evs presentatiion on Biodiversity and Gree House Efffects

1. BIODIVERSITY
AND
GREEN HOUSE EFFECTS
SUBMITTED BY
NABEEL MUHAMMED N
ROLL NO:35
ANEESALI M
ROLL No:2
ATHUL DAS PK
ROLL NO:19

2. BIODIVERSITY
 Introduction of biodiversity
 The term biodiversity
 Concept and types of biodiversity
 Biodiversity Hotspots
 Benefits of biodiversity
 Threats to biodiversity
 Conservation of Biodiversity
CONTENTS

3.  What is green house effect
 Green house effects
 Mechanism
 Green house gases
 Selected green house gases
 How CO2 controls Green House effect
 Conclusion
 References
GREEN HOUSE EFFECT

4. BIODIVERSITY

5. Introduction of Biodiversity
 The term Biodiversity was first coined by Walter G. Rosen in 1986.
 The biosphere comprises of a complex collections of innumerable
organisms, known as the Biodiversity, which constitute the vital life
support for survival of human race.
 Biological diversity, abbreviated as biodiversity, represent the sum total of
various life forms such as unicellular fungi, protozoa, bacteria, and multi
cellular organisms such as plants, fishes, and mammals at various
biological levels including gens, habitats, and ecosystem .

6. The Term Biodiversity
BIO:LIFE
DIVERSITY:VARIETY

7. CONCEPT AND TYPES
OF BIODIVERSITY
 Biodiversity is the variety of life forms on earth and the essential
interdependence of all living things.
 As defined in convention on Biological diversity singed at Rio De Jenerio
(Brazil) in 1992 by 154 countries, the Biodiversity defined as “the variability
among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial,
marine and other aquatic eco-systems and the ecological complexes of
which the area part- this include diversity with in species, between species
and of ecosystem.”
 According to IUCN in 1998, “the variety and variability of species of their
population, the variety of species of their life forms, the diversity of the
complex association with species with their interaction and their ecological
process which influences perform.”

8. There are three types of biodiversity
1. Diversity of Species
2. Diversity of Ecosystem
3. Diversity of Genes

9. BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS
 A region with high biodiversity with most of spices being Endemic.
 India have two Biodiversity Hotspots- East Himalayan Region and
Western Ghat.
 25 major hotspots together represent 1.4 % of the earth's land area, they
contain 44% of all plant species and 35% of all terrestrial vertebrate
species in the world.
No of Hotspots in India-3
1. Indo-Burma ( earlier Eastern Himalayas )
2. Western Ghats and Sri Lanka.
3. Himalayas. (Newly added)

10. BENEFITS OF BIODIVERSITY
Consumptive value:
 Food/Drink
 Fuel
 Medicine
 Batter crop varieties
 Industrial Material
Non-Consumptive Value:
 Recreation
 Education and Research
 Traditional value

11. THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY
Natural causes:
 Narrow geographical area
 Low population
 Low breeding rate
 Natural disasters
Anthropogenic causes:
 Habitat modification
 Overexploitation of selected
species
 Innovation by exotic species
 Pollution
 Hunting
 Global warming and
climate change
 Agriculture
 Domino effect

12. Conservation of Biodiversity
 Biodiversity inventories
 Conserving Biodiversity in protected Habitats-
 In situ conservation
 Ex situ conservation
 Seed Bank, Gene Bank, Pollen Bank, DNA Bank

13.  Restoration of Biodiversity
 Imparting Environmental Education
 Enacting, strengthening and enforcing Environmental Legislation
 Population Control
 Reviewing the agriculture practice
 Controlling Urbanization
 Conservation through Biotechnology

14. Biodiversity
Conservation
In situ
Sacred
groves
and lakes
Biosphere
Reserves
Terrestrial
Marine
National
parks,
wildlife
sanctuaries
Ex situ
Sacred plant
home garden
Seed Bank, Gene
bank,
Cryopreservation
Botanical garden,
Zoological garden,
Aquaria

15. BIODIVERSITY
AND
GREEN HOUSE EFFECTS
Green house Effect

16. What is Green House
In the cold countries, vegetables and essential crops are
produced in glass house which can hold the heat from sunlight
and the atmosphere inside the glass house remains hot at night.
This house is called green house.

17. Green House Effects
 Earth’s atmosphere is slightly warmer than what it should be due to
direct solar heating because of a mild case of Green House Effect.
• The ground is heated by visible and (some) infrared light from
the Sun.
• The heated surface emits infrared light.
• The majority of Earth’s atmosphere (N2 and O2) are not good
greenhouse gas.
• The small amount of greenhouse gases (H2O, CO2) traps (absorb
and re-emit) the infrared radiation, increasing the temperature
of the atmosphere

19. Mechanism
1. Shorter, high energy
wavelengths hit the earths
surface.
2. Incoming energy is converted
to heat.

20. 3. Longer, infrared wavelengths hit
Greenhouse gas molecules in the
atmosphere.
4. Greenhouse gas molecules in the
atmosphere emit infrared radiation
back towards earth.

21. Green House Gases

22. Selected Green House Gases
Carbon Dioxide
Source: Fossil fuel burning, deforestation .
Anthropogenic increase: 30%
Average atmospheric residence time: 500 years
Methane
Source: Rice cultivation, cattle & sheep ranching, decay from landfills,
mining .
Anthropogenic increase: 145%
Average atmospheric residence time: 7-10 years
Nitrous oxide
Source: Industry and agriculture (fertilizers)
Anthropogenic increase: 15%

23. How CO2
controls Green House effect
 Carbonate minerals form in the oceans at a higher rate.
 The rate at which the oceans dissolve CO2 gas increases, pulling CO2 out of the atmosphere.
 The reduced atmospheric CO2 concentration leads to a weakened greenhouse effect that
counteracts the initial warming and cools the planet back down.
 If earth cools a bit, Carbonate minerals form more slowly in the oceans.
 The rate at which the oceans dissolve CO2 gas decreases, allowing the CO2 released by
volcanism to build back up in the atmosphere.
 The increased CO2 concentration strengthens the greenhouse effect and warms the planet
back up.

24. CONCLUSION
In short, biodiversity is the variety of plant and animal
life in the world or in a particular habitat, a high level
of which is usually considered to be important and
desirable and the greenhouse effect is a natural
process that warms the Earth's surface. When the
Sun's energy reaches the Earth's atmosphere, some
of it is reflected back to space and the rest is
absorbed and re-radiated by greenhouse gases.

25. References
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity
 https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity
 http://www.biodiversitya-z.org/content/biodiversity
 http://www.greenfacts.org/en/biodiversity/l-3/1-define-biodiversity.htm
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_effect
 https://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/kids/basics/today/greenhouse-
effect.html
 https://www.ucar.edu/learn/1_3_1.htm
 http://www.livescience.com/37743-greenhouse-effect.html