Major soil types in India include alluvial soils, red soils, black soils, lateritic soils, desert soils, saline and alkaline soils, peaty and marshy soils, and forest and hill soils. Alluvial soils are very productive but often deficient in nitrogen, humus and phosphorus. Red soils are light textured with porous structures and are deficient in nitrogen, humus, phosphoric acid and lime. Black soils, also known as black cotton soils, are mostly clay soils that crack during dry seasons and are deficient in nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter but rich in calcium, potassium and magnesium. Lateritic soils are low in nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, lime and magnesium.