This document discusses soft tissue oral lesions in children. It covers drug-induced gingival hyperplasia caused by phenytoin, which causes painless enlargement of the gums. Conditioned enlargements related to puberty can also occur due to hormonal changes. Nutritional deficiencies like scurvy from a lack of vitamin C can result in bleeding gums. Non-specific enlargements like granuloma pyogenicum present as tumor-like masses. Allergic reactions from drugs may also manifest as gingival inflammation. Juvenile periodontitis is an early-onset aggressive form of the disease typically affecting teens. Papillon-Lefevre syndrome is a rare condition characterized by palm and sole
The wasting diseases of teeth, namely attrition, abrasion and dental erosion have taken their toll in the population around the world due to the changing lifestyles, increase in the stress levels and many others factors that were persistent earlier but have suddenly increased drastically. This presentation brings to light the new factors that have attributed to this condition as well as discusses the previous ones.
The wasting diseases of teeth, namely attrition, abrasion and dental erosion have taken their toll in the population around the world due to the changing lifestyles, increase in the stress levels and many others factors that were persistent earlier but have suddenly increased drastically. This presentation brings to light the new factors that have attributed to this condition as well as discusses the previous ones.
Dental attrition is a type of tooth wear caused by tooth-to-tooth contact, resulting in loss of tooth tissue, usually starting at the incisal or occlusal surfaces. Tooth wear is a physiological process and is commonly seen as a normal part of aging.
Periodontal instruments are designed for speciic purposes, such as
calculus removal, bioilm removal, and root planing. On irst investigation,
the variety of instruments available for similar purposes appears
confusing. With experience, however, clinicians select a relatively
small set that fulills all requirements.
Classification of Periodontal Instruments
Periodontal instruments are classiied according to the purposes they
serve, as follows:
1. Periodontal probes are used to locate, measure, and mark pockets,
as well as determine their course on individual tooth surfaces.
2. Explorers are used to locate calculus deposits and caries.
3. Scaling, root-planing, and curettage instruments are used for
removal of bioilm and calciied deposits from the crown and
root of a tooth, removal of altered cementum from the subgingival
root surface, and debridement of the soft tissue lining the poc ket.
Scaling and curettage instruments are classiied as follows:
• Sickle scalers are heavy instruments used to remove supragingival
calculus.
• Curettes are ine instruments used for subgingival scaling,
root planing, and removal of the soft tissue lining the pocket.
• Hoe, chisel, and ile scalers are used to remove tenacious
subgingival calculus and altered cementumT. heir use is limited
compared with that of curettes.
• Implant instruments are plastic or titanium scalers and curettes
designed for use on implants and implant restorations.
• Ultrasonic and sonic instruments are used for scaling and
cleansing tooth surfaces and curetting the soft tissue wall of
the periodontal pocket.42,43,66
4. Periodontal endoscopes are used for deep visualization into
subgingival pockets and furcations, thereby alloinwg the detectio n
of deposits.
5. Cleansing and polishing instruments, such as rubber cups, brushes,
and dental tape, are used to clean and polish tooth surfaces.
Air-powder abrasive systems are also available for supragingival
and subgingival cleaning and polishing of tooth, root, and implant
surfaces.
The wearing and cutting qualities of some types of steel used in
periodontal instruments have been tested,88,89,157 but speciications
vary among manufacturers.157 Stainless steel is used most often in
instrument manufacture. High–carbon content steel instruments are
available and are considered by some clinicians to be superior. Newer
advanced proprietary manufacturing processes for heat treating and
cryogenically tempering stainless steel are producing blades that ar e
sharper and longer lasting than ever before. In addition, ohter processes
produce stainless steel instruments with titanium nitride or other
surface coatings that are not embedded or diffused into the base
material. Their cutting edges are sharp when new, but these coatings
wear down during normal use and cannot be resharpened. Each
group of instruments has characteristic features; individual therapist s
often develop variations with which they operate most effectivelyuuw
Dental attrition is a type of tooth wear caused by tooth-to-tooth contact, resulting in loss of tooth tissue, usually starting at the incisal or occlusal surfaces. Tooth wear is a physiological process and is commonly seen as a normal part of aging.
Periodontal instruments are designed for speciic purposes, such as
calculus removal, bioilm removal, and root planing. On irst investigation,
the variety of instruments available for similar purposes appears
confusing. With experience, however, clinicians select a relatively
small set that fulills all requirements.
Classification of Periodontal Instruments
Periodontal instruments are classiied according to the purposes they
serve, as follows:
1. Periodontal probes are used to locate, measure, and mark pockets,
as well as determine their course on individual tooth surfaces.
2. Explorers are used to locate calculus deposits and caries.
3. Scaling, root-planing, and curettage instruments are used for
removal of bioilm and calciied deposits from the crown and
root of a tooth, removal of altered cementum from the subgingival
root surface, and debridement of the soft tissue lining the poc ket.
Scaling and curettage instruments are classiied as follows:
• Sickle scalers are heavy instruments used to remove supragingival
calculus.
• Curettes are ine instruments used for subgingival scaling,
root planing, and removal of the soft tissue lining the pocket.
• Hoe, chisel, and ile scalers are used to remove tenacious
subgingival calculus and altered cementumT. heir use is limited
compared with that of curettes.
• Implant instruments are plastic or titanium scalers and curettes
designed for use on implants and implant restorations.
• Ultrasonic and sonic instruments are used for scaling and
cleansing tooth surfaces and curetting the soft tissue wall of
the periodontal pocket.42,43,66
4. Periodontal endoscopes are used for deep visualization into
subgingival pockets and furcations, thereby alloinwg the detectio n
of deposits.
5. Cleansing and polishing instruments, such as rubber cups, brushes,
and dental tape, are used to clean and polish tooth surfaces.
Air-powder abrasive systems are also available for supragingival
and subgingival cleaning and polishing of tooth, root, and implant
surfaces.
The wearing and cutting qualities of some types of steel used in
periodontal instruments have been tested,88,89,157 but speciications
vary among manufacturers.157 Stainless steel is used most often in
instrument manufacture. High–carbon content steel instruments are
available and are considered by some clinicians to be superior. Newer
advanced proprietary manufacturing processes for heat treating and
cryogenically tempering stainless steel are producing blades that ar e
sharper and longer lasting than ever before. In addition, ohter processes
produce stainless steel instruments with titanium nitride or other
surface coatings that are not embedded or diffused into the base
material. Their cutting edges are sharp when new, but these coatings
wear down during normal use and cannot be resharpened. Each
group of instruments has characteristic features; individual therapist s
often develop variations with which they operate most effectivelyuuw
Periodontal instruments are designed for speciic purposes, such as
calculus removal, bioilm removal, and root planing. On irst investigation,
the variety of instruments available for similar purposes appears
confusing. With experience, however, clinicians select a relatively
small set that fulills all requirements.
Classification of Periodontal Instruments
Periodontal instruments are classiied according to the purposes they
serve, as follows:
1. Periodontal probes are used to locate, measure, and mark pockets,
as well as determine their course on individual tooth surfaces.
2. Explorers are used to locate calculus deposits and caries.
3. Scaling, root-planing, and curettage instruments are used for
removal of bioilm and calciied deposits from the crown and
root of a tooth, removal of altered cementum from the subgingival
root surface, and debridement of the soft tissue lining the poc ket.
Scaling and curettage instruments are classiied as follows:
• Sickle scalers are heavy instruments used to remove supragingival
calculus.
• Curettes are ine instruments used for subgingival scaling,
root planing, and removal of the soft tissue lining the pocket.
• Hoe, chisel, and ile scalers are used to remove tenacious
subgingival calculus and altered cementumT. heir use is limited
compared with that of curettes.
• Implant instruments are plastic or titanium scalers and curettes
designed for use on implants and implant restorations.
• Ultrasonic and sonic instruments are used for scaling and
cleansing tooth surfaces and curetting the soft tissue wall of
the periodontal pocket.42,43,66
4. Periodontal endoscopes are used for deep visualization into
subgingival pockets and furcations, thereby alloinwg the detectio n
of deposits.
5. Cleansing and polishing instruments, such as rubber cups, brushes,
and dental tape, are used to clean and polish tooth surfaces.
Air-powder abrasive systems are also available for supragingival
and subgingival cleaning and polishing of tooth, root, and implant
surfaces.
The wearing and cutting qualities of some types of steel used in
periodontal instruments have been tested,88,89,157 but speciications
vary among manufacturers.157 Stainless steel is used most often in
instrument manufacture. High–carbon content steel instruments are
available and are considered by some clinicians to be superior. Newer
advanced proprietary manufacturing processes for heat treating and
cryogenically tempering stainless steel are producing blades that ar e
sharper and longer lasting than ever before. In addition, ohter processes
produce stainless steel instruments with titanium nitride or other
surface coatings that are not embedded or diffused into the base
material. Their cutting edges are sharp when new, but these coatings
wear down during normal use and cannot be resharpened. Each
group of instruments has characteristic features; individual therapist s
often develop variations with which they operate most effectively
The gingiva may be involved in many of the local and systemic conditions. This presentation provides a review of the common pathological conditions affecting the gingiva and the diagnosis and the management associated with each of the conditions.
We in Chinthamani Laser Dental Clinic & Implant Centre ,cover every speciality and subspeciality in dentistry so that all kind of your dental problems can be treated efficiently and effectively.
Contact us:
Chinthamani Laser Dental Clinic & Implant Centre
1/464,Mount Poonamallee High Road,
Iyyapanthangal,
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Phone no.044-43800059 , 92 83 786776
Email:
chinthamanidental@gmail.com,
dr_mrgvl@gmail.com
Website:
www.chinthamanilaserdentalclinic.com
We in Chinthamani Laser Dental Clinic & Implant Centre ,cover every speciality and subspeciality in dentistry so that all kind of your dental problems can be treated efficiently and effectively.
Contact us:
Chinthamani Laser Dental Clinic & Implant Centre
1/464,Mount Poonamallee High Road,
Iyyapanthangal,
Chennai-56
Phone no.044-43800059 , 92 83 786776
Email:
chinthamanidental@gmail.com,
dr_mrgvl@gmail.com
Website:
www.chinthamanilaserdentalclinic.com
We in Chinthamani Laser Dental Clinic & Implant Centre ,cover every speciality and subspeciality in dentistry so that all kind of your dental problems can be treated efficiently and effectively.
Contact us:
Chinthamani Laser Dental Clinic & Implant Centre
1/464,Mount Poonamallee High Road,
Iyyapanthangal,
Chennai-56
Phone no.044-43800059 , 92 83 786776
Email:
chinthamanidental@gmail.com,
dr_mrgvl@gmail.com
Website:
www.chinthamanilaserdentalclinic.com
We in Chinthamani Laser Dental Clinic & Implant Centre ,cover every speciality and subspeciality in dentistry so that all kind of your dental problems can be treated efficiently and effectively.
Contact us:
Chinthamani Laser Dental Clinic & Implant Centre
1/464,Mount Poonamallee High Road,
Iyyapanthangal,
Chennai-56
Phone no.044-43800059 , 92 83 786776
Email:
chinthamanidental@gmail.com,
dr_mrgvl@gmail.com
Website:
www.chinthamanilaserdentalclinic.com
We in Chinthamani Laser Dental Clinic & Implant Centre ,cover every speciality and subspeciality in dentistry so that all kind of your dental problems can be treated efficiently and effectively.
Contact us:
Chinthamani Laser Dental Clinic & Implant Centre
1/464,Mount Poonamallee High Road,
Iyyapanthangal,
Chennai-56
Phone no.044-43800059 , 92 83 786776
Email:
chinthamanidental@gmail.com,
dr_mrgvl@gmail.com
Website:
www.chinthamanilaserdentalclinic.com
We in Chinthamani Laser Dental Clinic & Implant Centre ,cover every speciality and subspeciality in dentistry so that all kind of your dental problems can be treated efficiently and effectively.
Contact us:
Chinthamani Laser Dental Clinic & Implant Centre
1/464,Mount Poonamallee High Road,
Iyyapanthangal,
Chennai-56
Phone no.044-43800059 , 92 83 786776
Email:
chinthamanidental@gmail.com,
Website:
www.chinthamanilaserdentalclinic.com
We in Chinthamani Laser Dental Clinic & Implant Centre ,cover every speciality and subspeciality in dentistry so that all kind of your dental problems can be treated efficiently and effectively.
Contact us:
Chinthamani Laser Dental Clinic & Implant Centre
1/464,Mount Poonamallee High Road,
Iyyapanthangal,
Chennai-56
Phone no.044-43800059 , 92 83 786776
Email:
chinthamanidental@gmail.com,
dr_mrgvl@gmail.com
Website:
www.chinthamanilaserdentalclinic.com
T-Scan III technology is a bite analysis system that measures the efficiency of how teeth come together and separate to protect natural teeth, restored teeth, implants, and muscles.
T-Scan which has a wide range of uses in Implant,
Restorative Dentistry,Temporomandibular Disorder,Orthodontics,Prosthodontics,Oral and maxillofacial surgery.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
2. Drug induced gingival
hyperplasia (PIGO)
Also known as phenytoin induced gingival
overgrowth.
Dilantin hyperplasia.
ETIOLOGY: Multifactorial
a)
Disturbance in adrenocortical function
b)
Local response to metabolic products of phenytoin in
saliva
c)
Direct action on phenytoin on fibroblast.
It is related to the efficacy of oral hygiene and, thus
to the amount of plaque, and inadequate amounts of
antimicrobial factors in the oral cavity could
contribute to greater plaque accumulation.
3. Clinical features
Appears as early as 2 to 3 weeks after initiation of
drug therapy, peaks at 18 to 24 months.
Painless enlargement of interproximal gingiva.
The buccal & anterior segment are more affected than
the lingual & posterior segments.
Gingiva appears pink and firm
Does not bleed on probing.
Lesion is purely fibrotic in nature or…
Secondary infection superimposes and combined type
of inflammatory enlargement ensues.
4. Clinical features
As interdental
lobulations grow,
clefting becomes
apparent at the midline
of tooth.
Lobulations coalesce at
the midline forming
pseudopockets and
covering most of crown
tooth
7. CONDITIONED ENLARGEMENTS
Occurs when the systemic condition of the
patient exaggerates or distorts the normal
response to the dental plaque.
Includes:
Pubertal gingivitis
Non-specific
Nutritional
Allergic
8. Hormonal (pubertal gingivitis)
ETIOLOGY:
Hormonal changes
Direct effect on perio. tissue metabolism
Permeability of the vascular system
Microbiota react specifically to availability of
hormones in oral fluids.
9. Clinical features
Circumpubertal enlargement
Sex: both in males and females
Appears in areas of local irritation
Size of gingival enlargements far exceeds that
usually seen in comparable local factors.
After puberty, the enlargement undergoes a
spontaneous reduction.. But does not disappear
until local factors are removed.
12. Clinical features
Gingiva :
-bluish red
-soft and friable
-smooth shiny surface
Spontaneous hemorrhage
on slight provocation
Surface necrosis with
pseudomembrane
formation
Enlarged tissue cover the
clinical crown
Typical foul breath with
fusospirochetal stomatitis
Superinfection leading to
ulceration and necrosis of
papillae
14. Non specific enlargements
(granuloma pyogenicum)
The lesion varies from a
discrete spherical ,
tumour like mass with a
pendulated attachment to
a flattened , keliod like
enlargement with a broad
base.
Bright red ,
Either friable or firm,
surface ulceration
Purulent exudation
16. Allergic (plasma cell gingivitis)
The use of drugs may
evoke an allergic
rasponse manifested as
an inflammatory
reaction.
May be associated with
generalised allergic
response.
The gingival and buccal
mucosa on the left side
show pronounced erythema
and slight swelling. Diffuse
ulcerations can also be seen.
19. Juvenile periodontitis
Uncommon form of severe periodontal disease
belonging to a group termed as an
EARLY ONSET AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTAL
DISEASE.
Described by Wannenmacher(1938)
Age: teenagers
3 types of disease:
a) chronic slowly progressive
b) fairly generalized
c) acute progressive and more general
20. Etiology
PMN dysfunction
Susceptibility to infection
A. Actinomycetemcomitans
Serum amplification leukotoxin
antibody
neutralisation
Local PMN & macrophage destruction
Accelerated disease
21. Clinical features
Loss of attachment
Bone loss(3-4 times)
Mobility of teeth
Denuded root surface
Periodontal abscess
22. Clinical features (cont.)
Teeth involved: permanent incisors and first molars.
The attack sequence appear to follow eruption
chronology.
Most striking feature : Lack of clinical inflammation
despite the presence of deep pockets.
Starts as a localized form
if not treated
generalized form
23. Clinical features (cont.)
Advanced bone loss in the primary dentition
does exit but without destinctive localization.
Every third case presents with
lymphadenopathy
Clinically only thin layer of plaque is present
Classically, distolabial migration of the
maxillary incisors
Diastema formation
24. Radiographic findings
•A full mouth series of
radiographs would be
beneficial in this case
rather than routine bite
wing x-rays.
• Bilateral bone loss is
discovered around all
first molars and incisors.
• Vertical bony defects
are Characteristic in
LJP.
27. Papillon lefevre syndrome
Described by : Papillon and Lefevre
Characterized by hyperkeratosis of palms and soles +
precocious periodontal destruction and shedding of the
deciduous and permanent dentition.
ETIOLOGY:
Suggested to be due to
1.
Defective local vitamin A metabolism
2.
Deep subgingival flora assocaited with PLS is composed of
great no. of motile, gram –ve anaerobic rods , including
bacteroids gingivalis and capnocytophagia.
3.
Cellular immune defect with a decreased stimulation of
lymphocytes.
4.
Now generally accepted as the homozygosity of autosomal
recessive genes.
28. Clinical features
a)
Skin lesions: start b/w
first and fourth year
after birth.
Hyperkeratotic lesions
of palms and soles
bilaterally.
Hyperkeratosis is
usually progressive
and becomes dry and
scaly.
29. Clinical features
b)
Dental signs and
symptoms:
Swollen gingiva,
migration and mobility of
teeth
Pockets
Fetor-ex-oris
Painless exfoliation
By 3.5 to 4.5 years all the
deciduous teeth are lost.
Eruption of permanent
enhanced
Disease progress recycles
& by ages 13-14 & all
permanent teeth
31. Treatment
Vitamin C metabolites (retinoids):are involved
in regulation of growth and differentiation of
the epithelial cells. Profound effect on
keratinization by dec. the total keratin content
of the keratinocytes.
Antbiotics