This document discusses soil biology and soil fertility restoration. It defines key terms related to soil biology such as soil life, soil biota, and soil fauna. It explains the importance of soil biology for soil health, including roles in aggregate formation, plant growth, nutrient cycling, nitrogen fixation, water storage, and filtration. Regarding soil fertility restoration, it defines soil fertility and describes natural methods to restore it, including using organic fertilizers, animal manure, green manure, and compost. It also discusses causes of soil fertility loss and problems with soil restoration like compaction, loss of structure, and salinity.
What are the Organic Fertilizers Used in AgricultureShivaniPadole
Natural fertilizers derived from animals and plants are known as organic fertilizers. Carbonic compounds, which are necessary for plant growth, are added to the soil as a result. Organic fertilizers alter the physical and chemical properties of the soil, encourage microorganism reproduction, and raise the amount of organic matter in the soil. It is viewed as one of the primary supplements for green food. These pesticides can be induced genetically in plants through genetic engineering or can be found naturally in microorganisms. Soil contamination and pollution from a variety of chemicals, like fluoroacetamide, can be avoided by using Biopesticides. Additionally, they are less likely to irritate animal and human skin.
Lucent Bio has solved the micronutrient delivery problem.
Soileos is a soil-applied, smart crop nutrition delivery system. It enhances yields, crop resilience, and soil health with on-time nutrient delivery and sustained
bioavailability, allowing the crop to maximize its genetic potential. Lucent Bio’s patented technology upcycles cellulose derived from crop processing residues such as lentil, pea, or rice husks into a sustainable delivery agent for nutrients.
Soileos is a dry granular product of a similar size and weight to conventional dry granular products. Unlike conventional products, Soileos’ organic substrate means soil organic carbon levels are enhanced through its use. The net result is higher crop yields, improved nutrient density, and healthier soils with higher carbon.
This whitepaper contains the results of research on Soileos by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada to declare the mode of action and the interaction with the soil
microbiome with a focus on microbial activity.
It was found that Soileos triggers an increase in microbial biomass due to the biologically available source of carbon—cellulose—a core component of Soileos.
Nutrients are delivered from Soileos to the crop using the symbiotic relationships between soil microbes and plants. The microbial community consumes the bioavailable carbon and begins to cycle, releasing the micronutrients back into the ecosystem in a bioavailable form ready for crop uptake. Research has also demonstrated that soil treated with Soileos results in minimal leaching, even at
high application, proving that Soileos is environmentally safe.
Soileos provides a climate-smart solution for nutrient management in modern farming practices.
Cost effective ways to maintain soil fertility and nutrient cycling in the farmDorothy_Sanderson
The impact of conventional fruit and crop farming on the soil has been documented extensively over the years. People are now well aware that intensive agricultural activities, such as irrigation, chemical and biocide spraying and the use of heavy machinery, deplete the nutrients in the soil and prevent them from coming back.
What are the Organic Fertilizers Used in AgricultureShivaniPadole
Natural fertilizers derived from animals and plants are known as organic fertilizers. Carbonic compounds, which are necessary for plant growth, are added to the soil as a result. Organic fertilizers alter the physical and chemical properties of the soil, encourage microorganism reproduction, and raise the amount of organic matter in the soil. It is viewed as one of the primary supplements for green food. These pesticides can be induced genetically in plants through genetic engineering or can be found naturally in microorganisms. Soil contamination and pollution from a variety of chemicals, like fluoroacetamide, can be avoided by using Biopesticides. Additionally, they are less likely to irritate animal and human skin.
Lucent Bio has solved the micronutrient delivery problem.
Soileos is a soil-applied, smart crop nutrition delivery system. It enhances yields, crop resilience, and soil health with on-time nutrient delivery and sustained
bioavailability, allowing the crop to maximize its genetic potential. Lucent Bio’s patented technology upcycles cellulose derived from crop processing residues such as lentil, pea, or rice husks into a sustainable delivery agent for nutrients.
Soileos is a dry granular product of a similar size and weight to conventional dry granular products. Unlike conventional products, Soileos’ organic substrate means soil organic carbon levels are enhanced through its use. The net result is higher crop yields, improved nutrient density, and healthier soils with higher carbon.
This whitepaper contains the results of research on Soileos by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada to declare the mode of action and the interaction with the soil
microbiome with a focus on microbial activity.
It was found that Soileos triggers an increase in microbial biomass due to the biologically available source of carbon—cellulose—a core component of Soileos.
Nutrients are delivered from Soileos to the crop using the symbiotic relationships between soil microbes and plants. The microbial community consumes the bioavailable carbon and begins to cycle, releasing the micronutrients back into the ecosystem in a bioavailable form ready for crop uptake. Research has also demonstrated that soil treated with Soileos results in minimal leaching, even at
high application, proving that Soileos is environmentally safe.
Soileos provides a climate-smart solution for nutrient management in modern farming practices.
Cost effective ways to maintain soil fertility and nutrient cycling in the farmDorothy_Sanderson
The impact of conventional fruit and crop farming on the soil has been documented extensively over the years. People are now well aware that intensive agricultural activities, such as irrigation, chemical and biocide spraying and the use of heavy machinery, deplete the nutrients in the soil and prevent them from coming back.
organic farming is very helpful for nutrition security in India. now a days all food crops are adulterated which leads to varies new disorders in human health
Why Soil Conditioner Is Important For Healthy GardeningShivaniPadole
Soil conditioners, also called soil amendments, assist improve soil structure by increasing aeration, water holding capacity, and nutrients. They assist chop up compacted clay soils that lack enough space for air and water, which square measure vital for microorganisms to thrive and for plant roots to grow. They additionally cycle nutrients otherwise sure up within the soil. Soil conditioners embody a spread of merchandise made of many alternative materials, each organic and inorganic. Organic (carbon-based) soil conditioners like Bloom can be made of animal manure, fertilizer from yard waste or food waste, cover crop remnant, biosolids, sawdust, ground pine bark, peat moss, or other materials. Common ingredients in inorganic soil conditioners on the other hand square measure usually mineral-based mostly, like enlarged clay or sedimentary rock and even sand.
Integrated Nutrient Management refers to the maintenance of soil fertility and of plant nutrient supply at an optimum level for sustaining the desired productivity through optimization of the benefits from all possible sources of organic, inorganic and biological components in an integrated manner
Integrated nutrient management (INM) involves efficient and judicious use of all the major components of plant nutrient sources for sustaining soil fertility, health and productivity
Integrated approach for plant nutrition is being advocated because single nutrient approach often reduces fertilizer use efficiency and consequently creates problem fertilizers can help in enhancing and maintaining stability in production with least degradation in chemical and physical properties of the soil.
A healthy soil is a living, dynamic ecosystem that performs many vital functions.
A healthy soil produces a healthy feed for consumption. Improved soil health often is indicated by improvement on physical, chemical and microbiological environment.
Introduction of high yielding varieties, irrigation and use of high analysis fertilizer without proper soil tests, accelerated the mining of native soil nutrient resources.
Under intensive cultivation without giving due consideration to nutrient requirement has resulted in decline in soil fertility and consequent productivity of crops
Vegetables are rich source of energy and nutrition.
90. Nutrient Management Under Organic Farming.pdfFaisal Rasool
Introduction:
Plant root system is always in close association with multitude of microorganisms and other nutrients. The microbes in root zone are maintained due to a variety of secretions from the roots and constitute what is often described as ‘rhizosphere’. These microbes in their turn supply nutrients to the soil system through their heterotrophic activity. Maintenance of these microbes in the rhizosphere, therefore, is also necessary for soil health. Crop productivity and nutrient cycles, however, are integral parts of the exploitation of soil health and have led to soil degradation through nutrient depletion and erosion, so that long term strategies are needed to avoid the use of chemical fertilizers without adversely affecting crop productivity. The use of organic manures, composts, Biofertilizers has received increased attention in our cropping systems. Following are the components in nutrient management system.
Medicinal plants have been identified and used throughout human history. Plants make many chemical compounds that are for biological functions, including defence against insects, fungi and herbivorous mammals. At least 12,000 such compounds have been isolated so far; a number estimated to be less than 10% of the total.Chemical compounds in plants mediate their effect on the human body through processes identical to those already well understood for the chemical compounds in conventional drugs; thus herbal medicines do not differ greatly from conventional drugs in terms of how they work. it is important to know various factors that affects medicinal plant cultivation.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
organic farming is very helpful for nutrition security in India. now a days all food crops are adulterated which leads to varies new disorders in human health
Why Soil Conditioner Is Important For Healthy GardeningShivaniPadole
Soil conditioners, also called soil amendments, assist improve soil structure by increasing aeration, water holding capacity, and nutrients. They assist chop up compacted clay soils that lack enough space for air and water, which square measure vital for microorganisms to thrive and for plant roots to grow. They additionally cycle nutrients otherwise sure up within the soil. Soil conditioners embody a spread of merchandise made of many alternative materials, each organic and inorganic. Organic (carbon-based) soil conditioners like Bloom can be made of animal manure, fertilizer from yard waste or food waste, cover crop remnant, biosolids, sawdust, ground pine bark, peat moss, or other materials. Common ingredients in inorganic soil conditioners on the other hand square measure usually mineral-based mostly, like enlarged clay or sedimentary rock and even sand.
Integrated Nutrient Management refers to the maintenance of soil fertility and of plant nutrient supply at an optimum level for sustaining the desired productivity through optimization of the benefits from all possible sources of organic, inorganic and biological components in an integrated manner
Integrated nutrient management (INM) involves efficient and judicious use of all the major components of plant nutrient sources for sustaining soil fertility, health and productivity
Integrated approach for plant nutrition is being advocated because single nutrient approach often reduces fertilizer use efficiency and consequently creates problem fertilizers can help in enhancing and maintaining stability in production with least degradation in chemical and physical properties of the soil.
A healthy soil is a living, dynamic ecosystem that performs many vital functions.
A healthy soil produces a healthy feed for consumption. Improved soil health often is indicated by improvement on physical, chemical and microbiological environment.
Introduction of high yielding varieties, irrigation and use of high analysis fertilizer without proper soil tests, accelerated the mining of native soil nutrient resources.
Under intensive cultivation without giving due consideration to nutrient requirement has resulted in decline in soil fertility and consequent productivity of crops
Vegetables are rich source of energy and nutrition.
90. Nutrient Management Under Organic Farming.pdfFaisal Rasool
Introduction:
Plant root system is always in close association with multitude of microorganisms and other nutrients. The microbes in root zone are maintained due to a variety of secretions from the roots and constitute what is often described as ‘rhizosphere’. These microbes in their turn supply nutrients to the soil system through their heterotrophic activity. Maintenance of these microbes in the rhizosphere, therefore, is also necessary for soil health. Crop productivity and nutrient cycles, however, are integral parts of the exploitation of soil health and have led to soil degradation through nutrient depletion and erosion, so that long term strategies are needed to avoid the use of chemical fertilizers without adversely affecting crop productivity. The use of organic manures, composts, Biofertilizers has received increased attention in our cropping systems. Following are the components in nutrient management system.
Medicinal plants have been identified and used throughout human history. Plants make many chemical compounds that are for biological functions, including defence against insects, fungi and herbivorous mammals. At least 12,000 such compounds have been isolated so far; a number estimated to be less than 10% of the total.Chemical compounds in plants mediate their effect on the human body through processes identical to those already well understood for the chemical compounds in conventional drugs; thus herbal medicines do not differ greatly from conventional drugs in terms of how they work. it is important to know various factors that affects medicinal plant cultivation.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
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The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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2. TOPIC BJECTIVES:
AT THE END OF THIS TOPIC YOU CAN DEFIND THE FOLLOWING IN
SOIL BIOLOGY
1. YOU CAN DEFIND SOIL BIOLOGY
2. YOU WILL KNOW THE COLLECTIVE TERM IN SOIL BIOLOGY
3. YOU CAN COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE SOIL BIOLOGY IN SOIL HEALTH
4. YOU WILL KNOW THE IMPORTANCE AND REMINDERS OF SOIL BIOLOGY
5. YOU CAN APPLY AND CREATE YOUR OWN DEFINITIONS IN SOIL
BIOLOGY
3. TOPIC BJECTIVES:
AT THE END OF THIS TOPIC YOU CAN DEFIND THE FOLLOWING IN SOIL FERTILITY
RESTORATION
1. YOU CAN DEFIND THE SOIL FERTILITY RESTORATION
2. YOU WILL KNOW THE PROCESS ON HOW THE SOIL FERTILITY TO BE RESTORED
3. YOU WILL KNOW THE NATURAL METHODS TO RESTORE THE FERTILITY OF THE
SOIL
4. YOU WILL KNOW THE IMPORTANCE AND THE CAUSES OF SOIL FERTILITY
5. YOU CAN DEFIND YOUR OWN DEFINITION IN SOIL FERTILITY RESTORATION
4. SOIL BIOLOGY
Soil biology is the study of microbial and faunal activity and
ecology in soil. The decomposition of organic matter by soil
organisms has an immense influence on soil fertility, plant growth,
soil structure, and carbon storage.
Soil biology is a soil life, soil biota, soil fauna, or edaphon is a
collective term that encompasses all organisms that spend a
significant portion of their life cycle within a soil profile, or at the
soil-litter interface.
5. Soil life
Is a collective term for all the organisms living within the soil.
Soil biota
Refers to living creatures of soil, which include microorganisms
(bacteria, fungi).
Soil fauna
Includes representatives of many groups of terrestrial and aquatic
animals.
6. IMPORTANCE REMINDERS OF SOIL BIOLOGY
Soil is the essence of life.
Most life on earth depends upon the soil as a direct or indirect
source of food, water and shelter.
Soil is home of billions of organisms (25 millions insects and 1
millions earthworms).
Soil takes 1,000s of years to develop and is destroyed easily, so
it must be conserved in order to continue to support life.
10mm of soil takes between 100 to 1,000 years to form.
7. Importance of Soil Biology for Soil Health
1. Aggregate formation
Soil aggregates are formed through physical, chemical and
biological activity below ground. They are even influenced by human
factors, like tilling, walking on the surface, or even how you fertilize your
garden.
2. Plant growth enhancement
Plant growth enhancement are materials that typically are added
to soil, plants, or the plant-growth environment to enhance plant growth.
8. 3. Nutrient cycling
A nutrient cycle is a repeated pathway of a particular nutrient or
element from the environment through one or more organisms and back to
the environment.
4. N fixation
Nitrogen fixation is a chemical process by which molecular
nitrogen, with a strong triple covalent bond, in the air is converted into
ammonia or related nitrogenous compounds
9. 5. Water storage
The soil particles have small pores in them where water can enter
(soil water) and between the particles are larger pores that can be filled.
6. Water filtration
Water filtration is the process of removing or reducing the
concentration of particulate matter, including suspended particles,
parasites, bacteria, algae, viruses, and fungi, as well as other undesirable
chemical and biological contaminants from contaminated water to
produce safe and clean water for a specific purpose.
10. Role of Soil Biology
1. Nutrient mineralization
Mineralization is the conversion of a nutrient from the organic (i.e.
bound to carbon and hydrogen) form to the inorganic form. The process
occurs when organic materials, such as soil organic matter, manure, plant
residue, or bio solids, are decomposed by soil microorganisms.
2. Plant Production
The plant production system encompasses the basic genetic and
physiological regulations on plant growth, the impact on growth of soil, water,
nutrients, disease and pests and the influence of management processes.
11. 3. Water Purification and regulation
Water purification, process by which undesired chemical
compounds, organic and inorganic materials, and biological contaminants
are removed from water.
4. Carbon Cycling and storage
The carbon cycle is nature's way of reusing carbon atoms, which
travel from the atmosphere into organisms in the Earth and then back into
the atmosphere over and over again. Most carbon is stored in rocks and
sediments, while the rest is stored in the ocean, atmosphere, and living
organisms.
14. SOIL FERTILITY RESTORATION
What is soil fertility
Soil fertility is refers to the ability of soil to sustain agricultural plant
growth, and to provide plant habitat and result in sustained and consistent
yields of high quality.
How can soil fertility be restored?
Soil fertility restored can be further improved by incorporating cover crops
that add organic matter to the soil which leads to improved soil structure
and promotes a healthy fertile soil.
15. Improving soil fertility
Is the ability of soil to sustain plant growth and optimizer crop
yield. This can be enchained through organic and in organic fertilizer to
the soil.
16. THE NATURAL METHODS TO RESTORE THE FERTILITY OF
THE SOIL
1. Organic Fertilizer
It includes animal manure, crop residues, bone meal and
composite, become available to plants and only as they decompose.
It is a slow activity and long lasting too.
17. 2. Animal manure
It includes the dung and urine of cattle horses and poultry, and
other farm animals. It improves soil structure, adds organic nitrogen and
stimulates beneficial soil bacteria and fungi.
18. 3.Green manure
A brown color substance. Primarily to add nutrients and organic
matter to the soil. Typically it is grown for a specific period, and then
plowed and incorporated into soil.
19. 4. Compost
A natural soil and humus mixture that improves not only soil
fertility but also soil texture, such things as leaves, weeds and saw dust
are transformed by microbial attack.
20. 5. Crop rotation
The successive rotation of crop plants during a year. It lessens
damage by insects and disease. It also maintains soil fertility and reduces
soil erosion.
21. Different approaches to efficiently manage soil fertility
The use of grain legumes
Grain legumes are cultivated for their seeds, which are used for
human and animal consumption or for the production of oils for industrial
uses.
Enhance soil fertility through biological nitrogen fixation
When fixation bacteria die, the accumulated N in their biomass is
released into the soil. This way, they boost soil fertility naturally, allowing
farmers to save on synthetic fertilizers.
23. What is Restoration of soil fertility?
Fertilizers restore plant nutrients lost by erosion, crop harvesting
and leaching. Farmers can use either organic fertilizer from plant and
animal materials or commercial inorganic fertilizers produced from
various minerals.
The importance of soil fertility?
The main function provided by a fertile soil is the provision of
food, which is very important because fertile soil also provides essential
nutrients for plant growth to produce healthy food with all the necessary
nutrients needed for human health.
24. The causes of soil fertility
For all the fertility losses there are various causes in the different
regions of the country, in totality the major causes to soil fertility decline
is a land degradation which is caused through the different agents
25. 1. Soil Erosion
Soil erosion is the displacement of the upper layer of soil; it is a form of
soil degradation. This natural process is caused by the dynamic activity of
erosive agents, that is, water, ice, snow, air, plants, animals, and humans.
26. 2. Deforestation
Deforestation or forest clearance is the removal of a forest or stand of
trees from land that is then converted to non-forest use. Deforestation
can involve conversion of forest land to farms, ranches, or urban use.
The most concentrated deforestation occurs in tropical rainforests.
27. 3. Overgrazing
Overgrazing occurs when plants are exposed to intensive grazing for
extended periods of time, or without sufficient recovery periods. It can be
caused by either livestock in poorly managed agricultural applications,
game reserves, or nature reserves.
28. 4. Sedimentation
Sediment is the result of erosion. Sedimentation is the build-up of eroded
soil particles that are transported in runoff from their site of origin and
deposited in drainage systems, on other ground surfaces, or in bodies of
water or wetlands.
29. 5. Pollution
Soil pollution is defined as the build-up in soils of persistent toxic
compounds, chemicals, salts, radioactive materials, or disease causing
agents, which have adverse effects on plant growth and animal health.
30. There are 3 problems associated with soil restoration
1.Compaction
Is measured by dry unit weight and depends on the water content and
compactive effort.
31. 2.Loss of soil structure
The breakdown of aggregates and the removal of smaller particles or
entire layers of soil or organic matter can weaken the struct6 and even
change texture.
32. 3.Soil salinity
Salt is a naturally occurring mineral within soil and water that affect the
growth and vitality of plants.
33. THAT’S ALL FOR NOW!!
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING
GREEN GROUP
BILLONES
VINAS
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