The document summarizes the major soil types found in India. It begins by defining soil and its important functions. It then discusses the key factors that affect soil formation. The major soil types described include alluvial soil, black soil, red soil, laterite soil, desert soil, and mountain soil. For each soil type, the document provides details on formation, composition, geographic distribution within India, and common crops grown. The alluvial soil type is further divided into khadar and bhangar soils based on age and properties. Overall, the document concisely outlines the different soil categories in India and their distinguishing characteristics in 3 paragraphs or less.

1. K L E SOCITY’S COLLEGE OF EDUCATION VIDYANAGAR HUBBALLI-31
SUBJECT: ICT
TOPIC : SOILS IN INDIA
SUBMITTED TO
SHREE PRADEEP A LAXITTI
SUBMITTED BY
RABIYA HARIBEEDI
B.Ed. 1ST YEAR

2. SOIL
Introduction:
Soil is a mixture of organic matter , gases, liquids, and organisms
That together support life. Earth ’s body of soil , called the pedoshere,
has Four important functions : as a medium for plant growth as a
means of water Storage , supply and purification as a modifier of
earth’ s atmosphere as a Habitant for organisms.

3. SOILS OF INDIA
 loose materials and uppermost layer of earth’s crust
 Important nature resources.
 Formed due to Weathering of rocks.
 provides nutrients and water to plants
•Factors affecting soil formation
climate
vegetation
Age of rock
Relief and
parent rock

4. TYPES OF SOILS
Eight major types according to Indian council of agricultural research(ICAR)
•Alluvial soils
•Black soils
•Red soils
•Late rite soils
•Desert soils
•Mountain soils

5. ALLUVIAL SOIL
 Formed by deposition of alluvium by rivers.
 occupies 15 Lakh Sqkm area in India.
 contributes greatly in agricultural development.
o Two types : KHADAR & BHANGAR
1. KHADAR: newer alluvium
Sandy, pale brown composition
Found in lower areas
Flooded every year.
2. BANGAR: older alluvium.
 Clayey & dark in colour.
 Contains Kankar (lime nodules), pebbles
And Gravels.
Represented riverine alluvium of Himalayan
Rivers.

6. Black soil
• Also known as regur or black cotton soil
• Dark grey to black in colour
• High clay content
• Highly moist retentive
• Develop cracks in summer
• Covers 5.4 lakh sqkm
• Highly suitable for cotton
• Rich in iron ,lime ,calcium ,magnesium ,carbonates ,and alumina
• Poor in phosphorous, Nitrogen and Organic matter.
• Areas: Deccan trap which includes: Maharashtra, W’M.P.parts of
• A .P, N’Karnataka , parts of T.N and Rajasthan
• Crops : cotton , sugarcane , Groundnut, Millets, Rice, Wheat, oilseeds.

7. RED SOIL
Formed due to weathering of old crystalline rocks
 more sandy and less clayey .
 Rich in iron , small amount of humus.
 Poor in phosphorus, nitrogen and lime
 slightly acidic and do not retain moisture .
 3.5 lakhs sq.km area .
 porous and Friable
Area:
Tamil nadu , southern Karnataka , parts of Madhya Pradesh
,Maharashtra, West Bengal, North eastern states.
Crops : Ragi, Groundnuts , millet, Tobacco, potato, rice , wheat , sugarcane

8. LATERITE SOIL
Latin word meaning brick .
Formed under high temperature and rain fall with wet and dry spell.
Silica is leached due to high rainfall.
Remnants of iron and aluminum oxides left behind is know as Late rite.
Brown to yellowish colour .
Becomes hard when exposed to atmosphere.
Used as building material.
Rich in iron
Poor in lime, potash ,& magnesium .
Occupies 2.4 lakh sqkm.
Areas: Parts of Assam, Karnataka, T.N, A.P M.P, Kerala
Crops: Tea , coffee, Cashew, Rubber and coconut.

9. DESERT SOIL
Contains soluble salts .
Originated by mechanical disintegration and wind deposit.
Porous and coarse.
90% sand & 5% clay
Rich in nitrates &phosphates.
Poor in nitrogen and humus
Friable, sandy and low moist content .
1.4 lakh sqkm.
Areas: Arid and semi arid regions of Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab , N Gujarat.
Crops: Drought resistant Crops like millets and barley.

10. Mountain soil
•Found in hill slopes .
•Formed by deposition of organic matter from forest.
•Rich in humus .
•Poor in potash and lime .
•Areas: Assam , Kashmir , Sikkim, & Arunachal Pradesh.
•Crops : Tea, coffee, Spices ,& Tropical Fruits.

11. THANK YOU