This document provides an overview of the key concepts in sociology. It discusses how sociology is the scientific study of human social behavior and interactions. Some of the founders of sociology discussed include Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, and Harriet Martineau. It also outlines the different fields within sociology such as community, family, education, religion, and social change. Finally, it briefly defines the sociological concepts of culture and discusses some of its key features like universality, variability, and how culture is learned and shared between members of a society.
This document provides an introduction to the field of sociology. It discusses how sociologists study both society and social interactions. Sociology involves analyzing social structures, culture, and both micro-level and macro-level social patterns. The document outlines the key founders of sociology such as Auguste Comte, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber. It also discusses different theoretical perspectives in sociology including functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism.
This document provides an overview of sociology and its history and key concepts. It discusses how sociology developed out of the works of early philosophers and scholars seeking to better understand society. Some of the major thinkers discussed include Comte, Marx, Durkheim, Weber, and Simmel. It also summarizes the main theoretical perspectives in sociology including functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism.
The document discusses the origins and development of sociology as an academic discipline. It notes that sociology emerged in the late 18th and 19th centuries as philosophers and thinkers sought to understand and explain the major social changes resulting from the French Revolution and Industrial Revolution. Early sociological approaches modeled natural science methodology. Sociology continues to evolve with contributions from thinkers worldwide seeking to understand social life through various research methods and theoretical perspectives.
Society and Culture with Family Planning, HIVDenisse_Jimenez
This document provides an overview of a course on society and culture with family planning. It discusses the objectives of understanding human societies and social institutions from different sociological perspectives. It also covers the origins and development of human communities. The document then summarizes the philosophical theories of several thinkers on the formation of society, including Plato, Aristotle, Confucius, Machiavelli, More, Hobbes, Rousseau, Locke, and Mill. They discussed the purposes of government and ideals of just, harmonious societies based on principles like virtue, moral duty, laws, rights, and limiting state authority.
Sociology began emerging in the 19th century in Europe in response to three major factors: the Industrial Revolution, increased travel, and the success of the natural sciences. The Industrial Revolution led to massive urbanization and disrupted traditional social structures. Travel exposed Europeans to different cultures and ways of life. And the success of the scientific method in fields like physics and chemistry inspired the idea of also studying society scientifically. Auguste Comte coined the term "sociology" and emphasized the objective, empirical study of social phenomena. Émile Durkheim further established sociology as a science and demonstrated how social forces influence even individual acts like suicide rates. His work provided early evidence for sociology's ability to reveal how society shapes human behavior
Sociology is the scientific study of human society and social interaction. The document outlines the key objectives of studying sociology such as understanding how society functions. It discusses the founders of sociology like Durkheim, Marx, and Weber and their contributions to defining the field. Finally, it differentiates between micro and macro levels of sociological analysis and lists some major fields within sociology such as anthropology, criminology, and social work.
Sociology is the systematic study of human social behavior and groups. It focuses on how social relationships influence behavior and how societies develop and change. Anthropology studies humanity's biological, social, and cultural development and seeks to understand differences and similarities between people. Both disciplines have roots in the 18th-19th centuries and were influenced by thinkers like Comte, Marx, Durkheim, and Weber who applied scientific methods to the study of society. Modern sociology and anthropology utilize theoretical perspectives like functionalism, conflict theory, and interactionism to analyze social patterns and behaviors.
This document provides an introduction to the field of sociology. It discusses how sociologists study both society and social interactions. Sociology involves analyzing social structures, culture, and both micro-level and macro-level social patterns. The document outlines the key founders of sociology such as Auguste Comte, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber. It also discusses different theoretical perspectives in sociology including functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism.
This document provides an overview of sociology and its history and key concepts. It discusses how sociology developed out of the works of early philosophers and scholars seeking to better understand society. Some of the major thinkers discussed include Comte, Marx, Durkheim, Weber, and Simmel. It also summarizes the main theoretical perspectives in sociology including functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism.
The document discusses the origins and development of sociology as an academic discipline. It notes that sociology emerged in the late 18th and 19th centuries as philosophers and thinkers sought to understand and explain the major social changes resulting from the French Revolution and Industrial Revolution. Early sociological approaches modeled natural science methodology. Sociology continues to evolve with contributions from thinkers worldwide seeking to understand social life through various research methods and theoretical perspectives.
Society and Culture with Family Planning, HIVDenisse_Jimenez
This document provides an overview of a course on society and culture with family planning. It discusses the objectives of understanding human societies and social institutions from different sociological perspectives. It also covers the origins and development of human communities. The document then summarizes the philosophical theories of several thinkers on the formation of society, including Plato, Aristotle, Confucius, Machiavelli, More, Hobbes, Rousseau, Locke, and Mill. They discussed the purposes of government and ideals of just, harmonious societies based on principles like virtue, moral duty, laws, rights, and limiting state authority.
Sociology began emerging in the 19th century in Europe in response to three major factors: the Industrial Revolution, increased travel, and the success of the natural sciences. The Industrial Revolution led to massive urbanization and disrupted traditional social structures. Travel exposed Europeans to different cultures and ways of life. And the success of the scientific method in fields like physics and chemistry inspired the idea of also studying society scientifically. Auguste Comte coined the term "sociology" and emphasized the objective, empirical study of social phenomena. Émile Durkheim further established sociology as a science and demonstrated how social forces influence even individual acts like suicide rates. His work provided early evidence for sociology's ability to reveal how society shapes human behavior
Sociology is the scientific study of human society and social interaction. The document outlines the key objectives of studying sociology such as understanding how society functions. It discusses the founders of sociology like Durkheim, Marx, and Weber and their contributions to defining the field. Finally, it differentiates between micro and macro levels of sociological analysis and lists some major fields within sociology such as anthropology, criminology, and social work.
Sociology is the systematic study of human social behavior and groups. It focuses on how social relationships influence behavior and how societies develop and change. Anthropology studies humanity's biological, social, and cultural development and seeks to understand differences and similarities between people. Both disciplines have roots in the 18th-19th centuries and were influenced by thinkers like Comte, Marx, Durkheim, and Weber who applied scientific methods to the study of society. Modern sociology and anthropology utilize theoretical perspectives like functionalism, conflict theory, and interactionism to analyze social patterns and behaviors.
This document provides an introduction to sociology. It defines sociology as the scientific study of human society and social interaction. It discusses key thinkers in the development of sociology like Saint-Simon, Comte, Marx, Durkheim, and Weber. It also outlines several areas of sociology including social organization, social psychology, and social change. Finally, it examines the relationship between sociology and other social sciences like economics, anthropology, history, and political science.
The document discusses several key figures in the development of sociology:
- Auguste Comte is credited with coining the term "sociology" and advocated for the use of empirical investigation, or positivism, to understand society.
- Herbert Spencer compared society to a human organism and believed social evolution was inevitable.
- Émile Durkheim introduced the concept of solidarity and studied how its absence can lead to anomie. He examined causes of suicide.
- Karl Marx analyzed how the capitalist class exploited the working class, causing alienation and preventing them from reaching their potential. He viewed class as a central force in history.
Lesson 1 introduction to sociology (prelim)Apol Maligdong
This document provides an overview of sociology. It defines sociology as the scientific study of human society and culture. Some key points:
- Auguste Comte coined the term "sociology" in the 19th century and defined it as the study of social dynamics and social statics.
- Major founding thinkers included Karl Marx, who studied social class and conflict, and Emile Durkheim, who defined sociology as the study of social facts.
- Sociology can be studied at the micro, macro, and meso levels and examines topics like social organization, social change, and social problems.
- Major theoretical perspectives are structural functionalism, social conflict theory, and symbolic interaction
In this lecture students will be introduced to Sociology, Types of Sociology, Micro Sociology, Macro Sociology, Traditional focus of Sociology, Approaches in Sociology
This document provides an overview of key concepts in sociology. It discusses how sociology emerged in the 19th century due to industrialization, travel, and the success of the natural sciences. Auguste Comte is identified as the "Father of Sociology" and his key contributions are outlined, including positivism and the three stages of human progress. The document also summarizes the works and theories of other important early sociologists like Emile Durkheim and his concepts of mechanical and organic solidarity. It provides examples of Durkheim's four types of suicide. Finally, it discusses Ferdinand Tonnies' distinction between emotion-based Gemeinschaft relationships and goal-driven Gesellschaft relationships in modern society.
Sociology is defined by several scholars as: the scientific study of society (Auguste Comte); the study of social action (Max Weber); the study of collective behavior (Park & Burgess); and the study of social facts through social institutions (Emile Durkheim). It can be concluded that sociology is the science of society, human behavior, human interaction and relationships. Modern sociology began with Auguste Comte coining the term and considering it the "Social Physics." As a field of knowledge, sociology aims to build understanding of society and social interaction, while as a profession it involves teaching, research, and administration.
Sociology is a relatively young discipline that emerged around 200 years ago in response to modernizing social changes. Early thinkers like Auguste Comte proposed sociology as a way to understand social order and address social upheaval caused by industrialization and the decline of traditional social structures. Sociology developed further in the late 19th/early 20th century with the work of theorists like Marx, Weber, and Durkheim who studied topics like social classes, bureaucracy, and religion from a sociological perspective. The discipline was also influenced by the empirical, problem-focused approach of the early Chicago School of sociology in the United States.
This chapter introduces sociology as the systematic study of human societies and social groups. It discusses early sociological thinkers like Comte, Durkheim, Marx, and Weber and how they helped develop sociological perspectives. It also summarizes different modern theoretical approaches in sociology like symbolic interactionism, functionalism, Marxism, and feminism. Finally, it addresses whether sociology qualifies as a science and how understanding sociology can help people in their lives.
This document provides an introduction to the field of sociology. It defines sociology as the scientific study of human society and social behavior, with a focus on how social context and group memberships influence individuals. Key concepts discussed include social location, social imagination, social facts, and socialization. The origins of sociology in the 19th century are reviewed. Important early sociologists presented include Comte, Martineau, Spencer, Marx, Durkheim, Weber, Addams, and Du Bois. The three major theoretical perspectives in sociology - functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism - are introduced along with levels of analysis.
Sociology 101 provides an overview of the field of sociology. It discusses what sociology is, what sociologists study, and the major theoretical perspectives in sociology. Structural functionalism views society as a system whose parts work together to promote stability. Symbolic interactionism focuses on social interactions and how people construct shared meanings. Social conflict theory sees society as characterized by inequality that generates conflict and social change. The course examines how these theories are applied to understand various social institutions and issues.
Introduction to Sociology and AnthropologyMonte Christo
This document provides an overview of sociology and anthropology. It defines sociology as the systematic study of human social behavior and groups, focusing on how social relationships influence behavior and society develops. Anthropology is defined as the study of past and present human cultures. The document then discusses the origins and history of sociology and anthropology, including key early thinkers in each field. It also outlines three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism.
Sociology emerged in the 19th century during a time of social upheaval due to revolutions. Early sociologists like Auguste Comte, who coined the term "sociology", and Herbert Spencer shaped the discipline. Comte focused on social order/stability and social change. Spencer proposed social Darwinism. Karl Marx viewed history as class conflict between the bourgeoisie and proletariat. Emile Durkheim is regarded as the founder of functionalism and studied the social causes of suicide. Max Weber critiqued Marx and studied bureaucracies and rationalization. American sociology began at the University of Chicago in the early 20th century and later expanded to other schools.
Sociology is the study of human behavior and society. It examines how societies are formed, how they operate, and how social forces influence behavior. Sociologists study social phenomena like culture, groups, social structures, institutions and organizations to understand how societies function. The field uses scientific methods like data collection and analysis to objectively investigate the social world.
This document provides an overview of sociology as an academic discipline. It discusses the importance of sociology in making us more understanding and tolerant, and in applying scientific methods to social problems. The document also outlines several key areas of sociology including social organization, social psychology, social change, and population studies. Finally, it discusses several pioneers and forerunners of sociology from the 18th-19th centuries, including Henri Saint-Simon, Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber.
This document provides an introduction to the field of sociology. It defines sociology as the systematic study of human society and social interaction, based on scientific research rather than common sense. It discusses key thinkers in the development of sociology such as Durkheim, Marx, Weber, DuBois, Parsons, and Mills and their perspectives on analyzing society. It also outlines how sociology can help debunk social myths and understand society in a more evidence-based way.
This document provides an introduction to the field of sociology. It defines sociology as the science of society and social institutions. The key topics covered by sociology are described as individual and society, social institutions, group life, culture, social problems, crime, social stratification, and social change. The importance of sociology is outlined as providing an understanding of social dynamics and interactions to benefit individuals, society, business professionals, and nations. Sociology is explained as being related to and informing other social sciences such as economics, political science, psychology, anthropology, history, and business studies.
Sociology is the scientific study of human social interaction and society. It examines social groups, institutions, social change, population, and human ecology. There are three major sociological theories: 1) consensus theory views society as interdependent parts maintaining order and stability, 2) conflict theory sees society as groups in conflict over resources, 3) microsociological theories examine social interactions between individuals and small groups.
Sociology is defined as the systematic study of human social behavior and groups. It focuses on how social relationships influence individuals and how societies are established and change. The origins of sociology can be traced back to key thinkers like Auguste Comte, who coined the term "sociology," and Karl Marx, who argued that social existence shapes human consciousness. Major early sociological theorists included Émile Durkheim, Max Weber, and Talcott Parsons, who developed structural functionalism. Modern sociology encompasses different theoretical perspectives in seeking to understand individuals and societies using the sociological imagination.
1. Sociology is the scientific study of human society and social behavior, focusing on how social relationships influence people and how societies are established and change.
2. Early founders of sociology like Marx, Durkheim, and Weber developed sociological perspectives to understand social phenomena, and sociology continues to use theoretical frameworks like functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism.
3. Sociology has both an academic focus on developing theories and knowledge, as well as an applied focus through clinical sociology which aims to use sociological insights to address social problems.
This document provides an introduction to sociology. It defines sociology as the scientific study of human society and social interaction. It discusses key thinkers in the development of sociology like Saint-Simon, Comte, Marx, Durkheim, and Weber. It also outlines several areas of sociology including social organization, social psychology, and social change. Finally, it examines the relationship between sociology and other social sciences like economics, anthropology, history, and political science.
The document discusses several key figures in the development of sociology:
- Auguste Comte is credited with coining the term "sociology" and advocated for the use of empirical investigation, or positivism, to understand society.
- Herbert Spencer compared society to a human organism and believed social evolution was inevitable.
- Émile Durkheim introduced the concept of solidarity and studied how its absence can lead to anomie. He examined causes of suicide.
- Karl Marx analyzed how the capitalist class exploited the working class, causing alienation and preventing them from reaching their potential. He viewed class as a central force in history.
Lesson 1 introduction to sociology (prelim)Apol Maligdong
This document provides an overview of sociology. It defines sociology as the scientific study of human society and culture. Some key points:
- Auguste Comte coined the term "sociology" in the 19th century and defined it as the study of social dynamics and social statics.
- Major founding thinkers included Karl Marx, who studied social class and conflict, and Emile Durkheim, who defined sociology as the study of social facts.
- Sociology can be studied at the micro, macro, and meso levels and examines topics like social organization, social change, and social problems.
- Major theoretical perspectives are structural functionalism, social conflict theory, and symbolic interaction
In this lecture students will be introduced to Sociology, Types of Sociology, Micro Sociology, Macro Sociology, Traditional focus of Sociology, Approaches in Sociology
This document provides an overview of key concepts in sociology. It discusses how sociology emerged in the 19th century due to industrialization, travel, and the success of the natural sciences. Auguste Comte is identified as the "Father of Sociology" and his key contributions are outlined, including positivism and the three stages of human progress. The document also summarizes the works and theories of other important early sociologists like Emile Durkheim and his concepts of mechanical and organic solidarity. It provides examples of Durkheim's four types of suicide. Finally, it discusses Ferdinand Tonnies' distinction between emotion-based Gemeinschaft relationships and goal-driven Gesellschaft relationships in modern society.
Sociology is defined by several scholars as: the scientific study of society (Auguste Comte); the study of social action (Max Weber); the study of collective behavior (Park & Burgess); and the study of social facts through social institutions (Emile Durkheim). It can be concluded that sociology is the science of society, human behavior, human interaction and relationships. Modern sociology began with Auguste Comte coining the term and considering it the "Social Physics." As a field of knowledge, sociology aims to build understanding of society and social interaction, while as a profession it involves teaching, research, and administration.
Sociology is a relatively young discipline that emerged around 200 years ago in response to modernizing social changes. Early thinkers like Auguste Comte proposed sociology as a way to understand social order and address social upheaval caused by industrialization and the decline of traditional social structures. Sociology developed further in the late 19th/early 20th century with the work of theorists like Marx, Weber, and Durkheim who studied topics like social classes, bureaucracy, and religion from a sociological perspective. The discipline was also influenced by the empirical, problem-focused approach of the early Chicago School of sociology in the United States.
This chapter introduces sociology as the systematic study of human societies and social groups. It discusses early sociological thinkers like Comte, Durkheim, Marx, and Weber and how they helped develop sociological perspectives. It also summarizes different modern theoretical approaches in sociology like symbolic interactionism, functionalism, Marxism, and feminism. Finally, it addresses whether sociology qualifies as a science and how understanding sociology can help people in their lives.
This document provides an introduction to the field of sociology. It defines sociology as the scientific study of human society and social behavior, with a focus on how social context and group memberships influence individuals. Key concepts discussed include social location, social imagination, social facts, and socialization. The origins of sociology in the 19th century are reviewed. Important early sociologists presented include Comte, Martineau, Spencer, Marx, Durkheim, Weber, Addams, and Du Bois. The three major theoretical perspectives in sociology - functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism - are introduced along with levels of analysis.
Sociology 101 provides an overview of the field of sociology. It discusses what sociology is, what sociologists study, and the major theoretical perspectives in sociology. Structural functionalism views society as a system whose parts work together to promote stability. Symbolic interactionism focuses on social interactions and how people construct shared meanings. Social conflict theory sees society as characterized by inequality that generates conflict and social change. The course examines how these theories are applied to understand various social institutions and issues.
Introduction to Sociology and AnthropologyMonte Christo
This document provides an overview of sociology and anthropology. It defines sociology as the systematic study of human social behavior and groups, focusing on how social relationships influence behavior and society develops. Anthropology is defined as the study of past and present human cultures. The document then discusses the origins and history of sociology and anthropology, including key early thinkers in each field. It also outlines three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism.
Sociology emerged in the 19th century during a time of social upheaval due to revolutions. Early sociologists like Auguste Comte, who coined the term "sociology", and Herbert Spencer shaped the discipline. Comte focused on social order/stability and social change. Spencer proposed social Darwinism. Karl Marx viewed history as class conflict between the bourgeoisie and proletariat. Emile Durkheim is regarded as the founder of functionalism and studied the social causes of suicide. Max Weber critiqued Marx and studied bureaucracies and rationalization. American sociology began at the University of Chicago in the early 20th century and later expanded to other schools.
Sociology is the study of human behavior and society. It examines how societies are formed, how they operate, and how social forces influence behavior. Sociologists study social phenomena like culture, groups, social structures, institutions and organizations to understand how societies function. The field uses scientific methods like data collection and analysis to objectively investigate the social world.
This document provides an overview of sociology as an academic discipline. It discusses the importance of sociology in making us more understanding and tolerant, and in applying scientific methods to social problems. The document also outlines several key areas of sociology including social organization, social psychology, social change, and population studies. Finally, it discusses several pioneers and forerunners of sociology from the 18th-19th centuries, including Henri Saint-Simon, Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber.
This document provides an introduction to the field of sociology. It defines sociology as the systematic study of human society and social interaction, based on scientific research rather than common sense. It discusses key thinkers in the development of sociology such as Durkheim, Marx, Weber, DuBois, Parsons, and Mills and their perspectives on analyzing society. It also outlines how sociology can help debunk social myths and understand society in a more evidence-based way.
This document provides an introduction to the field of sociology. It defines sociology as the science of society and social institutions. The key topics covered by sociology are described as individual and society, social institutions, group life, culture, social problems, crime, social stratification, and social change. The importance of sociology is outlined as providing an understanding of social dynamics and interactions to benefit individuals, society, business professionals, and nations. Sociology is explained as being related to and informing other social sciences such as economics, political science, psychology, anthropology, history, and business studies.
Sociology is the scientific study of human social interaction and society. It examines social groups, institutions, social change, population, and human ecology. There are three major sociological theories: 1) consensus theory views society as interdependent parts maintaining order and stability, 2) conflict theory sees society as groups in conflict over resources, 3) microsociological theories examine social interactions between individuals and small groups.
Sociology is defined as the systematic study of human social behavior and groups. It focuses on how social relationships influence individuals and how societies are established and change. The origins of sociology can be traced back to key thinkers like Auguste Comte, who coined the term "sociology," and Karl Marx, who argued that social existence shapes human consciousness. Major early sociological theorists included Émile Durkheim, Max Weber, and Talcott Parsons, who developed structural functionalism. Modern sociology encompasses different theoretical perspectives in seeking to understand individuals and societies using the sociological imagination.
1. Sociology is the scientific study of human society and social behavior, focusing on how social relationships influence people and how societies are established and change.
2. Early founders of sociology like Marx, Durkheim, and Weber developed sociological perspectives to understand social phenomena, and sociology continues to use theoretical frameworks like functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism.
3. Sociology has both an academic focus on developing theories and knowledge, as well as an applied focus through clinical sociology which aims to use sociological insights to address social problems.
Introduction to Sociology
How Sociologists View Society
history of sociology
The Father of Sociology
Sociological Theories or Perspectives
Functionalism
Conflict Theory
Symbolic Interaction Theory
Sociology emerged in the 19th century in response to modernity and increasing social changes. While it has roots in early philosophers like Plato and Aristotle, sociology aims to systematically study social life, behavior, and institutions. Some key founders of sociology include Auguste Comte, who coined the term sociology and emphasized the scientific study of society, Herbert Spencer who applied evolutionary theory to sociology, Karl Marx who emphasized class conflict and economic determinism, and Emile Durkheim who studied how social forces influence behavior and social order. Sociology analyzes both small-scale social interactions and large-scale social systems and structures to understand human behavior and social change.
Sociology is the scientific study of human social behavior and society. It examines how people interact with each other and how they organize themselves into larger social groups. Some key aspects of sociology covered in the document include:
- Sociology studies social interactions, social organizations, social change, social structure, and social relationships.
- The origins and emergence of sociology are traced back to the Industrial Revolution and the works of early theorists like Comte, Marx, Durkheim, and Weber.
- There are different approaches to sociology including evolutionary, interactionist, functionalist, and conflict approaches.
- Culture refers to the learned behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, and norms that are shared by a
This document provides an overview of sociology as a field of study. It discusses what sociology is, the sociological imagination, and how sociology relates to other social sciences. It then covers several foundational thinkers in sociology such as Auguste Comte, Karl Marx, Émile Durkheim, Max Weber, W.E.B. Du Bois, and others. It also discusses three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism.
1. Sociology is the scientific study of human society and social behavior. It focuses on how social relationships influence people's attitudes and behaviors and how societies are established and change.
2. The document outlines the key founders and early theorists of sociology, including Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, and their major works and perspectives.
3. It also discusses the development of sociology in North America and challenges faced by early women and minority sociologists in pursuing the field.
1. Sociology is the scientific study of human society and social behavior, focusing on how social relationships influence people and how societies are established and change.
2. The sociological perspective examines individuals within their social context, considering factors like employment, income, gender, and experiences that shape behavior.
3. Sociology analyzes social institutions, processes, concepts, and theories to understand both the emergence of globalization and unique experiences within communities.
This document provides an overview of sociology as a field of study. It discusses why sociology is studied, including to understand society objectively and see one's place within it. It outlines some of the key thinkers in the development of sociology, such as Comte, Marx, Spencer, Durkheim, and Weber, and their contributions to establishing sociology as a science. It also summarizes the different areas of sociology including social organization, social psychology, social change, and applied sociology. Finally, it discusses the relationship between sociology and other social sciences.
The document discusses key concepts and theorists in sociological theory. It introduces sociology as the systematic study of human society, tracing it back to Auguste Comte. Three types of social theory are identified: empirical generalizations, middle-range theories, and grand theories. Grand theorists discussed include Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber. Paradigms in sociological theory introduced are structural-functionalism, social conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism.
This document provides an overview of sociology, discussing its key concepts and early influential thinkers. It defines sociology as the scientific study of social behavior and human groups, focusing on social relationships and how societies develop and change. It describes the sociological imagination and distinguishes sociology as a social science. The document then profiles influential early sociologists like Comte, Martineau, Spencer, Durkheim, Weber, Marx, DuBois, and Cooley and their major contributions to establishing sociology as a discipline.
This document provides an overview of the subject code SSCN01G, which is a 3-unit course on sociology with anthropology. The course description emphasizes patterns of human relations and man's role in social changes. It also covers population growth, environment, and poverty issues. The learning objectives are to help students understand how society works, encourage good community membership, and apply sociological concepts. The document then provides definitions and introductions to sociology, anthropology, and their various branches and related concepts.
Sociology in the Philippines developed in three stages - first as social philosophy, then as problem-oriented, and now striving for more scientific rigor. Early sociology aimed to guide colonial administrators, but now focuses on understanding social realities. Fr. Valentin introduced sociology, while Serafin Macaraig wrote the first sociology textbook. Universities now offer sociology degrees, and organizations like the Philippine Social Science Council promote quality social science. Philippine sociologists contribute knowledge to support policymaking and address underdevelopment, though there is debate around value-neutral research versus activism.
This document provides an introduction to the key concepts of culture, society, and politics. It defines anthropology, sociology, and political science as social science disciplines that study these concepts. The document outlines the objectives and history of each discipline, including important figures like Marx, Durkheim, and Weber. It describes how each discipline approaches the study of social issues and phenomena. The conclusion synthesizes that while each discipline has a unique perspective, they share the common goal of understanding society and social change over time.
Anthropology, sociology, and political science are social science disciplines that study humanity from different perspectives. Anthropology uses participant observation and ethnography to understand human cultures and evolution. Sociology examines how social structures and institutions influence human behavior. Political science analyzes how power and collective decision-making shape governance and social affairs. Together these fields provide complementary ways to study and understand human social life.
Society, Culture and Family Planning with Population EducationMylene Almario
This document provides an overview of sociology, including definitions of sociology from different scholars, why sociology is studied, key concepts like sociological imagination, whether sociology is a science, how it relates to other social sciences, and the development of sociology in Europe, the United States and the Philippines. It also outlines two major theoretical perspectives in sociology - structural functionalism and conflict perspective.
This document provides an overview of sociology as a field of study. It defines sociology as the science that studies society and social interactions. It discusses key thinkers in the development of sociology like Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber. The document also outlines the nature and scope of sociology, explaining that it is a social science that studies relationships, groups, institutions and seeks to understand social life through both rational and empirical methods.
This document provides an overview of social science disciplines including anthropology, sociology, and political science. It discusses key concepts in each field such as how anthropology studies human behavior and culture through methods like participant observation. Sociology examines society and social interactions, looking at topics like social organization. Political science focuses on states, governments, and politics through areas like political theory, international relations, and comparative government. The document also outlines important figures in the development of each discipline such as Marx, Durkheim, and Weber in sociology and Boas and Malinowski in anthropology. Overall, it presents a high-level introduction to the scopes, methods, and goals of these social science fields.
This version of the book is current as of: April 10, 2010. The current version of this book can be found at http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology
White-collar crime refers to nonviolent crimes committed by individuals in professional occupations for financial gain. These crimes include tax fraud, securities fraud, and embezzlement. White-collar crimes are difficult to measure and can be divided into two categories: crimes that use professional positions to engage illegal activities, and crimes of the powerful that abuse authority through bribery or other means. The costs of white-collar crimes in the US in 1986 were calculated to be 40 times greater than ordinary property crimes such as theft. Corporate crime refers to offenses committed by large corporations that can negatively impact large numbers of people through pollution, mislabeling, and health and safety violations due to their global influence over industries like automobiles, food production
Social groups can be defined as collections of individuals who interact regularly based on shared interests and develop a sense of belonging. There are several types of social groups including primary groups with close personal ties, secondary groups with weaker ties, and reference groups that individuals compare themselves to. Group size and dynamics also impact member interactions, with small groups like dyads and triads allowing more intense engagement than larger groups. Networks of relationships outside established groups are also important to consider. Leadership, power differentials, conformity pressures, and obedience are key concepts in understanding group processes and influences.
This document discusses organizational culture and ethics. It defines organizational culture as shared beliefs, traditions, and behaviors within a group. Formal systems like policies and informal systems like norms influence culture. Leaders shape culture through modeling ethics in decision-making and holding others accountable. Both formal systems like codes and informal systems like stories socialize new employees. The goal is aligning all systems to consistently reinforce ethical behavior. Developing ethical culture requires a long-term, systemic approach of assessing, intervening in, and evaluating culture over time.
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Kinship refers to the relationships between family members. It provides continuity between generations and defines groups for support. Kinship is based on blood, marriage, or adoption. It determines social groups, marriage and inheritance patterns, and residential practices. Kinship varies between cultures and helps outline rights, obligations, and appropriate behaviors between relatives.
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Corruption, unemployment, illiteracy, and drug addiction are some of the major social problems faced by Pakistan. Corruption is widespread, especially within the government and lower levels of police. Unemployment is also a significant issue, exacerbated by population growth and a lack of new job opportunities. Approximately 62% of Pakistan's population lives in rural areas and relies on agriculture for livelihood, but the agriculture sector faces challenges of water shortage, climate change, and lack of technology. Illiteracy remains a problem as well, especially among women, despite government programs. Drug abuse affects around 6.4 million adults in Pakistan or 1 in 27 people.
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Sociology 2 origins of sociology foundersJalil Thebo
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Compensation mangt 12 session.rewarding and reviewing contribution and perfor...Jalil Thebo
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2. It provides arguments for and against contingent pay schemes, noting that while they aim to reward better performance, the requirements for success are difficult and money alone does not create sustained motivation.
3. Key criteria for effective contingent pay schemes include having a clear line of sight between employee efforts and rewards, fair and consistent performance measurement, and employee ability to influence performance.
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- Guiding principles for strategic reward including fairness, equity, consistency, and transparency.
- Overall reward management principles such as aligning strategies with business objectives and valuing employee competence and contribution.
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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3. Sociology:
Sociology: scientific or systematic study of
human social behavior
1. Shows how people act and react
2. What characteristics of groups and societies
are
3. How these social events affect people
4. A Dictionary Defines
Sociology as the systematic study of society and
social interaction.
The first social scientist to use the term sociology
was a Frenchman by the name of Auguste
Comte who lived from 1798-1857. As coined by
Comte, the term sociology is a combination of
two words
The first part of the term is a Latin, Socius - that
may variously mean Society association
togetherness or companionship.
The other word, logos, is of Greek origin-study
5.
6. Ginsberg (“The Study of Society”, 1939):
“Sociology may be defined as the study of society;
that is of the web of human interactions and
relationships”.
Sugarman (“Sociology”, 1968):
“Sociology is the objective study of human
behaviour in so far as it is affected by the fact
that people live in groups”
Giner (“Sociology”, 1972): “The purpose of
Sociology is the scientific study of human society
through the investigation of people’s social
behaviour”.
7. General intro
sociology is the study of society.
It is a social science which uses various methods of empirical
investigation[1] and critical analysis[2] to develop a body of
knowledge about human social activity.
For many sociologists the goal is to conduct research which may
be applied directly to social policy and welfare, while others
focus primarily on refining the theoretical understanding of social
processes.
subject matter ranges from the micro level of
individual agency and interaction to the macrolevel of systems
and the social structure.[3]The traditional focuses of sociology
have included social stratification, social class, culture, social
mobility, religion, secularisation, law, and deviance.
As all spheres of human activity are affected by the interplay
between social structure and individual agency, sociology has
gradually expanded its focus to further subjects, such
as health, medical, military and penal institutions, the Internet,
and the role of social activity in the development of scientific
knowledge.
8. Sociological Imagination
A. Focus on how people are
influenced by other people
and by society.
B. Social forces are always at
play in our daily existence.
These social forces arise
from the society we are
part of.
9. Levels of analysis in sociology Micro sociology
and Macro sociology. Meso-sociology
Microsociology is the detailed study of what
people say, do, and think moment by moment as
they go about their daily lives.
Macrosociology focuses upon large-scale and
long-term social processes of organizations,
institutions, and broad social patterns.
Meso-sociology: analysis of social phenomena
in between the micro- and macro- levels
11. Auguste Comte and Positivism
1798-1857
Recognized as father of sociology
Coined the Term “Sociology”
Believed social behavior had to be studied
scientifically.
Positivism: using scientific observation
in the study of social behavior.
Applying the Scientific Method to Social
World
“Armchair Philosophy”
(drawing conclusions from informal
observations of social life
) . He migrated from a small town to Paris.
The changes he himself experienced,
combined with those France underwent in
the revolution, led Comte to become
interested in the two interrelated issues:
social order (social static) and social
change (social dynamics).
12. Compared society to the body- like a
body, society is composed of many
parts working together to promote its
well-being and survival.
Coined Phrase “Survival of the
Fittest”
Opposed social reform and believed
in the lower and higher forms of
society.
Interfering is harmful to society.
He was an Englishman and is
sometimes called second
founder of sociology.
He too believed that society
operates under some fixed laws.
Herbert Spencer—Social Darwinism
1820-1903
13. Believed that the Engine of Human
History is Class Conflict
Karl Marx was a German. According
to him the key to human history is
Class Conflict.
Not really a sociologist but wrote
widely about history, philosophy,
economics, political science.
Because of his insights into the
relationship between the social
classes, he is claimed to be an early
sociologist. He introduced one of the
major perspectives in sociology –
conflict perspective.
Karl Marx and Class Conflict
1818-1883
14. Believed that society exist because of a
broad agreement among members of
society.
As a result members of society are
dependent on one another.
Studied how social forces affect behavior
Identified “Social Integration”—Degree to
Which People are Tied to Social Group
Studied suicide rates believed they very
depending on group characteristics.
He was French. His primary goal was
of getting sociology recognized as a
separate academic discipline.
His systematic study comparing
suicide rates among several
countries revealed an underlying
social factor: People were more likely
to commit suicide if their ties to
others in their communities were
weak.
Durkheim and Social Integration
1858-1917
15. Religion is Central Force in Social
Change
Protestant Ethic and Spirit of
Capitalism
Research - Weber believed
the following:
Sociology Should be Value-Free
(personal beliefs should not affect
research)
Sociology Should be Objective
(neutral, not bias)
Should put yourself in the shoes of
others.
Max Weber was a German. He
used cross-cultural and
historical materials in order to
determine how
extensively social groups affect
people’s orientations to life.
Max Weber and the Protestant Ethic
1864-1920
16. Sexism in Early Sociology
Attitudes of the Time
1800s Sex Roles Rigidly Defined
Few People Educated Beyond
Basics
Harriet Martineau
Published Society in America
Before Durkheim and Weber
Were Born
Her work was Ignored
Harriet Martineau
17. Jane Addams and Social Reform
Worked for the 8 hour work day
and laws against child labor.
W. E. B. Du Bois and Race
Relations
Used science and sociology to
disprove racist assumptions about
African Americans.
Was largely ignored, until recently.
Sociology in North America
18. Ibn Khaldun
Ibn Khaldūn
(full name, Arabic: عبد زيد أبو
الحضرمي خلدون بن محمد بن الرحمن ,
Abū Zayd ‘Abdu r-Raḥmān bin
Muḥammad bin Khaldūn Al-Ḥaḍrami,
May 27, 1332 AD/732 AH – March 19,
1406 AD/808 AH) was an Arab Muslim
historiographer and historian, regarded
to be among the founding fathers of
modern historiography, sociology and
economics.
19. The Fields of Sociology
Biosociology
Occupations/Professions
Collective Behaviour/Socioal
Movements
Community
Political Sociology
Comparative Sociology/Macro
sociology Race/Ethnic/Minority
Relations
Criminal Justice
Religion
Criminology/Delinquency
Rural Sociology
Cultural Sociology
Small Groups
Demography Social Change
Development/Modernization
Social Control
Deviant Behaviour/Social
Disorganization
Social Networks
Economy and Society Social
Organizations/formal/complex
20. Education Social Psychology
Environmental Sociology
Socialization
Ethno methodology
Sociological Practice/Social Policy
History of Sociology/ Social Thought
Sociology of Aging/Social
Gerontology
Human Ecology Sociology of
Art/Literature
Industrial Sociology
Sociology of Knowledge
International development/Third
World
Sociology of Language/Social
Linguistics
Law and Society
Sociology of Markets
Leisure/Sports/Recreation
Sociology of Mental Health
Marriage and the Family
Sociology of Science
Mass Communication/Public
Opinion
Sociology of Sex and Gender
Mathematical sociology
Sociology of Work
Medical Sociology
Sociology of World Conflict
Methodology: Qualitative
Approaches
Stratification/Mobility
Methodology: Quantitative
Approaches Theory
Micro computing/Computer
Applications
Urban Sociology
Military Sociology
Visual
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33. CULTURE
Culture is people’s way of life. It is
their pattern of behavior, which has
been created by human beings.
Culture includes:
Intangible (non-material)
items like values, beliefs, norms,
language, and ideas (ideologies:
perception of reality) that govern the
way of life. The way we play our
roles.
+ Tangible things – material
objects. Human beings have
created this way of life, which
includes both material and non-
material objects. Hence some
Anthropologists call it as man- made
part of the environment.
Culture is an integrated
system of learned
behavior patterns that
are
characteristic of the
members of any given
society.
34. 34
Material Elements Chart
transportation energy
communications
health banks research firms
Economic
Infrastructure
Social
Infrastructure
Financial and
Marketing
Infrastructure
Material Culture
education
housing
35. Some specific features of culture:
Universality
Variability
Learned
Shared
Transmitted
Changing
36. Universality
Culture is universal. There is no society without
culture. As part of the cultures
there are many aspects that are found in almost all
the societies. For example the institutions like
marriage and family, religion, education, polity,
economy, and sports are found all over the world.
Societies have developed values, norms, beliefs, and
other patterns of behavior that govern the
system of marriage and family. One could find such a
pattern all over the world, and the same is applicable
to religion, education, political behavior, economic
behavior, and so on.
37. Variability
There is variability in the universals of culture.
By looking at the institution of marriage and
family one could see so much of variation in it
within Pakistan, notwithstanding the differences
in other societies.
The arranged marriages, love marriages, exchange
marriages, marriages by purchase, marriages within as
well as outside the kin network, are all variations that are
found in Pakistan.
Then one could see the differences in wedding
ceremonies all over the country. Joint families and
nuclear families, single earner families and dual earner
families, patriarchal families and patrilocal families and
matrilocal families are some other aspects reflecting the
variability of family in Pakistani society.
38. Learned
Culture is learned through the process of interaction
with others. It is not inherited through the biological
process. We learn to talk, to walk, and to act as our
elders train us.
Nature has given us the potential to talk but we
speak variety of languages, which are all created by
human beings and there is so much of variation
within as well as outside Pakistan. Also human being
have the capacity to learn a variety of languages.
Similarly other ways of life, which is culture, are
learned.
39. Shared
Culture is not the property of one individual or of
a group. It is shared with other
members of society. You are sharing T V
transmission with others, sharing a classroom
with
others, sharing the road with others, and sharing
the knowledge with others. You are sharing
culture with others because you are a social
being.
40. Transmitted:
Culture does not end with the death of a person
or a group. During its lifetime that
individual or group tries to pass on its culture to
the future generation. This is how every new crop
of babies does not start from a scratch rather they
build on what they have already received. That
is how culture grows and that is how our culture
becomes richer ad richer.
41. Changing
Culture is continuously changing. The patterns of
behavior transmitted by one
generation to another are continuously in the process
of modification for catering to the changing
needs of time and demands of people. New
technologies are developed and are borrowed from
other groups and societies. With the increase in the
contact between different societies the cultures
are changing very fast and may be moving toward
some kind of global culture
42. Three similar terms: Culture,
Nation, and Society
Culture: Shared way of life.
Nation: A political entity within designated
borders.
Society: The organized interaction of people in a
nation or within some other boundary.
Pakistan: nation and society, but may have many cultures.
Multicultural: Includes various ways of life that blend together.
44. Symbols
Anything that carries a particular meaning
recognized by people who share culture. Whistle,
flashing light, thumbs up are all symbols.
These symbols are used as means of
communication and thereby become part of our
language. Even the buildings, dress, the flag, and
a type of color may be taken as symbols
indicating some aspect of human behavior as well
as society’s outlook. Red, green, white, blue,
pink, each of the colors stands for something in
the society
45. Language
System of symbols that allows members of a
society to communicate with one another. May be
oral and these could be written words. We have
oral cultural traditions.
Human beings have developed different alphabet
as part of written language. Language is the
major means of cultural transmission.
46. Values
Culturally defined standards of desirability,
goodness, and beauty that serve as broad
guidelines for social living. What ought to be.
Equal opportunity, Achievement or success, Material comfort,
Activity and work. Science, Freedom, Physical fitness, Health,
Punctuality. Wealth, Education, Competition and Merit. Honesty,
Dignity of labor, Patriotism. Justice and Democracy.
Environmental protection, Charity and Development.
47. Beliefs
Specific statements that people hold to be true.
Values are broad principles that underlie beliefs.
Values are abstract standard of goodness, while
beliefs are particular matters that individuals consider
to be
true or false
48. Norms
Rules and expectations by which a society guides
the behavior of its members. These are the
shared expectations of the people that govern
their behavior.
Proscriptive norms: Mandating what we should not
do. Forbidding from certain actions.
Prescriptive norms: What we should do.
49. Mores and Folkways: W. G.
Sumner gave these concepts.
Mores (MORE-ays): Society’s standards of proper
moral conduct. Such standards have been
considered as essential to maintaining a way of
life. These are the notions of right or wrong
developed by society.
Violation of mores brings a strong reaction from
others.
Folkways: Society’s customs for routine, casual
interaction. These are of less moral significance.
Examples can be: proper dress, appropriate
greetings, and common courtesy. People usually
ignore the violation of folkways.
50. “Ideal” culture and “Real” Culture
Ideal culture: Social patterns that are mandated
by cultural values and norms. The ideal values
and norms, which are prevalent in the society.
Real culture: Actual social patterns those only
approximate cultural expectations. The norms
and value that people actually follow. It can also
be how many people follow these cultural
patterns. Or how much a person observes a
cultural pattern. Since this can be explained in
numbers therefore it may also be called a
statistical norm.
51. Cultural Diversity
There are many ways of life; hence there are
differences in culture. In one society there could be
differences in patterns of marriage and family,
patterns of education, patterns of worship, and
patterns of earning a living. One finds cultural
difference within the province and across the
provinces in Pakistan. Countries like Canada, which
are inhabited by immigrants, display a big cultural
diversity. People have migrated from all over the
globe to Canada and brought cultural differences with
them and in many cases are trying to continue with
them.
52. Culture by social class
People often divide society in different social classes
and find that each class represents differences in their
norms, values, beliefs, attitudes, and thinking.
These norms, values, and attitudes may relate to the
institutions of marriage and family, religion, education,
earning a living, or their political behavior, one could
find the differences
53. culture is often divided
High culture: Cultural patterns that distinguish a
society’s elite.
Popular culture: Cultural patterns those are
widespread among a society’s population.
Culture of poverty: Cultural patterns shared by
the poor.
54. Sub-Culture
Cultural patterns that set apart some segments of
a society’s population. Cluster of patterns which
both are related to the general culture of the
society yet distinguishable from it.
The example could be: student subculture,
business sub-culture
55. Multiculturalism
A policy followed by some governments whereby
they recognize cultural diversity in the society and
promote the equality of all cultural traditions.
Canadian government is following such a policy.
56. Counter-Culture
It is a subculture, which is in active opposition to
the dominant culture. Cultural patterns that
strongly oppose widely accepted patterns within a
society. Example could be of hippies, and drug
users.
57. Cultural change
Cultural change is the process of alteration of
culture over time. Any difference in a particular
pattern between two points in time may be called
cultural change. This may be a change in the
family pattern, which is changing from ‘joint family
system’ to a ‘nuclear family system’ in Pakistani
society.
58. Cultural Lag
All parts (elements) of culture do not change at
the same rate; some of them change faster than
the other.
For example material culture may change faster
than the non-material culture. We often see it is
difficult to change the habits quickly.
59. Causes of cultural change
Inventions: The process of creating new cultural elements out of the
existing(wheel)
Discovery: It is the process of finding that already exists.
Diffusion: It means the spread of cultural traits from one society to another
Ethnocentrism: The practice of judging other’s culture by the standards of
one’s own culture. People consider their own culture as superior to
others and apply their standards for evaluating the patterns of behavior of others.
Xeno-centrism: Considering other’s culture as superior to one’s
own.
60. Causes of cultural change continue
Cultural relativism: The practice of judging a culture by its own
standards; a particular pattern of behavior is right or
wrong as it is declared by the people who follow it. the
same practice may be useful for one group and may be harmful for the other
in the same society.
global culture
The global economy: the flow of goods.
Global communication: the flow of information.
Global migration: the flow of people.
Culture and Human Freedom