay and moisture content, and lacks nitrogen. Mountain soil is found in hill areas and forests, and is rich in humus. Red soil is red due to iron and is found in peninsular and northeast India.
The document describes different types of soils found in India:
Black soil is found in the Deccan plateau and has the ability to retain moisture. It is used for growing cotton. Alluvial soil covers large parts of the country and is formed by rivers, making it very fertile. Laterite soil is found on hill slopes in areas of heavy rainfall. Desert soil is sandy with poor clay and moisture content. Mountain soil is found in hill regions and is rich in nutrients. Red soil is red due to iron and is found in peninsular and northeast India.
This document provides information about soil, including its definition, components, formation processes, types, properties, classification, surveys, and relationship with plants. It begins by defining soil from traditional, geologic, engineering, and agronomic perspectives. The main components of soil are described as being decomposition, translocation, leaching, and weathering. The document then discusses the major soil types found in India and their characteristics. It also outlines some key physical and chemical properties of soil and how soil surveys are conducted. In the end, it briefly explains the important relationship between soil and plants.
Resource and Development nilay kapasia.pptxJAYAPATEL52
The document discusses different types of soils found in India. It describes alluvial soil, which is very fertile and found in northern plains, deposited by rivers like the Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra. It is rich in nutrients. Black soil covers parts of central India and is ideal for cotton. Red or yellow soils are found in southern and eastern parts of the Deccan plateau. Laterite soil, rich in iron but deficient in nutrients, is found in southern states. Arid soil in parts of Rajasthan and Gujarat is saline with low humus. Forest soil in hilly and forest regions is acidic with low humus.
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2. TYPES OF SOILS
Eight major types according to Indian Council of
Agricultural Research (ICAR).
Alluvial soils
Black soils
Red soils
Laterite soils
Desert soils
Mountain soils
Saline and Alkaline soils
Peaty and Marshy soils
3. ALLUVIAL SOILFormed by deposition of alluvium by rivers.
Occupies 15 Lakh sqkm area in India.
Contribute greatly in agricultural development.
Two types: KHADAR & BHANGAR
KHADAR: Newer alluvium.
Sandy, pale brown composition.
Found in lower areas.
Flooded every year.
4. ALLUVIAL SOIL
Characteristics: Transported soils.
Coarser in upper section and finest in delta.
Light to dark in colour.
Rich in Potash & Humus.
Poor in Phosphorous and Nitrogen.
Highly fertile, good for all crops (kharif & rabi).
Crops: Rice, Wheat, Sugarcane, Cotton, Jute.
Areas: Punjab, Haryana, U.P, Bihar, W.B, Assam,
Parts of Orissa, delta regions of S.India
5. BLACK SOIL
Also known as Regur or Black Cotton soil.
Dark grey to Black in colour.
High clay content.
Highly moist retentive.
Develops cracks in summer.
Covers 5.4 lakh sqkm.
Highly suitable for cotton.
Rich in iron, lime, calcium, Magnesium, carbonates, and
alumina.
6. BLACK SOIL
Poor in Phosphorous, Nitrogen and Organic matter.
The soil is black in colour because it is volcanic in origin
Created from igneous rocks, and is called ‘regur soil’
Areas: Deccan Trap which includes: Maharastra, Wn
M.P, Parts of A.P, Nn
Karnataka, Parts of T.N and
Rajasthan.
Crops: Cotton, Sugarcane, Groundnut, Millets, Rice,
Wheat, Oilseeds.
7. RED SOIL
Formed due to weathering of old crystalline rocks in the areas of low
rainfall.
More sandy and less clayey.
Rich in iron, small amount of Humus.
Poor in phosphorus, nitrogen and lime.
Slightly acidic and do not retain moisture.
3.5 lakhs sq.km area.
Porous and Friable.
Area :
Tamil Nadu, Southern Karnataka, parts of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, West
Bengal, Eastern Rajasthan, North eastern Sates.
Crops :
Ragi, Groundnut, millet, Tobacco, Potato, Rice, Wheat, Sugarcane.
8. The red colour is because of the
diffusion of iron in the form of iron
oxide in the crystalline and
metamorphic rocks
It looks yellow
when it is in the
hydrated form
9. LATERITE SOIL Latin word meaning brick.
Formed under high temperature and rainfall with wet and dry spell.
Silica is leached due to high rainfall.
Remnants of iron and aluminum oxides left behind is know as Laterite.
Brown to Yellowish colour.
Becomes hard when exposed to atmosphere.
Used as building material.
Rich in Iron.
Poor in Lime, Potash, & Magnesium.
Occupies 2.4 Lakh sqkm.
The humus content in the laterite soil is less because the micro-organisms and
decomposers get destroyed in the high temperature.
Areas: Parts of Assam, Karnataka, T.N, A.P, M.P, Kerala.
Crops: After taking soil conservation measures, this soil is suitable for Tea, Coffee,
Cashew, Rubber and Coconut.
10. Laterite has been derived from the Latin word ‘later’
that means brick.
Laterite Soil
11. RT SOIL
Contains soluble salts.
Red to brown in colour.
Originated by Mechanical disintegration & wind deposit.
Porous and coarse.
90% sand & 5% clay.
Rich in Nitrates & Phosphates.
Poor in Nitrogen & Humus.
Friable, sandy & low moist content.
1.4 Lakh sqkm.
Areas: Arid and Semi arid regions
of Rajasthan, S
n
Haryana, Punjab,
N
n
Gujarat.
12. MOUNTAIN SOIL
Found in hill slopes.
Formed by deposition of organic matter from forest.
Rich in humus.
Poor in Potash and Lime.
Areas: Assam, Kashmir, Sikkim & Arunachal Pradesh.
Crops: Tea, Coffee, Spices & Tropical Fruits.
13. SALINE & ALKALINE SOIL
Contains salts like Sodium, Magnesium, Calcium.
Infertile, unfit for cultivation.
Sandy to loamy in texture.
Areas:
Parts of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, U.P
& Maharashtra.
14. PEATY AND MARSHY SOIL
Occur in Humid region.
Formed by accumulation of organic matter.
Black in colour.
Highly acidic and heavy.
Areas:
Kottayam & Alleppey in Kerala, Coastal Orissa,
Sundarbans of W.B
15. SOIL EROSION
EFFECTS:
Loss of cultivable land.
Reduction in soil fertility.
Causes silting & may change river course.
Results in lots of run off.
Reduces percolation of ground water.
CAUSES:
Deforestation
Overgrazing.
Faulty method of Agriculture.
Erosion by rivers.
Removal of top soil (for bricks, pots, tiles etc)
Shifting cultivation.
16. SOIL CONSERVATION
Measures For Soil Conservation:
Contour farming.
Mulching ( spreading of grass, leaves on ground).
Afforestation and Reforestation.
Controlled grazing.
Construction of dams and barrages
Crop rotation.
Sub soiling.
Terrace farming.