This document outlines the course content for Principles of Animal Nutrition and Animal Feed Resources & Forage Conservation. For Principles of Animal Nutrition, the topics covered include the history and scope of animal nutrition science, classification and functions of nutrients, digestion mechanisms, and metabolism. Practical topics include identifying and analyzing feeds and forages. For Animal Feed Resources & Forage Conservation, theory topics cover feedstuff classification and quality, forage conservation techniques like haymaking and silage, and feed supplementation strategies. Practical sessions include forage and feed identification, hay and silage preparation, and analyzing silage samples. Recommended textbooks are also listed.
This slides contains information on precision feeding in dairy cattle and requirement of energy, protein, fat, minerals and vitamins of a dairy cattle during lactation. Precision feeding protects reproductive health and milk production while reducing the nutrient loss in manure.
Only 25-35% of the N in feed goes into milk, with the rest excreted in feces and urine.
Dairy diets often have 120-160% of the P and that the excess is excreted in the manure.
Cost of feed can be reduced.
Precision feeding helps to improve water quality
Improving the efficiency of use of feed N.
Reduce SARA condition.
Controlled-release urea in dairy cattle feed.
Straw treatment-Ammoniation.
Reducing Enteric Methane Losses from Ruminant Livestock.
Phase feeding in dairy cattle.
Feeding bypass fat in early lactation.
Use of chelated minerals in dairy animals.
Nutraceuticals in dairy animal precision feeding.
10. Use of area specific mineral mixture to precise dairy animal nutrition.
11. TMR in precision nutrition.
12. Manipulation of dietary CAD.
Five distinct feeding phases can be defined to attain optimum production, reproduction and health of dairy cows:
Early lactation—0 to 70 days (peak milk production) after calving (postpartum).
Peak DM intake—70 to 140 days (declining milk production) postpartum.
Mid and late lactation—140 to 305 days (declining milk production) postpartum.
Dry period—60 days before the next lactation.
Transition or close-up period—14 days before to parturition.
Feed top quality forage.
Make sure the diet contains adequate amounts of CP, DIP and UIP.
Increase grain intake at a constant rate after calving.
Consider adding fat (0.4-0.6 kg/cow/day) to diets.
Allow constant access to feed.
Minimize stress conditions.
Limit urea to 80-160g/day.
Buffers, such as Na bicarbonate alone or in combination with Mg oxide (rumen pH)
In Transition period
Increase grain feeding, so cows are consuming 4.5-6 kg grain/day at calving (1% of B.wt)
Increase protein in the ration to between 14 - 15 % of the ration DM
Limit fat in the ration to 0.1kg. High fat feeding will depress DM intake.
Maintain 2.5-4kg of long hay in the ration to stimulate rumination.
Feed a low-Ca ration (< 0.20%, reduce Ca intake to 14 to 18 g/d)
Also, feed a diet with a negative dietary electrolyte balance (-10 to -15meq/100 g DM) may alleviate milk fever problems
Niacin (to control ketosis) and/or anionic salts (to help prevent milk fever) should be included in the ration during this period.
Beef cattle are cattle raised for meat production (as distinguished from dairy cattle, used for milk production). The meat of adult cattle is known as beef. In beef production there are three main stages: cow-calf operations, backgrounding, and feedlot operations.
This slides contains information on precision feeding in dairy cattle and requirement of energy, protein, fat, minerals and vitamins of a dairy cattle during lactation. Precision feeding protects reproductive health and milk production while reducing the nutrient loss in manure.
Only 25-35% of the N in feed goes into milk, with the rest excreted in feces and urine.
Dairy diets often have 120-160% of the P and that the excess is excreted in the manure.
Cost of feed can be reduced.
Precision feeding helps to improve water quality
Improving the efficiency of use of feed N.
Reduce SARA condition.
Controlled-release urea in dairy cattle feed.
Straw treatment-Ammoniation.
Reducing Enteric Methane Losses from Ruminant Livestock.
Phase feeding in dairy cattle.
Feeding bypass fat in early lactation.
Use of chelated minerals in dairy animals.
Nutraceuticals in dairy animal precision feeding.
10. Use of area specific mineral mixture to precise dairy animal nutrition.
11. TMR in precision nutrition.
12. Manipulation of dietary CAD.
Five distinct feeding phases can be defined to attain optimum production, reproduction and health of dairy cows:
Early lactation—0 to 70 days (peak milk production) after calving (postpartum).
Peak DM intake—70 to 140 days (declining milk production) postpartum.
Mid and late lactation—140 to 305 days (declining milk production) postpartum.
Dry period—60 days before the next lactation.
Transition or close-up period—14 days before to parturition.
Feed top quality forage.
Make sure the diet contains adequate amounts of CP, DIP and UIP.
Increase grain intake at a constant rate after calving.
Consider adding fat (0.4-0.6 kg/cow/day) to diets.
Allow constant access to feed.
Minimize stress conditions.
Limit urea to 80-160g/day.
Buffers, such as Na bicarbonate alone or in combination with Mg oxide (rumen pH)
In Transition period
Increase grain feeding, so cows are consuming 4.5-6 kg grain/day at calving (1% of B.wt)
Increase protein in the ration to between 14 - 15 % of the ration DM
Limit fat in the ration to 0.1kg. High fat feeding will depress DM intake.
Maintain 2.5-4kg of long hay in the ration to stimulate rumination.
Feed a low-Ca ration (< 0.20%, reduce Ca intake to 14 to 18 g/d)
Also, feed a diet with a negative dietary electrolyte balance (-10 to -15meq/100 g DM) may alleviate milk fever problems
Niacin (to control ketosis) and/or anionic salts (to help prevent milk fever) should be included in the ration during this period.
Beef cattle are cattle raised for meat production (as distinguished from dairy cattle, used for milk production). The meat of adult cattle is known as beef. In beef production there are three main stages: cow-calf operations, backgrounding, and feedlot operations.
This presentation by University of Maryland Extension Sheep & Goat Specialist Susan Schoenian discusses ewe nutrition from breeding until weaning and lamb nutrition from birth to weaning.
Application of digestibility values in poultry and bioassay and analytical procedures using poultry
Sri Venkateswara veterinary university
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Factors influencing the nutrient requirements in poultrySunil Yadav
This Presentation will help you to understand the various factors that are responsible for the nutrient requirement of poultry. While formulating feed for any classes of poultry we should consider all these factors for a better outcome from the bird.
Different methods to calculateEnergy requirement for maintenance, growth, pregnancy, and lactation in ruminants
Sri Venkateswara veterinary university, Animal nutrition, Vishnu Vardhan Reddy
Advances in vitamin & mineral nutrition in livestockRameswar Panda
feeding management cannot be ignored under any circumstances. This presentation depicts the tangential and burning points related to the role and significance of Vitamins and minerals for the livestock
This presentation by University of Maryland Extension Sheep & Goat Specialist Susan Schoenian discusses ewe nutrition from breeding until weaning and lamb nutrition from birth to weaning.
Application of digestibility values in poultry and bioassay and analytical procedures using poultry
Sri Venkateswara veterinary university
Animal nutrition
Vishnu Vardhan Reddy
Factors influencing the nutrient requirements in poultrySunil Yadav
This Presentation will help you to understand the various factors that are responsible for the nutrient requirement of poultry. While formulating feed for any classes of poultry we should consider all these factors for a better outcome from the bird.
Different methods to calculateEnergy requirement for maintenance, growth, pregnancy, and lactation in ruminants
Sri Venkateswara veterinary university, Animal nutrition, Vishnu Vardhan Reddy
Advances in vitamin & mineral nutrition in livestockRameswar Panda
feeding management cannot be ignored under any circumstances. This presentation depicts the tangential and burning points related to the role and significance of Vitamins and minerals for the livestock
[ Visit http://www.wewwchemistry.com ] This is a summary presentation of the introductory topics in Organic Chemistry, prepared according to the Singapore-Cambridge GCE A Level 9647 H2 Chemistry syllabus.
Effect of plant nutrition in insect pest management: A review kiran Bala
Nutrition concerns the chemicals required by organism for its growth, tissue maintenance, reproduction and necessary to maintain these functions. It may determine resistance or susceptibility to pests. Among several plant nutrients, only 17 are essential for proper growth and development of plants and each nutrient plays important role in their growth. These nutrients are required by insects for their growth, tissue maintenance, reproduction and energy. They fulfill their requirements through feeding on plants. Nitrogen has positive effects on individual insect performance, probably due to deposition-induced improvements in host plant chemistry. These improvements include increased nitrogen and decreased carbon-based defensive compound concentrations. Potassium provides high resistance against insect– pests. High levels of potassium enhance secondary compound metabolism, reduce carbohydrate accumulation and plant damage from insect pests. Phosphorus also decreases the host suitability to various insect-pests. Secondary macronutrients and micronutrients like calcium, zinc and sulphur also reduce the pest populations. Among mineral elements, silicon is involved in plant resistance against insect pest damage. The indirect effects of fertilization practices acting through changes in the nutrient composition of the crop have been reported to influence plant resistance to many insect pests. The need for more healthful foods is stimulating the development of techniques to increase plant resistance to phytophagous insects.
8.mejoramiento del valor nutricional de plantastinieblas001
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Despite considerable progress in recent years, many questions regarding fishlarval nutrition remain largely unanswered, and several research avenues remain open. A holistic understanding of the supply line of nutrients is important for developing diets for use in larval culture and for the adaptation of rearing conditions that meet the larval requirements for the optimal presentation of food organisms and ⁄ or microdiets. Marine fish larvae fed microdiets have not, at this stage, matched the growth and survival performances demonstrated by larvae fed live feeds such as rotifers and Artemia. This chapter discusses the issues related to the use of microdiets as a sole or partial feed for marine fish larvae. The techniques and methods of manufacturing microdiet particles, chemical and physical properties and the relationship to the ingestion and digestion are described. The aim of the present review is to revise the state of the art and to pinpoint the gaps in knowledge regarding larval nutritional requirements, the nutritional value of live feeds and challenges and opportunities in the development of formulated larval diets.
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Remote sensing and monitoring are changing the mining industry for the better. These are providing innovative solutions to long-standing challenges. Those related to exploration, extraction, and overall environmental management by mining technology companies Odisha. These technologies make use of satellite imaging, aerial photography and sensors to collect data that might be inaccessible or from hazardous locations. With the use of this technology, mining operations are becoming increasingly efficient. Let us gain more insight into the key aspects associated with remote sensing and monitoring when it comes to mining.
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Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
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A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
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1. PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
4 (2-2)
THEORY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
The Science of nutrition and its scope,
History and the role of the past scientist in the development of the science of nutrition,
Basic terms used in animal nutrition,
Composition of animal body and plants and its interaction,
Classification of nutrients,
Classification of carbohydrates, Functions of carbohydrates.
Classification of lipids. Functions of lipids.
Water, its importance and functions, Factors governing water requirements of livestock and
poultry,
Classification of minerals and their general functions, Role of macro-minerals in animal
nutrition,
Impact of mineral deficiency and toxicity of minerals, Impact of mineral deficiency and
toxicity .
Classification of vitamins and their general functions, Importance of fat soluble vitamins,
Interrelationship of vitamins, minerals and their toxicity,
Feed additives and their use in livestock and poultry feeding,
Nutrition in relation to body maintenance and growth.,
Nutrition in relation to reproduction.
Nutrition in relation to animal production,
Digestion mechanism of lipids in mono-gastric and ruminant animals,
Digestion mechanism of carbohydrates in ruminants,
Digestion mechanism of proteins in ruminants,
Metabolism of carbohydrates,
Metabolism of proteins, Metabolism of lipids.
2. PRACTICAL
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Identification of feedstuffs,
Identification of forages,
Physical characteristics of cereals and cereals byproducts,
Physical characteristics of forages,
Physical characteristics of agro-industrial byproducts and wastes for protein and
energy sources,
Feed samples collection techniques,
Forage samples collection techniques,
Feed samples preparation for analysis,
Introduction to feed analysis equipments,
Grinding and weighing of samples,
Analysis of dry matter and ash,
Analysis of crude protein,
Analysis of crude fat,
Analysis of crude fiber,
Introduction to mineral analysis
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
1.
Perry, T.W., A.E. Cullison and R.S. Lowrey. 1999. Feeds and Feeding. 5th Ed. Prentice Hall,
New Jersey, USA.
2. Lander, P.E. 2001. The Feeding of Farm Animals in India.Biotech Books, New Delhi, India.
3. Ensminger M.E., J.E. Oldfield and W.W. Heinemann. 1990. Feeds and Nutrition Digest (2nd
Ed). The Ensminger Publishing Co., Clovis, California, USA.
3. ANIMAL FEED RESOURCES & FORAGE CONVERSATION
4(2-2)
THEORY
S. No
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Topic
Classification of animal feed stuffs,
Nutritive value of different feedstuffs,
Anti-nutritional factors
Feed resources of Pakistan for poultry,
Availability trends of feedstuffs,
Feeding practices in livestock farming
Scope for improving fodder production
Forage crops conservation
Advantages and disadvantages of hay making
Techniques of hay making,
Hay feeding practices,
Choice of forage crops for silage
Agro industrial by products and their availability and biological
treatments,
Supplementation strategies for stall fed and grazing animals
Feed additives, their classification, mode of action and uses in
ruminants and poultry.
Lectures
4. PRACTICAL
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Identification of fodder and forage species,
Morphological characteristics of forage species,
Hay making
Hay quality evaluation,
Silage preparation demonstration
Silage preparation,
Laboratory analysis of silage samples for quality,
Laboratory analysis of silage samples for dry matter,
Laboratory analysis of silage samples for Ph,
Laboratory analysis of silage samples for ammonia N,
Urea treatment of cereal straw,
Alkali/ammonia treatment of cereal straw,
Preparation of multi nutrition feed blocks
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
1. Sarwar, M. and C.S. Ali. 2000. The rumen; Digestive Physiology and Feeding
Management. The friend science publisher.39-B; Peoples Colony No. 1, Faisalabad.
2. Perry, T.W., A.E. Cullision and R.S. Lowery. 1999. Feeds and Feeding. 5th
Edition.Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA.
3. Renard, C. 1997. Crop Residues in sustainable Mixed Crop/Livestock Farming systems.
CAB International UK.
4. Dennis, J.W. 1990. Forage in Ruminant Nutrition. Academic Press Inc., Harcourt Brace
Jovanovich Publishers, USA.
5. Ensminger, M.E., J.E. Old Field and W.W. Heinemann. 1990. Latest Edition, Feeds and
Nutrition Digest. The Ensminger Publisher Co. Clovis, California, USA.
6. Preston, T.R. and R.A. Leng. 1987. Matching Ruminants Production
7. systems with Available Feed Resource in the Tropics and Subtropics. Penambul
Books, Armidale, Australia.