The document summarizes the negative effects of chemical fertilizers on soil health and the environment. It states that earthworms died within 24 hours when exposed to a dose of urea fertilizer, and that they exhibited lesions on their skin. Meanwhile, earthworms in soil with organic fertilizer remained healthy. It also mentions that chemical fertilizers can contaminate groundwater and cause health issues in humans, and that they contain acids that can harm microorganisms and destroy soil structure.

4. Fragmented body of dead Eisenia foetida under 3.48gm/kg
dose of Urea within 24 hours. (All earthworms were dead) Earthworms crawling out of the tub under Urea fertilizer
Lesions in earthworm skin under urea fertilizer Healthy earthworms with well-developed in
soil with organic fertilizer.
.

5.  Kidney failure is
experienced due to
consumption of
polluted water which
is contaminated
through chemical
fertilizers that are
used for agriculture.
Anemia, skin rashes,
nausea and vomiting
are associated with
kidney failure.

6.  Many Chemical fertilizers contain sulphuric and
hydrochloric acid, which can cause serious harm to
beneficial microorganisms.
 The biggest issue facing the use of chemical fertilizers
is groundwater contamination. Nitrogen fertilizers
break down into nitrates and travel easily through the
soil. Because it is water-soluble and can remain in
groundwater for decades, the addition of more
nitrogen over the years has an accumulative effect.
 At the University of Wisconsin, Madison, they
discovered the effects of chemical fertilizers are
compounded when mixed with a single pesticide. They
discovered altered immune, endocrine and nervous
system functions in mice

7.  Groundwater contamination has been linked to
gastric cancer, goitre, birth malformations, and
hypertension3; testicular cancer4 and stomach
cancer.
 Chemical fertilizers contain acids such as
sulphuric and hydrochloric acid. These acids
dissolve cementing material thus destroys soil
structure.

8. Year Urea DAP MOP
 1991-92 140.04 45.18 17.01
 2000-01 191.86 58.84 18.29
 2012-13 300.02 91.54 22.11
 2013-14 306.00 73.57 22.80
 2014-15 306.10 76.26 28.53
Source:- Department of Fertilizers J&K

9. Year Urea DAP MOP
 2013-14 31192 11784 4343
 2014-15 32029 12002 4492
 2015-16 32858 12212 4643
 2016-17 33677 12413 4793
 2017-18 33754 12764 4934
Source:- Krishi Jagran

11. Only "living" things can have
health
Soil health, also referred to as
soil quality, is defined as the
continued capacity of soil to
function as a vital living
ecosystem that sustains plants,
animals, and humans. This
definition speaks to the
importance of managing soils so
they are sustainable for future
generations.

12.  Supplies nutrients for healthy plant growth
 Allows water to infiltrate freely
 Resists erosion
 Stores water
 Readily exchanges gases with the atmosphere
 Contains a large and diverse population of soil
biota
 Is not acidifying or salinising
 Has a range of pore spaces to house organisms,
nutrients and water

13. IN SHORT
Which contains all
essential nutrients in proper
amount and in available
form.
Which contains sufficient
amount of organic matter.
which contains sufficient
amount of benifical
microbial population.

14. Extension workers
 Soil respiration measurement.
 Presence of pathogens.
 Soil pH, conductivity..
 Microbial biomass.
 Nutrient levels.
 Physical indicators, e.g. Aggregate stability, and
infiltration rate

15.  Nature of roots (density, depth).
 Decomposition of litter.
 Macrofauna, including indicators such as
worm casts.
 N-fixing organisms, e.g. legume root nodules.
 Plant population profiles (+ weeds).
 Smell.
 Soil physical indicators, e.g. waterlogging and
compaction

16.  combines different methods of managing
nutrients and water. It is based on 1)
maximizing organic fertilizer use, 2)
minimizing nutrients loss and 3) using
inorganic fertilizer where applicable.
 ISFM can regenerate soils degraded through
loss of soil organic matter and/or nutrient loss.
It can also benefit soils suffering from physical
degradation and aridification. Six low-cost
ISFM technologies are:

18.  Maximizing soil health is
essential to maximizing
sustainable profitability.
This can be accomplished by:-
 Disturbing the soil as little as
possible.
 keeping living plants in the
soil as often as possible
 Addition of organic matter.
 Addition of biofertilizers.
 Regular soil testing.

20.  To make a Soil Health Card of Your
soil.
 To determine fertilizer requirements
 To determine problimatic soil.
 Application of fertilizers on soil test
basis.

21. There are four phases of soil testing
 Collection of soil sample
 Processing of soil sample
 Soil analysis
 Interpretation of results/Recomendations

23. IN Orichard:- It is
important to collect
the soil sample in a
scientific way
properly and
carefully because it
is the representative
of the whole area.

24.  Time
 Equipments
 Homogency
 Area
 Technique

28. UP to 1 Ha.= 1 composite sample

30. On drip line 1 meter deep

31. V Notch

33.  Mixing
 Drying
 Grinding
 Sieving
 Packing

37. Our Intervention

38. Application of Vermicompost in Apple

39. Application of Biofertilizers in Apple

41. Use of Vermi- Wash in Apple

43. Low Cast Vermicompost Unit

48. THANK YOU