The document describes several major soil types found in India: - Black soil, also known as Regur or Black Cotton soil, is dark grey to black with high clay content and moisture retention. It covers 5.4 lakh square kilometers and is suitable for cotton. - Red soil forms from weathered crystalline rocks. It is more sandy, less clayey, and poor in nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen. It covers 3.5 lakh square kilometers. - Laterite soil forms in hot, wet climates and is high in iron and aluminum oxides, giving it a brown to yellow color. It is used as a building material. - Desert soil is sandy, porous, and low in nutrients

4. BLACK SOIL Also known as Regur or Black
Cotton soil. Dark grey to Black in color. High
clay content. Highly moist retentive. Develops
cracks in summer. Covers 5.4 lakh sq. km.
Highly suitable for cotton. Rich in iron, lime,
calcium,Magnesium,carbonates, and alumina.

6. RED SOIL Formed due
to weathering of old
crystalline rocks.
More sandy and less
clayey. Rich in iron,
small amount of
Humus. Poor in
phosphorus, nitrogen
and lime. Slightly
acidic and do not
retain moisture. 3.5
lakhs sq.km area.
Porous and Friable.

8. LATERITE SOIL Latin
word meaning brick.
Formed under high
temperature and
rainfall with wet and
dry spell. Silica is
leached due to high
rainfall.
Remnants of iron and aluminum oxides left
behind is know as Laterite. Brown to
Yellowish color. Becomes hard when
exposed to atmosphere. Used as building
material.

10. DESERT SOIL Contains soluble salts. Originated by
Mechanical disintegration & wind deposit. Porous
and coarse. 90% sand & 5% clay. Rich in Nitrates &
Phosphates. Poor in Nitrogen & Humus. Friable,
sandy & low moist content. 1.4 Lakh sqkm.

12. MOUNTAIN SOIL Found in hill slopes.
Formed by deposition of organic matter
from forest. Rich in humus. Poor in Potash
and Lime. Areas: Assam, Kashmir, Sikkim &
Arunachal Pradesh. Crops: Tea, Coffee,
Spices & Tropical Fruits.

14. ALLUVIAL soil is formed when a soil-
carrying stream gradually loses its carrying
capacity with decreasing velocity. In slowing
down, a river does not have sufficient power to
keep the large particles of soil suspended; these
particles settle to the riverbed. Further decrease in
velocity causes smaller particles to settle. These
particles are deposited, finally, at the mouth of the
river, where they form DELTAS of fine-grained soil.

16. Loam is soil composed
of sand, silt, and clay in
relatively even
concentration (about
40-40-20%
concentration
respectively).[1] Loam
soils generally contain
more nutrients
and humus than sandy soils, have better
infiltration and drainage than silty soils, and are
easier to till than clay soils. Loams are gritty,
moist, and retain water easily.

18. Clay is a naturally
occurring aluminium
silicate composed primarily
of fine-grained minerals.
Clay deposits are mostly
composed of clay minerals,
a subtype ofphyllosilicate
minerals, which
impart plasticity and
harden when fired or dried; they also may contain variable
amounts of water trapped in the mineral structure
bypolar attraction. Organic materials which do not impart
plasticity may also be a part of clay deposits.

20. SUBMITTED BY:
AJMAL AKSAR
SUBMITTED TO:
RUCHI MA’AM