The document discusses different types of soils found in India. It describes alluvial soil, which is the most widely spread soil deposited by river systems. Alluvial soil is further divided into old alluvial and new alluvial soils. Black soil is volcanic in origin and ideal for growing cotton. Red and yellow soil develops on igneous rock in low rainfall areas of the Deccan plateau. The types of soil are determined by factors like climate, vegetation, parent rock type and relief of the land.

2. 10 th B Roll No.-22 Topic-Soil Priyanka Sagar

3. The thin layer of grainy substance covering the surface of the earth is called soil. 2. Soil is the upper layer of the crust and is closely linked to the land. 3. Landform determine the type of soil. Soil

5. Factors affecting soil formation Climate Vegetation Age of rock Relief and Parent rock

6. According to colour,thickness,age,texture,chemical composition and physical properties different types of soils are as follows: According to colour,thickness,age,texture,chemical composition and physical properties different types of soils are as follows : Alluvial soil Red and Yellow soil Laterite soil Black soil Arid soil Forest soil Types of soil

7. Major soil types

8. Alluvial soil The most widely spread and important soil. Spreads over northern entire plains. Deposited by three river system. Can be seen in the deltas of eastern river too.

9. According to age to age alluvial soil can be classified in old alluvial (Bangar) and new alluvial (Khadar). New alluvial is more fertile tha old alluvial. Has adequate proportion of potash,phospharic acid and lime. Ideal for sugarcane,paddy,wheat and other cereals and pulse crops. So, the region of alluvial soil is thickly populated and intensively cultivated

10. Alluvial Soil deposited by the rivers

11. The soil is black in colour and it is volcanic in origin. Created from igneous rock, and is called ‘ regur soil ’. It is ideal for growing cotton and so called black cotton soil . Black soil covers part of Maharashtra,Saurashtra,Malwa, Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh Black soil

12. Black Soil

13. Red and Yellow Soil develops on crystalline igneous rock in the areas of low rainfall in the eastern and southern part of Deccan Plateau Also found in parts of Orissa, Chattisgarh,south of middle Ganga Plain and the eastern piedmont zone of western Ghats Red and Yellow soil

14. The red colour is because of the diffusion of iron in the form of iron oxide in the crystalline and metamorphic rock. It looks yellow when it is in the hydrate form.